Series: AUG 2022

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q8 – Controlling Risk

Explain the ISO 31000 risk management framework and the OECD principles relevant to Bazar's governance concerns.

The Director of Finance and Operations, Mrs. Emma Owusu-Kwakye, is concerned about the lack of a “standardised risk management system” and “good corporate governance” at Bazar. Following Continuous Professional Development (CPD) training organised recently by the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG), on this subject and attended by you as a member of the Finance Team, duly paid for from Bazar’s training budget:

Required:
You have been asked by management to brief your finance team members on the following:

i) The International Standardisation for Organisation (ISO 31000) framework for risk management using the three (3) main elements. (5 marks)
ii) TWO (2) out of the Six OECD principles of Corporate Governance. (5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q7 – Ethics and Social Responsibility

Explanation of remuneration policies in Ghana’s Code of Best Practices and their implications for corporate governance at Bazar.

Remuneration packages should attract individuals to a company and persuade them to work for the company. Ghana’s Code of Best Practices makes three statements about remuneration policy. The Code adds that the remuneration level for individual directors should reflect their experiences and the level of responsibilities they undertake.

Required:
i) Explain the three statements about remuneration as stated in the Ghana’s Code of Best Practices policy to support Bazar management engagement with the General Welfare Committee (GWC). (6 marks)

ii) Explain to the management of Bazar why executive remuneration is a governance issue. (4 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q6 – Strategy Implementation

Application of Lewin's change model to propose a transformation plan for Bazar's management style from authoritarian to a more open style.

The management style of Bazar is in transition from a somehow authoritarian style described by some managers as almost autocratic and militaristic to a more ‘open’ style that encourages managers and supervisors to seek ideas from staff and to operate in an informal manner.

Required:
Using Lewin’s Model for Managing Change, (unfreeze, change, re-freeze) suggest an approach to introducing planned transformational change in the management style of Bazar.

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5 – Financial Management

Prepare Little Bee’s financial forecast and calculate its gearing ratios, explaining their significance to Bazar.

Using the additional information presented by AB Consult & Associate to the Director of Finance and Operations, Mrs. Emma Owusu-Kwakye, on 4 August, prepare the following:

i) Little Bee new forecasted Statement of financial performance after the changes that will be discussed at the board meeting on the 5 August 2022. (4 marks)
ii) Calculate the operating gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage increase in profit before interest and tax divided by the percentage increase in sales. (2 marks)
iii) Calculate the financial gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage change in total earnings (or EPS) to the percentage increase in profit before interest and tax. (2 marks)
iv) Calculate the Combined gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage change in total earnings (or EPS) to the percentage increase in sales. (2 marks)
v) Explain the significance of operating gearing and financial gearing to the management of Bazar. (10 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Competitive Advantage

Explains the five primary activities of Porter's value chain and their relevance to Bazar's business processes.

Within an entity, there is a primary value chain and there are support activities (also called secondary value chain). Porter identified five primary value chain activities which can be applied to a retailing company such as Bazar.

Required:
Using the concept of the value chain, explain using a diagram the FIVE (5) primary value chain as explained by Porter to the management of Bazar highlighting their relevance. (10 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Conflicts of interest and ethical conflict resolution

Explains whistleblowing and what an employee should consider before whistleblowing in Bazar.

“Whistleblowing” means reporting suspicions of illegal or improper behaviour to a person in authority.

Required:
In relation to the comments above, explain to the Director of Human Resources and Organisational Culture, Mrs. Raju Asha, the consequences of comments recorded by an employee. Additionally, advise the employee on what he/she should consider before deciding on “blowing the whistle” and the potential difficulties that the staff might encounter.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Strategy Implementation

A report detailing the advantages of acquisition and mergers as a growth strategy versus internal development for Bazar.

In discussing the report presented by AB Consult & Associate, the Director of Finance and Operations made a strong point for acquisition and mergers as a growth strategy instead of internal development. She gave her full support to the decision to acquire the 20 stores.

Required:
Write a report detailing the advantages of an acquisition and mergers method of growth instead of an internal development. Conclude your report by explaining why the financial position and financial performance of Bazar will support or not support the decision to acquire the 20 stores.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1b – Strategy implementation

Explanation of four organizational configurations identified by Mintzberg and their relevance in supporting change management at Bazar.

