- 6 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – The context of public financial management.
Explaining key financial management provisions in the 1992 Constitution.
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Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
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- 4 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2c – The context of public financial management.
Explaining modalities for making payments out of the Consolidated Fund.
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- Tags: Consolidated Fund, Payment Modalities, Public Expenditure, Public Funds
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: NOV 2016
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- 8 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – Public Procurement.
Explain the stages involved in the national competitive tendering process for public procurement.
Question
Competitive tendering is a method of public procurement that seeks tenders from all potential suppliers or contractors to achieve value for money in public procurement. Competitive tendering is carried out in accordance with the competitive tendering procedures under the public procurement law.
Required: Explain FOUR procedures involved in carrying out national competitive tendering for the procurement of goods, services, and works. (6 marks)
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- 5 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q5d – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting
Discuss five benefits of integrating Ghana's tax revenue agencies.
Question
In December 2009, the three tax revenue agencies, the Customs, Excise and Preventive Service (CEPS), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and the Value Added Tax Service (VATS) were merged in accordance with Ghana Revenue Authority Act 2009, Act 791 to become the Ghana Revenue Agency.
Required:
Discuss five benefits of the integration to Tax Payers and the Tax Administration in Ghana.
(5 marks)
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- Tags: ICAG, Integration, Revenue Agency, Tax Administration
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: NOV 2016
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- 5 Marks
PSAF – July 2023 – L2 – Q5c – Public sector financing initiatives
Outline the sources of income for the District Assembly Common Fund (DACF) and the Petroleum Holding Fund (PHF).
Question
In accordance with Article 175 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, the Public Funds of Ghana consist of the Consolidated Fund, Contingency Fund, and such Other Funds as may be established by or under the authority of an Act of Parliament. Other Funds established by or under the authority of an Act of Parliament include the District Assembly Common Fund (DACF) and the Petroleum Holding Fund (PHF).
Required:
With respect to each fund (DACF and PHF), outline THREE (3) sources of income.
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- Tags: DACF, PHF, Public Finance, Public Funds, Revenue Sources
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: JULY 2023
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- 6 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector financing initiatives
State and explain three measures the Finance Minister shall take when recognizing illegally occupied government land or building.
Question
In accordance with Section 4 (2) (d) of the Public Financial Management Act 2016 (Act 921), the Minister of Finance shall manage Government property, Financial assets, Government debts, Government guarantees, and other contingent liabilities specified under Act 921. Paragraph 160 (2) of Public Financial Management Regulations, L.I 2378 of 2019 sets out measures the Finance Minister shall take upon recognizing that Government land or building is illegally occupied by an unauthorized person.
Required:
State and explain THREE (3) measures the Finance Minister shall take, upon recognizing that Government land or building of a covered entity is illegally occupied by an unauthorized person. (6 marks)
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- Tags: Government property, PFM Act, property management, Public Sector Accounting
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: NOV 2020
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- 5 Marks
PSAF – July 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector financing initiatives
Explain the challenges that the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) promises to address in public financial management.
Question
The Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) was launched to eradicate or reduce the endemic challenges in the public financial management system. Many experts hailed it as the panacea for the developmental challenges of Ghana.
Required:
In reference to the above, explain FIVE (5) challenges that the GIFMIS promises to address in public financial management in Ghana.
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- Tags: Budgeting, Financial Reporting, GIFMIS, Public Financial Management, Revenue management
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: JULY 2023
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – May 2017 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector financing initiatives
This question evaluates the feasibility of a public-private partnership (PPP) for constructing and managing libraries in rural areas and identifies associated risks.
Question
The Ministry of Education is currently considering public-private partnership as a means of improving educational infrastructure in the rural areas. The Ministry intends to use Public-Private Partnership to construct and manage modern libraries in rural areas to increase access to quality reading materials in a serene environment. The project would be fully financed by the private sector and will be built on lands secured by the government from the chiefs of the communities.
The private sector requires government guarantee to borrow externally to execute the project. Currently, public library services are free; however, the new project when executed through Public-Private Partnership would be on a “user-pay” basis. The average fees payable per user are estimated at GH¢20 per week and will be subject to an upward review from time to time. In order to stimulate private sector interest in the project, the Ministry intends to immunize the private sector against risks associated with the project. Meanwhile, the Ministry would insist that local materials and skills are employed in the construction and management of the library project. The project is also environmentally friendly as there will be little or no destruction of the forest vegetation. The project when completed will be of great benefit to the country as a whole.
