Topic: Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

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ATAX – May 2016 – L3 – Q3 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Analyze the taxation effects of incentives on Joint Ventures vs. Sole Risk operations, compute Tax Inversion Penalty, and explain Mineral Rights Acquisition Costs.

Ugheli Limited is operating a Joint Venture with NNPC under the Year 2000 Memorandum of Understanding, while Eket Limited operates under the Sole Risk Operation agreement.

The following information reflects the two companies’ operations for the month of July 2014:

Required:

(a)
i. Using the above information, compare the effects of Incentives on Joint Venture Operation as against the Sole Risk Operation using the two companies’ operations. (7 Marks)

ii. What is the purpose of Tax Inversion Penalty (TIP)? (4 Marks)

iii. Determine the Tax Inversion Penalty and the Revised Government Take from the operations of the two companies. (Tax Inversion Rate is 35%) (3 Marks)

(b) Explain the term “Mineral Rights Acquisition Costs.” (3 Marks)

(c) Explain briefly the differences between Joint Venture and Sole Risk Agreements under the Year 2000 Memorandum of Understanding. (3 Marks)

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ATAX – May 2016 – L3 – Q2 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Compute assessable and chargeable profits, assessable and chargeable taxes, and tertiary education tax for Sky Petroleum Plc.

Sky Petroleum Plc commenced operations over ten years ago and makes up accounts to December 31 annually. The following details have been extracted from the accounting records for the year ended December 31, 2014:

Details Amount
Crude Oil Exported 3,500,000 barrels
Crude Oil Used Locally 1,200,000 barrels at ₦100 per barrel
Incidental Income from Petroleum Operations ₦26,750,000
Exploration and Drilling Costs ₦30,000,000
Management and Administration Expenses ₦240,500,000
Non-Productive Rents ₦8,300,000
Allowance for Bad Debts – General ₦7,500,000
Allowance for Bad Debts – Specific ₦11,200,000
Depreciation ₦7,250,000
Losses Brought Forward ₦13,200,000

Qualifying Capital Expenditure:

Asset Date Acquired Location Amount (₦)
Pipeline and Storage Tanks March 2014 Continental Shelf (190m water depth) ₦48,000,000
Plant and Machinery June 2012 Territorial Waters (90m water depth) ₦63,800,000
Furniture and Fittings May 2011 Territorial Waters (95m water depth) ₦21,000,000
Building April 2013 Onshore ₦71,000,000

Breakdown of Management and Administration Expenses:

Item Amount (₦)
Donations to Political Parties ₦8,500,000
Expenditure for Petroleum Deposit Information ₦4,700,000
Companies Income Tax of an Associated Company ₦5,000,000
Interest on Inter-Company Loans (at market terms) ₦2,600,000
Staff Salaries ₦175,000,000
Royalties on Export Sales ₦6,200,000
Repairs and Renewals on PPE for Petroleum Operations ₦2,900,000
Rents Paid for Oil Prospecting License ₦3,600,000
Other Administrative Expenses ₦32,000,000
Total ₦240,500,000

Additional Information:

  • International market price of crude oil in 2014 was USD $75 per barrel.
  • Exchange rate: USD $1 = ₦280.

Required:

a. Compute the Assessable Profit. (11 Marks)
b. Compute the Chargeable Profit. (5 Marks)
c. Compute the Assessable Tax. (1 Mark)
d. Compute the Chargeable Tax. (2 Marks)
e. Compute the Tertiary Education Tax. (1 Mark)

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AT – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Explain associated gas and downstream activities and compute petroleum profits tax for Bivenette Petroleum Company Ltd.

a. The administration of the Petroleum Profits Tax Act is under the charge and management of the Federal Inland Revenue Service with respect to Petroleum Profits Tax Act Cap P13 LFN 2004.

You are required to explain:
i. Associated Gas (2 Marks)
ii. Downstream Activities (2 Marks)

b. Bivenette Petroleum Company Limited has been in the oil prospecting business for some years. Extracts from the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, show the following information:

Details Amount (₦’000)
Value of oil exported 1,030,000
Domestic sales 842,000
Chargeable gas sales 603,000
Other income 425,000
Operating costs 1,385,000
Intangible costs 142,800
Royalty on export sales 125,000
Royalty on local sales 96,500
Non-productive rent 102,000
Exploration incentives 313,500
Rental 101,200
Interest paid 98,000
Administrative expenses 265,000

Additional Information:
(i) The Petroleum Profits Tax rate is 85%.
(ii) Interest paid included ₦12,000,000 paid to an affiliated company.
(iii) Capital allowances were agreed at ₦253,750,000.
(iv) Included in the operating cost is ₦302,000,000 paid to a company for information on oil prospect in Adamawa State.
(v) The company is entitled to Investment Allowance of ₦173,000,000.