The organisational structure of Bazar is ‘family centric management’ while not interested
in changing the structure any time soon. It is important to recognise that the most suitable
organisation structure depends partly on circumstances and partly on management
preference. An organisation structure can therefore be changed.
Required: 

Mintzberg identified six different organizational configurations. Explain to Bazar management FOUR (4) of these organizational configurations suitable to support the change management process highlighting the differences.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1a – Strategy, stakeholders, and mission

Explanation and illustration of Mintzberg’s five organizational building blocks and their relevance to Bazar's organizational structure.

The organisational structure of Bazar is ‘family centric management’ while not interested
in changing the structure any time soon. It is important to recognise that the most suitable
organisation structure depends partly on circumstances and partly on management
preference. An organisation structure can therefore be changed.
Required:
Using the Mintzberg’s five building blocks for organizational configurations, explain and illustrate with a diagram to the management of Bazar, why management needs to review its current organization structure in order to coordinate its business activities and work processes effectively.

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  • 10 Marks

AA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q5c – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Distinguishes between Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs in the audit report and explains communication requirements.

ISA 706 (Revised): Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter(s) paragraphs in the Independent Auditor’s Report requires that an auditor’s report may include an “emphasis of matter” paragraph and/or an “other matter” paragraph.

Required:
Distinguish between Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs, showing clearly requirements of Audit Report and communication with those charged with governance.

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  • 10 Marks

BMIS – Aug 2022 – L1 – Q1a – Professional ethics in accounting and business

Explains five duties expected of those charged with governance in an organization.

In 2017, some financial institutions in Ghana were placed under receivership. This was mainly due to poor corporate governance practices. Some of these practices were in clear violation of the duties and responsibilities of those charged with governance.

Required:

Explain FIVE (5) duties those charged with governance were expected to perform.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5c – Current issues

Discuss reasons for management’s reluctance to disclose material uncertainty and the auditor's responsibility when going concern assumption is inappropriate.

If indications are identified which suggest that the going concern basis might not be appropriate for preparing financial statements, the auditor is required by ISA 570 (Revised): Going Concern to consider the implications for his audit report. The form of the report will depend on the auditor’s judgement.

There are two possible views:

  1. The use of the going concern is appropriate but material uncertainty exists or
  2. The use of the going concern assumption is inappropriate.

Required:
i) Discuss THREE (3) reasons why management of a client’s company will probably be reluctant to include the disclosure about material uncertainty in relation to the going concern assumption.
(3 marks)

ii) State the auditor’s responsibility where the use of the going concern assumption is inappropriate.
(2 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5b – Audit evidence

Explain the relevance of CAATs in evaluating audit evidence.

Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) is a growing field within the IT audit profession. CAATs is the practice of using computers to automate the IT audit processes.

Required:
Explain THREE (3) relevance of CAATs in evaluating audit evidence.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5a – Current issues

State eight requirements of the corporate governance directives aimed at improving corporate governance in the rural banking sector.

To address the protracted gaps and promote robust corporate governance practices in the rural banking sector, the Bank of Ghana issued Corporate Governance Directives for Rural and Community Banks in May 2021.

Required:
State EIGHT (8) of the requirements of the corporate governance directives aimed at improving Corporate Governance in the rural banking sector.

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Audit evidence

Discuss the implications of fraud on audit completion and the sufficiency of audit evidence for development costs.

You are the Senior Manager of Posterity Chartered Accountants. Security-Watch Ltd is an audit client of your firm, and the audit for the financial year ended 31 December 2021 is at the completion stage. The company installs and maintains security systems for businesses and residential customers.

