Series: NOV 2018

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Governance

Provide a defence for the unitary board structure, outline core roles, and discuss the composition and size of the board.

It is important that, as a member of the board of directors of a company, you have a good understanding of the nature, types, and structures of a board.

You are required to:
a. Provide a defence for the unitary board structure. (5 Marks)
b. Outline the core roles of a board of directors. (5 Marks)
c. Provide a broad overview of the composition and size of a unitary board of directors. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain the BCG Model with a diagram to analyze a firm's business portfolio, detailing the four product categories.

As part of a training session in strategic management, deploy a diagram to explain how a firm would use the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) model to analyze its business portfolio. Explain each category of products identified in the BCG model.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q5 – Ethics in Business

Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts based on ICAN's professional code of conduct.

You have been invited to facilitate a session on how to deal with ethical conflicts based on the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria code of professional conduct. Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Discuss ethical considerations for accountants, actions to serve the public interest, and the nature and purpose of a corporate code of ethics.

There is an increasing demand on professional accountants to pay close attention to ethical standards as they carry out their professional duties. This requires, among other considerations, that accountants act professionally and in the public interest. They are also expected to abide by the code of ethics of their profession and the corporate code of ethics of the organization in which they work.

Required:

a. Discuss the ethical considerations a professional accountant should attend to in the discharge of professional duties. (6 Marks)

b. What specific actions are you expected to take in order to serve the public interest? (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the nature and purpose of corporate code of ethics. (9 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain the processes of identifying, assessing, measuring, and prioritizing risks, and discuss the impact on stakeholders.

Success and profit maximization in business are premised on factors that include the ability to identify, assess, and measure risks. As a risk manager, how would you explain the following to a group of prospective entrepreneurs in ways that would adequately equip them to deal with operational, business, and strategic risks?

a. Risk identification (4 Marks)
b. The impact of risk on any four stakeholders (4 Marks)
c. Assessing risks: impact and probability (4 Marks)
d. Measuring risks (4 Marks)
e. Prioritizing risks (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q2 – Corporate Governance

Identify five key corporate governance issues for expansion and principles of good corporate governance for PKL Restaurants Limited.

PKL Restaurants Limited was established in 1995 and now has 12 branches in different parts of Lagos. The company wants to expand its operations to Abuja and Port Harcourt. Consequently, it seeks to restructure the business and build structures for good corporate governance.

Required:

a. Develop a proposal highlighting five key issues of corporate governance. (10 Marks)

b. Evaluate five principles of good corporate governance that the company should adhere to. (10 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1b – Business-Level Strategies

Describe two key risks associated with adopting a cost leadership strategy in business.

Provide a detailed account of two of the risks business entities might face by adopting a strategy of cost leadership.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Environmental Analysis

Perform a SWOT analysis using a Mini Resource Audit and Porter's Five Forces for Igbadun Nigeria Limited in the online streaming business.

Igbadun Nigeria Limited is a private limited liability company engaged in the business of online content streaming to registered subscribers through a dedicated website “igbadun.com”. The company’s content offerings include movies, TV episodes, cartoon series, educational series, documentaries, and reality shows.

The subscriber base growth rate of Igbadun has been phenomenal, jumping from about 3,000 in 2013 to 30,000 at the end of 2017. This is despite the fact that the industry is relatively new in Nigeria. The growth has led to an increase in revenue from N72 million in 2013 to N450 million by the year ended 31 December 2017. However, the only source of revenue to the company is customer subscriptions.

The impressive performance of Igbadun Nigeria Limited has been attributed to several factors, including:

  • Increasing internet usage;
  • Increased patronage of streamed online programs;
  • Improved access to the internet at a reduced cost;
  • Affordability of internet-enabled devices suitable for viewing online video content;
  • Cost reduction strategies and a very affordable subscription rate, which has been reduced from N2,000 in 2013 to N1,500 in 2017. This is the second-lowest rate in the industry;
  • Aggressive marketing strategy and investment in advertising;
  • Reduction in marketing costs as a percentage of revenue from 16% in 2013 to 12.8% in 2017;
  • Growth of gross subscribers by more than 100% per annum;
  • Investment of over 60% of its earnings for growth and development, especially in purchasing the best hardware and software available;
  • Aggressive R & D policy that has led to in-house development of most of its software, with all of them duly patented;
  • Effective Human Resource Management strategy that has helped to attract, motivate, train, and retain highly qualified and experienced manpower;
  • Management team of highly experienced personnel.

A report recently released by Arthur Baker and Company, a reputable consulting firm in Nigeria, predicted that the demand for online program streaming in Nigeria will grow significantly to 5 million by 2020. Consequently, existing rivals, such as Netcom and other smaller competitors, are jostling to gain competitive advantage. The relatively liberal legal requirements for entry have also facilitated an influx of new entrants into the industry. Netflox, the world’s biggest provider of online program streaming service, recently commenced operations in Nigeria.