Required:
i) Based on FOUR guiding principles of Public-Private Partnership under the national Public-Private Partnership policy, explain the feasibility or otherwise of the proposed library project by the Ministry of Education. (6 marks)
ii) Explain TWO sources of risks associated with the library project that should be allocated between the public sector and the private sector in the Public-Private Partnership arrangement. (4 marks)
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- 8 Marks
PSAF – May 2016 – L2 – Q4c – Public sector financing initiatives
This question explores the objectives and guiding principles of Public Private Partnership (PPP) agreements in Ghana.
Question
i) State ONE objective of a public private partnership agreement?
ii) Explain THREE factors that the Government would consider before entering into a public private partnership agreement?
iii) Explain the following terms used as guiding principles in IPSAS 13 and 32 – Accounting for Public Private Partnership:
- Service Concession Arrangement
- Lease
- Recognition of Revenue
- Economic Life of an Asset
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- Tags: Asset Life, Financial management, Ghana, IPSAS, Lease, PPP, Public-Private Partnership, Revenue Recognition, Service Concession
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: MAY 2016
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4c -Public sector financing initiatives
Discuss PPP investment models and benefits for MTU in the context of developing university infrastructure under fiscal constraints.
Question
Musko Technical University (MTU) is a public University in Ghana. The University has a student population of about Twelve Thousand (12,000). It relies on Government subvention and Internally Generated Fund in running its operations and developing public infrastructure. As a result of the fiscal challenges the Government is experiencing, it has reduced its funding support to the University. This problem together with low Internally Generated Fund has resulted in the University expending greater proportion of its Internally Generated Fund on Goods and Services which reduces spending on infrastructure development. Currently, the University needs a good Library, Lecture Theatre and Hostel facility for the smooth running of its operations. The University is aware of the new Public Funding Initiative called Public Private Partnership (PPP). Fortunately, it has been approached by a South African investor who wishes to enter into a PPP contract with the University to build 8,400-unit capacity hostel facility in the University within two years. This arrangement is expected to reduce students’ internal accommodation deficit from 90% to 20%. Currently, the University’s challenge is how to maintain their control on the Hostel Facility after the construction under PPP.
Required: i) Explain THREE (3) PPP investment models suitable for addressing the needs of MTU. (6 marks)
ii) Discuss FOUR (4) benefits MTU may obtain from such initiatives. (4 marks)
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q4c – Public sector financing initiatives
Discuss the benefits of Public Partnerships and explain guiding principles for Ghana's Public Private Partnership Arrangements.
Question
c) Public Partnerships (PUPs) is a partnership between a government body or public authority and another such body or a non-profit organization to provide services and/or facilities, sometimes with a goal of transferring technical skills and expertise within international development projects.
Required:
i) State and explain any FIVE (5) benefits the Government of Ghana can derive from Public Partnership.
(5 marks)
ii) Explain any FIVE (5) guiding principles of any good arrangement you think the Government of Ghana should enter into Public Private Partnership Arrangement.
(5 marks)
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector financing initiatives
Discuss the limitations of PPPs and identify and explain different types of PPP arrangements in Ghana.
Question
b) Public-Private Partnership (PPP) has been identified as a good source of mobilizing resources to support development at both national and sub-national levels. Before approvals of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are considered by governments, there are many important economic, social, political, legal, and administrative aspects, which should be carefully assessed. PPPs have various limitations which should be taken into accounts while they are being considered.
Required:
i) Identify FOUR of such limitations. (4 marks)
ii) Identify and explain FOUR different types of PPP arrangements a public sector institution can enter into allowable by the PPP regulations of Ghana. (6 marks)
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- 4 Marks
PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q4c – Public sector financing initiatives
Explains the financial liability model and grant of right to operator model under IPSAS 32 for recognizing liability in service concession arrangements.
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- 6 Marks
PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q4b – Public sector financing initiatives
Explains key principles of Public-Private Partnership, including value for money, risk allocation, ability to pay, and competition.
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- Tags: Affordability, Competition, PPP, Public-Private Partnership, Risk Allocation, Value for Money
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: MAR 2023
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Dec 2023 – L2 – Q4b – Public sector financing initiatives
Explain Public-Public Partnerships and their advantages over Public-Private Partnerships.