Materiality for the audit of the company’s financial statements has been determined to be GH¢600,000. You are reviewing the audit working papers, and have gathered the following information:

Fraud
The Company’s Finance Director has informed the audit team that during the year, a fraud was suspected to have been committed by a Finance Officer, Ama Fofie, in the procurement department of the company. The Finance Officer is alleged to have raised fictitious supplier invoices and paid the invoiced amounts into her personal bank account. When questioned by the company’s Finance Director, Ama Fofie is alleged to have confessed that she had stolen GH¢50,000 from the company. The Finance Director asked the audit team not to perform any procedures in relation to the alleged fraudulent act, as the amount is immaterial. The Finance Director also stated that the financial statements would not be adjusted in relation to the fraud.
The only audit evidence on file is a written representation from management acknowledging the existence of the fraud, and a list of the fictitious invoices which is alleged to have been raised by Ama Fofie, provided by the Finance Director. The audit working papers conclude that the fraud is immaterial and that no further work is needed.
(6 marks)

Development Costs
In July 2021, the company commenced the development of a new security system, and incurred expenditure of GH¢1,000,000 up to the financial year end, which has been capitalised as an intangible non‑current asset. The only audit evidence obtained in relation to this balance is as follows:

  • Attachment of a sample of the costs included in the GH¢1,000,000 capitalised to supporting documentation such as supplier invoices.
  • Cash flow projection for the project, which indicates that a positive cash flow will be generated by 2022. The projection has been arithmetically checked.
  • A written representation from management stating that ‘management considers that the development of this new product will be successful’.

You are aware that when the Finance Director was asked about the cash flow projection which he had prepared, he was reluctant to answer questions, simply saying that ‘the assumptions underlying the projection have been agreed to be assumptions contained in the company’s business plan’. He provided a spreadsheet showing the projection, but the underlying information could not be accessed as the file was password protected and the Finance Director would not provide the password to the audit team.

Required:
a) Discuss the implications of the fraud for the completion of the audit, and the actions to be taken by Posterity Chartered Accountants.
(6 marks)

b) In respect of the development costs:
i) Comment on the sufficiency and appropriateness of the audit evidence obtained.
(10 marks)
ii) Recommend TWO (2) ways Posterity Chartered Accountants could obtain further evidence about the new security system.
(4 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Audit evidence | Professional responsibility and liability

Evaluate audit risks for Pato Plc and discuss the impact of management's refusal to provide written representation.

a) Pato Plc offers internet streaming services for films and TV programs and subscription services. You are the recently appointed Senior Manager of Tinka Partners responsible for the audit of Pato Plc. You are planning the audit as required by ISA 300: Planning an audit of financial statements and have come across these two issues following a discussion between the audit engagement partner and a representative of the client’s management:

Legal Case:
In January 2022, a legal case was initiated against Pato Plc by Filmco Plc, a film production company. Filmco Plc claims that Pato Plc has infringed on its copyright by streaming a film in specific countries for which a license has not been acquired. Pato Plc insists that the film is covered by a general license which was acquired several years ago. Pato Plc’s Finance Director is not willing to recognize the legal claim within the financial statements as he is confident that the claim against the company will not be successful, and he does not want to discuss it further with the audit team, emphasizing that there is no relevant documentation available for evaluation at this time.
(7 marks)

Annual Incentive Scheme:
For several years, Pato Plc has operated an annual incentive scheme for staff, under the terms of which employees are eligible to receive an annual incentive payment linked to the achievement of selected targets. The scheme operates for all employees, with some employees’ targets linked to profitability, while others are aligned to non-financial measures including customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer complaints, among others. Participants in the scheme are entitled to earn a maximum annual incentive payment of 5% of their salary. Approximately 6,590 employees, including the senior executive directors, are entitled to participate in the annual incentive scheme. Last year the average bonus payment was GH¢1,250 per participant.
(7 marks)

Required:
Evaluate the principal audit risk(s) in planning the audit of Pato Plc.

b) The Management of Pato Plc has decided not to provide the audit firm with the written representation for the legal case as they feel that it is unnecessary. The potential provision for the legal case is 6% of profit before tax.
Required:
As the Auditors of Pato Plc, discuss the steps you should take and the impact on the audit report in relation to the refusal to provide the written representation.
(6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Professional responsibility and liability | Practice management

Discuss the audit expectation gap, recommend ways to close it, and evaluate client acceptance decisions for a new audit client.