Copyright activists recently proposed a bill to the National Assembly, allowing online program streaming providers to stream new releases only after two months of release. This bill will adversely affect the subscription revenue of igbadun.com if passed into law.

A major part of Igbadun’s subscription revenue is received through online payments using debit cards. However, a recent report by an independent consultant shows a decline in the use of online payment platforms due to increased security concerns. This has the potential to hurt Igbadun’s revenue stream.

Igbadun is also struggling to compete with other movie entertainment media such as cable TV, DVDs, and cinemas. The most worrisome for the company has been DVDs. The activities of pirates have made the price of DVDs for new releases as low as N500 each. If this continues unabated, the company risks losing its subscriber base.

Despite these challenges, Igbadun plans to grow its subscriber base to 200,000 by the end of 2020.

Required:

a. With the aid of a Mini Resource Audit and Porter’s Five Forces Model, prepare a SWOT analysis for the management of Igbadun Nigeria Limited.

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Discuss the objectives of an ideal intergovernmental fiscal system and the problems facing intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.

“There are critical issues and problems with decentralisation of government and intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.”

Required:
a. The main objectives of an ideal system of fiscal relations among sub-national units in a federation.
(6 Marks)
b. Three problems of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.
(9 Marks)

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Discuss the concept of market failure and provide cases justifying government intervention in the economy.

he need for government intervention in the economy is justified on the basis of market failure. In particular, the intervention has become inevitable in view of some practical situations for which the market is rather unhelpful.

Required:
a. Discuss the notion of “market failure” as a basis for government intervention.
(5 Marks)
b. Provide four illustrative cases to justify government intervention in the Nigerian economy.
(10 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SC – Q5 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15)

Prepare the statement of profit or loss and financial position extracts based on the percentage of completion for a building contract over two years.

Akawo Limited is a building contracting firm based in Abuja. ABC Limited awarded a contract to Akawo Limited to construct a residential building in Lagos. The agreed contract price is N80 million, and the completion date is December 31, 2017.

The following are details of transactions on the contract up to March 31, 2016:

  • Contract commenced on July 1, 2015
  • Contract costs incurred by March 31, 2016, include:
    • Architects and surveyor’s fees: N1,000,000
    • Materials: N6,200,000
    • Direct labor costs: N7,000,000
    • Overheads (40% of direct labor costs): N2,800,000
    • Estimated cost to completion (excluding depreciation): N29,600,000
    • Plant and machinery used exclusively on the contract: N7,200,000 (Depreciation based on period of use)
    • Material on-site as at March 31, 2016: N600,000

The value of the plant at the end of the contract would be N1.2m and the basis of depreciation
is period of usage. Material on site as at March 31, 2016 is N600,000.

Progress payment made by ABC Limited to Akawo Limited amounted to N25.6m as at March
31, 2016.

The following information is also relevant to the contract as at March, 31 2017:

Cost incurred since the commencement of the contract to date-N40.8m.
Estimated cost to completion (excluding depreciation) N13.2m

ABC Limited paid additional N32.4m to Akawo Limited on March, 31 2017 Akawo Limited
uses percentage of completion to determine profit on a contract.

Required:
Prepare in relation to the building contract, the statement of profit or loss extracts for the years ended March 31, 2016, and 2017, and the statement of financial position extracts as at the year ended on those dates.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SB – Q4c – Ethical Issues in Financial Reporting

Identify and explain four creative accounting techniques that can manipulate the view given by financial statements.

Management may use various forms of creative accounting to manipulate the view given by financial statements. Identify and explain four creative accounting techniques.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SB – Q4a and Q4b – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Calculate the financial ratios for Adebayo Trading Company Plc for the years 2018 and 2017 and comment on the profitability and short-term liquidity of Adebayo Trading Company Plc based on calculated ratios.

The following financial statements were extracted from the books of Adebayo Trading Company Plc for the relevant years:

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended March 31:

Item 2018 (N’000) 2017 (N’000)
Revenue 250,000 400,000
Cost of sales (137,500) (225,000)
Gross profit 112,500 175,000
Administrative expenses (36,050) (44,500)
Distribution expenses (20,200) (24,250)
Finance cost (3,125) (3,125)
Profit before tax 53,125 103,125
Taxation expense (20,000) (40,000)
Profit for the year 33,125 63,125

Statement of Financial Position as at March 31:

Item 2018 (N’000) 2017 (N’000)
Non-current assets:
At cost 136,500 196,000
Accumulated depreciation (36,500) (52,250)
Net non-current assets 100,000 143,750
Current assets:
Inventory 79,250 20,750
Trade receivables 50,000 12,500
Bank balance 12,000 91,750
Total current assets 141,250 125,000
Equity and Liabilities:
Equity
Ordinary shares of 50 kobo each 57,500 57,500
Retained earnings 43,000 25,000
Total equity 100,500 82,500
Non-current liabilities:
10% Loan notes 31,250 31,250
12% Redeemable preference shares 5,000
Total non-current liabilities 31,250 36,250
Current liabilities:
Trade payables 18,750 26,875
Taxation 60,000 40,000
Bank overdraft 30,750 83,125
Total current liabilities 109,500 150,000
Total equity and liabilities 241,250 268,750

Additional Information:
(i) Dividend paid to Equity holders: N15,125,000 (2018) and N21,375,000 (2017).
(ii) Drop in market price per share: 36 kobo (2017) to 24 kobo (2018).
(iii) Finance cost relates to interest paid on 10% loan notes.

Required:
(a) Calculate in columnar form, for the two relevant years the following financial ratios:

  • Return on capital employed (ROCE)
  • Net profit margin (use profit after tax)
  • Current ratio
  • Quick ratio
  • Debt ratio
  • Fixed interest cover
  • Dividend cover
  • Dividend yield
    (12 Marks)

(b) Comment on the profitability and short-term liquidity of the company based on the ratios calculated.
(4 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SB – Q3 – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Calculate the current tax expense, deferred tax liability, and tax expense components for Yemnike Nigeria Ltd.

Yemnike Nigeria Limited has an accounting profit before taxation of N225 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The following are extracts of the financial position of Yemnike Nigeria Limited as at December 31, 2017:

Non-Current Assets:

Item N’000
Building 157,500
Plant and machinery 250,000
Assets held under finance lease 200,000

Receivables:

Item N’000
Trade receivables 182,500
Interest receivable 2,500

Payables:

Item N’000
Fines 25,000
Finance lease obligation 216,000
Interest payable 8,250

The following information is relevant:

  1. The building was acquired by the company at a cost of N175 million at the start of the year, and it is depreciated at 10% per annum on a straight-line basis. The company’s tax consultants have stated that the company can claim N105 million capital allowance this year on the building.
  2. The balance of plant and machinery is after providing for depreciation of N30 million, and the capital allowance claimable on it is N25 million.
  3. The asset held under finance lease was acquired during the year. Rental expense for the lease is tax deductible. The annual lease rental is N72 million and was paid on December 31, 2017. The depreciation policy for leased assets is 20% per annum on a straight-line basis. The annual finance charge is N36.667 million.
  4. The receivables figure is shown net of an allowance for doubtful balances of N17.5 million. A deduction for debt is only allowed for tax purposes when the debtor enters liquidation.
  5. Interest income is taxed, and interest expense is allowable both on a cash basis. There were no opening balances for interest receivable and payable.
  6. Provisions for fines and penalties are not allowable deductions for tax purposes.

Required:
(a) Calculate the current tax expense for the period.
(b) Calculate the deferred tax liability as at December 31, 2017.
(c) Prepare notes showing the component of the tax expense for the year.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SB – Q2b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Anambra Ltd and Omambala Ltd.

Anambra Limited acquired 80% of Omambala Limited’s ordinary shares for N210 million on January 1, 2013. On the acquisition date, the retained earnings of Omambala Limited were N105 million. The fair value of non-controlling interest in Omambala Limited at the date of acquisition was N56 million. The financial statements of the two companies for the year ended December 31, 2017, are as follows:

Anambra Limited:

Item N’000
Non-current Assets 210,000
Investments 280,000
Current Assets:
Inventories 56,000
Trade and other receivables 42,000
Cash and cash equivalents 7,000
Total Assets 595,000
Share Capital 56,000
Share Premium 14,000
Retained Earnings 206,500
Loan Notes 210,000
Trade Payables 108,500
Total Equity and Liabilities 595,000

Omambala Limited:

Item N’000
Non-current Assets 157,500
Current Assets:
Inventories 52,500
Trade and other receivables 98,000
Cash and cash equivalents 17,500
Total Assets 325,500
Share Capital 42,000
Share Premium 7,000
Retained Earnings 175,000
Loan Notes 59,500
Trade Payables 42,000
Total Equity and Liabilities 325,500

Additional information:

  1. Anambra Limited sold goods to Omambala Limited for N35 million with a gross profit margin of 25%. As of December 31, 2017, 40% of the goods were still in Omambala Limited’s inventory.
  2. The fair values of Omambala’s net assets are equal to their carrying amounts at the acquisition date, except for land, which was included at a cost of N105 million and had a fair value of N126 million.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Anambra Limited group as at December 31, 2017.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SB – Q2a – Earnings Per Share (IAS 33)

State examples of potential ordinary shares according to IAS 33.

IAS 33 on earnings per share defines potential ordinary shares as a financial instrument or other contract that may entitle its holder to ordinary shares at some time in the future.