Required:
Determine the Assessable Profit, Chargeable Profit, Assessable Tax, and Chargeable Tax of the company for the relevant Year of Assessment. (11 Marks)

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ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q7b – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Explain "Memorandum of Understanding" in PPT computation and highlight the Year 2000 MOU details.

i. Describe briefly your understanding of the term “Memorandum of Understanding” as it applies to Petroleum Profits Tax computation. (3 Marks)

ii. State FOUR highlights of the Year 2000 Memorandum of Understanding. (4 Marks)

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ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q7a – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

List eight items disallowed by the Petroleum Profits Tax Act in ascertaining adjusted profit.

As the newly appointed Tax Consultant to a company, you are required to make a presentation stating EIGHT items specifically disallowed by the Petroleum Profits Tax Act Cap. P13 LFN 2004 as amended, in ascertaining the adjusted profit of an accounting period. (8 Marks)

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ATAX – May 2019 – L3 – Q1b – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Assess and compute the assessable profit, chargeable profit, chargeable tax, and total tax payable for a petroleum company, based on financial data.

b. Priceless Oil Limited commenced crude oil production in Nigeria in 2006. The company has provided the following financial report for the year ended December 31, 2018:

Additional Information:

  1. Posted price for exported crude oil averaged $52/barrel (at an exchange rate of ₦306 to $1).
  2. Included in other income: ₦38,000,000 from crude transportation (cost: ₦16,250,000).
  3. Natural gas contract with Tommy Limited: value ₦655,000,000, load factor 54%.
  4. Depreciation of ₦120,250,000 was included in production costs.
  5. Qualifying capital expenditures:
Type Date Location Amount (₦)
Storage tank March 12, 2018 On-shore 23,500,000
Plant and equipment November 15, 2018 Continental Shelf of 130
metres of water depth
75,000,000
  1. Capital allowances brought forward: ₦33,700,000; for the year: ₦88,500,000.
  2. Admin expenses include ₦3,500,000 stamp duties for debentures.
  3. Specific bad debts written off: ₦39,500,000.
  4. Donations were wholly expended for petroleum operations.
  5. ₦12,250,000 was paid to retrieve petroleum-related data (included in miscellaneous expenses).
  6. ₦20,500,000 interest was paid to an associate company at market rate.

Prepare and submit a report on the following computations:
i. Assessable profit (12 Marks)
ii. Chargeable profit (6 Marks)
iii. Chargeable tax (6 Marks)
iv. Total tax payable (6 Marks)

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ATAX – May 2019 – L3 – Q1a – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Assess and compute the assessable profit, chargeable profit, chargeable tax, and total tax payable for a petroleum company, based on financial data.

In line with provisions of the Petroleum Profits Tax Act Cap P13 LFN 2004 (as amended), explain “accounting period” of a petroleum exploration company. (2 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Analyze tax implications for Broadway Limited's pioneer status and relevant years of assessment.

Broadway Limited was incorporated on 31 May 2004, as a manufacturer of plastic products. Four Lebanese shareholders invested substantially, intending to become members of the Board of Directors. The company applied for a Pioneer Status under the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act, Cap. 17, LFN 2004 and was granted a Pioneer Certificate, with a Production Day certified as 1 August 2004.

The following information has been extracted from the company’s records:

Details Amount (N)
Net Profit for Financial Year Ended 31 July 2008 5,005,000
Depreciation 396,435

The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) certified the following expenditures up to and including the year ended 31 July 2007:

Expenditure Type Amount (N)
Industrial Building 6,142,500
Non-Industrial Building 2,990,000
Plant and Machinery 4,631,250
Motor Vehicles 4,062,500

The promoters declined to apply for an extension of the Pioneer period.

Required:
Advise the management on the tax implications for the relevant years of assessment.

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AT – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Calculate the total tax liabilities of Jisosi Petroleum Limited to aid in dividend decision-making.