Question
Most often, public-private partnership is over-hyped in public sector management at the expense of public-public partnership which is also another powerful tool for improving public sector services.
Required:
i) Explain Public-Public Partnership. (2 marks)
ii) Explain FOUR (4) advantages of Public-Public Partnerships over Public-Private Partnership. (8 marks)
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- 6 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q1c – Public Sector Financing Initiatives
Calculate the total statutory amount to be transferred to the DACF and determine the equal share each local government would receive for the 2015 fiscal year.
Question
The following information was produced by the Ministry of Finance for the 2015 fiscal year:
Revenue Source GH¢ million
Grants 1,130.70
Non-Tax Revenue 4,358.70
Taxes on Income and Property 9,238.30
Taxes on Domestic Goods and Services 7,061.70
International Trade Taxes 4,051.10
Other Taxes 161.40
The 1992 Constitution and the District Assemblies Common Fund Act 455 require Parliament to annually allocate portions of national revenue into the District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) for distribution to local governments.
Required:
i) Calculate the statutory total amount to be transferred into DACF required by law and grant policy for the 2015 fiscal year. (4 marks)
ii) Assuming that Parliament approves for an equal distribution of the DACF for 2015 to all local governments, how much would one typical local government in Ghana receive as its share of the DACF for the 2015 fiscal year for development? (2 marks)
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- Tags: DACF, Equal Distribution, Fiscal Allocation, Local Governments, National Revenue
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: NOV 2017
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q5a – Public sector financing initiatives
Explain Treasury Single Account (TSA) and discuss its benefits, and explain how GIFMIS supports cash management and budgeting.
Question
Under the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921), Treasury Single Account (TSA) system is recommended for managing cash resources of the government. The implementation of the treasury single account system is reflected in the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (GIFMIS).
Required:
i) Explain Treasury Single Account and discuss FOUR (4) benefits associated with such a system in Ghana.
(6 marks)
ii) Explain how the use of GIFMIS has supported the following public financial management functions:
- Cash management.
- Budgeting and budgetary execution.
(4 marks)
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- Tags: Cash Management, GIFMIS, Public Financial Management, Treasury Single Account
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: NOV 2021
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q4c – Public sector financing initiatives
Explain four typical types of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) contracts and their characteristics.
Question
Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements can take different forms ranging from simple models to complex models. PPP arrangements may differ from one jurisdiction and economy to another. There are, however, typical types of PPP contracts that are common to all jurisdictions and economies.
Required:
Explain FOUR (4) typical types of PPP contracts.
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – May 2019 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector financing initiatives
Suggest three PPP arrangements for the power sector, detailing their implications on public monies, management, and residual assets.
Question
The power sector has been experiencing enormous challenges in recent times in terms of finance and management. The multi-million-dollar investment of government in the power distribution system seems not to achieve the desired results. In search of a remedy, the government has implemented several reforms in the sector, including corporatization of the agency responsible for power distribution to give it a business nature to drive efficiency. Some years thereafter, the problem of financial constraints coupled with corporate governance issues has surfaced stronger than before. The government has been advised to consider using Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a vehicle to revamp the power sector. The Minister for Energy has been tasked to develop a PPP proposal which leverages both private sector finances and management expertise to salvage the sinking power sector.
Required:
As an advisor to the Minister, present to the Minister THREE (3) PPP arrangements that can be used to achieve the objective of government, indicating clearly the effect of each of the proposals on public monies, management, and residual assets.
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- 10 Marks
PSAF – May 2020 – L1 – Q4b – Public sector financing initiatives
Explain different types of Public-Private Partnership arrangements.
Question
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a contractual arrangement between a public entity and a private sector party, with a clear agreement on shared objectives for the production of public infrastructure and services traditionally provided by the public sector. PPPs can have many different forms.
Required:
Explain the following types of Public-Private Partnership arrangements:
i) Operating and Maintenance Contract
(2.5 marks)
ii) Rehabilitate Operate and Transfer
(2.5 marks)
iii) Service Concession
(2.5 marks)
iv) Joint Venture
(2.5 marks)
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- Tags: Infrastructure, PPP, Public Sector Accounting, Public-Private Partnership
- Level: Level 2
- Topic: Public sector financing initiatives
- Series: MAY 2020
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