Required:
State three examples of potential ordinary shares according to IAS 33.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SA – Q1b – Statement of Cash Flows (IAS 7)

Compare the direct and indirect methods of preparing a statement of cash flows.

Compare the direct and indirect methods of preparing a statement of cash flows.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – SA – Q1a – Statement of Cash Flows (IAS 7)

Prepare a statement of cash flows for Oshodi Nigeria Ltd using the indirect method and IAS 7.

The financial statements of OSHODI Nigeria Limited for the year ended May 13, 2017, are as follows:

Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended May 31, 2017:

Item N’m
Revenue 3,820
Cost of sales (2,620)
Gross profit 1,200
Operating expenses (300)
Profit before interest and tax 900
Interest (30)
Profit before tax 870
Taxation (270)
Net profit 600

Statement of Financial Position as at May 31, 2017 (with comparative figures for 2016):

Assets 2017 N’m 2016 N’m
Non-Current Assets
Property, plant, and equipment 1,890 1,830
Intangible assets 650 300
Total non-current assets 2,540 2,130
Current Assets
Inventory 1,420 940
Accounts receivable 990 680
Cash 70 Nil
Total current assets 2,480 1,620
Total Assets 5,020 3,750

Equity and Liabilities:

Equity 2017 N’m 2016 N’m
Ordinary shares of N1 each 750 500
Share premium 300 100
Revaluation reserve 190 Nil
Retained earnings 1,610 1,400
Total equity 2,850 2,000

OSHODI NIGERIA LIMITED
Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended May 31 2017

Notes to the financial statements:
(1) Cost of sales includes depreciation of property, plant and equipment of N320 million and a
loss on the sale of plant of N50 million. It also includes a credit for the amortisation of
government grants. Operating expenses include a charge of N20 million for the amortisation
of goodwill

(2)

(3)

(4)

The following additional information is relevant:
(i) Intangible assets:
The company successfully completed the development of a new product during the current
year, capitalising a further N500 million before amortisation charges for the period.

(ii) Property, plant and equipment/revaluation reserve:
The company revalued its buildings by N200 million on June 1 2016. The surplus was
credited to revaluation reserve.

  • New plant was acquired during the year at a cost of N250 million and a government grant
    of N50 million was received for the plant.
  • On June 1, 2016, a bonus issue of 1 new share for every 10 held was made from the share
    premium.
  • N10 million has been transferred from the revaluation reserve to realized profits as a year-end adjustment in respect of the additional depreciation created by the revaluation.
  • The remaining movement on property, plant and equipment was due to the disposal of
    obsolete plant.

(iii) Share issue:
In addition to the bonus issue referred to above, Oshodi Nigeria Limited made a further issue
of ordinary shares for cash.

Required:
Prepare the statement of cash flows for Oshodi Nigeria Limited for the year ended May 31, 2017, using the indirect method according to IAS 7.

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QT – Nov 2018 – L1 – Q7 – Probability

Calculate expected returns for investments, determine optimal strategy, and analyze student error distribution.

Royal Driving School is considering investing in a profitable project. The school is given the following investment alternatives and percentage rates of return.

Over the past 300 days, market conditions have been moderate for 150 days and good for 60 days.

Required:
i) Calculate the expected return for each type of investment. (4 marks)
ii) Determine the optimum investment strategy for Royal Driving School. (3 marks)

b) The number of errors made by 294 students of Royal Driving School in their first attempt at a driving test is grouped in the following frequency distribution:

Number of Errors Number of Students
7 – 13 3
14 – 20 12
21 – 27 23
28 – 34 44
35 – 41 54
42 – 48 56
49 – 55 43
56 – 62 24
63 – 69 23
70 – 76 12

Required:
i) Compute an estimate of the mean and mode for the distribution. (3 marks)
ii) Construct an ogive for the distribution. (4 marks)
iii) Using the ogive in (ii) above, estimate the median for the distribution. (3 marks)
iv) Use the ogive in (ii) above to estimate the percentage of errors within one standard deviation of the mean. (3 marks)

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QT – Nov 2018 – L1 – Q6b – Forecasting

Calculate the moving average, trend values, seasonal variation, and forecast membership.

Membership of Pro Amalion, a network of professional volunteers, has grown over the years but in the months of the second quarter, there was always a decline. The table below shows membership records for a period of four years:

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Year 1 713 694 735 755
Year 2 767 733 766 780
Year 3 787 755 798 814
Year 4 816 790 826 843

Required:
i) Calculate the centered four-quarterly moving average of membership. (4 marks)
ii) Using a least squares trend equation based on (i) above, calculate the trend values. (5 marks)
iii) Using (ii) above, calculate the percentage seasonal variation and the average seasonal variation of membership. (5 marks)
iv) Determine the seasonally adjusted forecast of membership for each of the four quarters of Year 5. (4 marks)

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