The Independent Auditors of Jisosi Petroleum Limited submitted the draft Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 for management’s discussion. The executive summary revealed total revenue of N286,650,000 and Profit Before Taxation of N82,642,000.

To arrive at the proposed dividend for the consideration of the Board, there is a need to determine the total tax liabilities for the year. The draft Statement of Profit or Loss includes the following items among others:

Expense Item Amount (N)
Royalty on Crude Oil sold 13,500,000
Cost of Well Drilling 25,000,000
Custom Duties 500,000
Clearing of Oil Spillage 7,500,000
Depreciation 32,000,000
Donations 4,500,000
Community Relations Expenses 10,000,000
Transportation Expenses for 2012 8,500,000

Additionally, the revenue includes:

  1. Profit on Property, Plant, and Equipment sold: N48,000
  2. Income from transportation of crude oil for the year ended 31 December 2012: N16,894,000

The officials of Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and the Company agreed as follows:

Item Amount (N)
Annual Allowances on exploration 25,500,000
Balancing Charge on exploration 242,000
Capital Allowances on exploration b/f 11,000,000
Petroleum Investment Allowance 18,500,000
Capitalised Intangible Drilling Cost 14,000,000
Losses b/f 10,000,000
Capital Allowances on transportation 750,000

Required:
Determine the total tax liabilities of the company for the consideration of the directors to aid in the proposed dividend decision.

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q7 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Identify allowable expenses under the PIA and explain implications of mergers in upstream petroleum operations.

In the last three years, some major oil producing companies have decided to divest their investments from the Nigerian oil and gas sector. One of the reasons for this might be the new global energy order, which seems to favour the evolution of a “green environment” as against the present use of hydrocarbons with its inherent environmental degradation and pollution.

Similarly, in response to the yearnings of various stakeholders in the oil and gas sector, the Federal Government enacted the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021. Generally, the Act provides the legal, governance, regulatory, and fiscal framework for the Nigerian petroleum industry, the development of host communities, and for related matters.

Notable commentators and professionals in the sector suggest that the divestment of major oil and gas operators in Nigeria could be beneficial to local investors if funds are sourced and deployed to businesses in the sector. Mergers and acquisitions of indigenously owned oil-producing companies have been noted as one valuable option in this regard.

Required:

a. In respect of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, identify the expenses allowable in the computation of adjusted profit of a company in upstream petroleum operations. (6 Marks)
b. Identify and explain SIX implications of mergers and acquisitions in respect of a situation where a new company takes over an existing company. (9 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2023 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Petroleum Profits Tax

Calculation of hydrocarbon and companies income tax for Brass Petroleum Producing Company Ltd under Petroleum Industry Act and Companies Income Tax Act.

Brass Petroleum Producing Company Limited has been operating as an oil prospecting company in Nigeria for fifteen years. The company operates in both onshore and shallow water in the Koko area of the Niger Delta region.

Following the provisions of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, the company applied for, and was granted a petroleum prospecting license (PPL) on January 1, 2021.

Extracts from the company’s financial records for the year ended December 31, 2021, revealed the following:

Description N’million
Revenue:
Value of crude oil sold 184,450
Value of condensate from associated gas sold 47,175
Value of natural gas liquid from associated gas sold 41,650
Gross revenue 273,275
Balancing charge 32
Total Gross Revenue 273,307
Deduct:
Production cost 106,470
Cost of gas reinjection wells 600
Drilling cost incurred 4,360
Depreciation of plant, machinery, and fixtures 1,500
Decommissioning and abandonment 1,900
Repairs and maintenance 5,750
Royalty cost paid 40,990
Niger Delta Development Commission charge 250
Finance costs 510
Terminaling cost 1,380
Donations to recognised charity home 130
Concession rentals 20,470
Host community fund 1,000
Local government municipal levy 100
Environmental remediation fund 1,420
Cost incurred in seeking information for oil deposits 370
Total Deductible Expenses 187,200
Net Profit 86,107

Additional Information:

  1. Value of crude oil sold:
    • Type: Forcados
    • Quantity (barrels): 6,200,000
    • Actual Price ($): 70
    • Fiscal Price ($): 72
  2. Value of condensate from associated gas sold:
    • Type: OSO condensate
    • Quantity (barrels): 3,700,000
    • Actual Price ($): 30
    • Fiscal Price ($): 30
  3. Value of gas liquid from associated gas sold:
    • Type: Pennington
    • Quantity (barrels): 2,800,000
    • Actual Price ($): 35
    • Fiscal Price ($): 34
  4. Drilling cost incurred:
    • Tangible drilling cost for first exploration well: N2,800 million
    • Drilling the first two appraisal wells: N1,560 million
    • Total: N4,360 million
  5. Repairs and maintenance:
    • Repairs of plant, machinery, and fixtures: N2,750 million
    • Repairs or alteration of production implement utensils: N3,000 million
    • Total: N5,750 million
  6. Losses brought forward from last year: N655 million
  7. Capital allowances computed:
    • Brought forward: N320 million
    • For the current year: N1,400 million
    • Total: N1,720 million
  8. Production allowances after commencement of the Petroleum Industry Act: N3,300 million
  9. Exchange Rate: Assume N425 is equivalent to US$1.

Required:

As the company’s Tax Manager, you are to prepare a report to the Managing Director, showing in line with the provisions of Petroleum Industry Act 2021 and Companies Income Tax Act 2004 (as amended), the:

a. Hydrocarbon tax (14 Marks)

b. Companies income tax payable (6 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Calculate Colamrud Petroleum’s adjusted and assessable profit for Q1 2022 based on allowable and non-allowable expenses under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, and comment on the company's cost-price ratio in relation to regulatory standards.

Colamrud Petroleum (Nigeria) Limited, a subsidiary of a foreign oil and gas company, has been engaged in petroleum prospecting and exploration (upstream) operations for both local and foreign markets for over a decade. As part of corporate policy, the management reviews the quarterly performance reports in board meetings. Below is the financial summary for the first quarter (January – March) 2022, prepared by the Finance Controller:

Income (N’000):

  • Value of oil sold (export): 900,380
  • Value of oil sold (local): 223,300
  • Value of gas sold: 430,100
  • Other income: 7,200
  • Gross revenue: 1,560,980

Expenses (N’000):

  • Production cost: 210,730
  • Tangible drilling cost (first appraisal well): 18,800
  • Intangible drilling cost (first appraisal well): 17,600
  • Cost of gas reinjection wells: 4,000
  • Cost of drilling 3 appraisal wells: 24,000
  • Rent: 13,000
  • Royalties on export sales: 69,300
  • Royalties on local sales: 9,800
  • Salaries and wages: 170,500
  • Head office shared costs: 62,000
  • Repairs and maintenance: 8,930
  • Customs duty on essentials: 2,900
  • Depreciation: 66,000
  • Interest on loans: 4,400
  • Allowance for doubtful debts: 34,000
  • Administrative expenses: 79,200
  • Stamp duties on increase in share capital: 1,000
  • Bank charges: 900
  • Miscellaneous expenses: 22,500
  • Income tax provision: 90,000
  • Tertiary education tax provision: 6,000
  • Total expenses: 915,560
  • Net profit: 645,420

Additional Information:

  1. Fiscal oil and gas prices were approved on an export parity basis by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission.
  2. Head office shared costs:
    • Research and development costs: 12,000
    • Indirect production costs: 50,000
  3. Repairs and maintenance:
    • Repairs of oil pipelines and storage tanks: 6,000
    • Repairs of plant: 1,500
    • Improvement to building: 1,430
  4. Allowance for doubtful debts:
    • Specific provision: 10,000
    • General provision: 20,000
    • Bad debt written off: 4,000
  5. Administrative expenses:
    • Natural gas flare fees: 10,000
    • Transport cost: 13,200
    • Cost of obtaining information on oil existence: 7,300
    • Expenditure for acquisition of geological information: 14,900
    • Other allowable expenses: 33,800
  6. Miscellaneous expenses:
    • Tenement levy paid to local government: 2,000
    • Contribution to Niger Delta Development fund: 5,500
    • Contribution to Host Community Development fund: 12,000
    • Donation to widows and orphans association: 3,000
  7. Unabsorbed losses brought forward: 35,000

Required:

As the company’s Assistant Tax Manager, prepare a report for the Tax Manager that includes:

  1. Adjusted Profit and Assessable Profit: Calculate the adjusted profit and assessable profit for the first quarter of 2022 in line with the Petroleum Industry Act 2021.
    (18 Marks)
  2. Cost-Price Ratio Commentary: Provide comments on the cost-price ratio of the company, referencing the Sixth Schedule of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021.
    (2 Marks)

Total: 20 Marks

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