The potential liability of auditors has become an important topic in recent years, due to the growing complexity of the audit business environment and an increase in legal actions against auditors. One argument put forward to explain the high number of legal actions against auditors is the “expectation gap”.

i) Explain the Audit Expectation Gap and the elements in the Gap.
(4 marks)

ii) Recommend TWO (2) ways of closing the audit expectation gap.
(2 marks)

b) International Standards on Auditing (ISA) defines professional scepticism as an attitude that includes a questioning mind, being alert to conditions which may indicate possible misstatements due to error or fraud and a critical assessment of audit evidence. It explicitly requires auditors to plan and perform an audit with professional scepticism recognising that circumstances may exist that may cause financial statements to be misstated.

Required:

Recommend FOUR (4) approaches or ways that the professional practice firms and auditors could adopt to create the awareness of the importance of professional scepticism and its application.
(4 marks)

c) Opelee Partners, a firm of Chartered Accountants is considering the acceptance of a new client, The Monkoo Group Plc (The Group).

The Group is a listed company, and it has a total of 14 subsidiaries, 10 of which are foreign subsidiaries. The Group is a food processing company and each of its foreign subsidiaries provides a particular ingredient used in the Group’s main processing plant, which is based in Ghana. The subsidiaries produce raw ingredients including corn, wheat, vegetables, and nuts.

If Opelee Partners decides to accept the appointment, it will perform the audit of the Group’s consolidated financial statements, and that of the financial statements of some of the individual subsidiaries. The Group audit committee has suggested that, in order to keep the audit fee as low as possible, Opelee Partners could audit the companies based in Ghana but the foreign subsidiaries would be audited by local firms. These foreign subsidiaries contribute 60% to the Group’s total assets.

As the Managing Partner of Opelee Partners, you have also obtained the following information from an internet search regarding the Group:

  • Local protestors: One subsidiary, Konti Plc, has been accused of environmental damage, due to its operations impacting on the rainforest and causing harm to wildlife. There have been some protests by concerned citizens in the country where Konti Plc is located. Digital recordings of these protests have spread world-wide on social media.
  • Expansion of operations: The Group has recently expanded its operations in a certain country by acquiring a large area of land on which to grow wheat. To receive government approval for the acquisition, a significant ‘incentive payment’ was made to a government minister. This has been reported widely in the media.

Required:

Evaluate the matters Opelee Partners should consider before accepting the audit of The Group under the following areas:

i) The audit firm’s capabilities
(4 marks)

ii) Ethical issues
(4 marks)

iii) Client integrity
(2 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – AUG 2022 – L2 – Q5 – Cash management | Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management | Working Capital Management

Analyzes cash management using the Miller-Orr model, explains motives for holding cash, and discusses the advantages of currency forwards over futures.

a) Adjei Departmental Stores’ demand for cash has been quite volatile recently, with the standard deviation in daily cash demand rising to GH¢60,000. The managers of the company are therefore considering using the Miller-Orr model to manage its cash flows. The minimum cash balance would be set to GH¢300,000. The annual interest rate is expected to be 18.25% while the cost of trading investments in securities is GH¢10,000 per transaction.

Required:
i) Compute the cash return point. (4 marks)
ii) Compute the upper cash limit. (2 marks)
iii) Explain how the minimum cash limit, upper cash limit, and cash return point would be used to manage the cash balances of Adjei Departmental Stores. (3 marks)

b) The Founder of a growing technology company has questioned her Chief Finance Officer about the company’s holdings of cash in demand deposit accounts and on hand when the money could be invested in financial securities for returns.

Required:
Explain to the Founder THREE (3) motives for holding cash. (6 marks)

c) Serwaa Home Décor Ltd, a trading company based in Ghana, usually buys foreign currency to settle invoices for imports. The Treasury Manager is considering ways of hedging the company’s foreign currency risk exposures. After considering various options available to her, she has settled on both forwards and futures contracts.

Required:
Explain TWO (2) advantages of currency forwards over currency futures contract. (5 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – AUG 2022 – L2 – Q4 – Capital structure

Evaluates the decision between leasing and buying, calculates NPV, and explains the benefits of listing on the stock market.

a) Lease or Buy decision could be a tough call to make, especially considering that different industries benefit more than others from leasing or buying outright depending on the specific needs of that sector.

Freda Automobile (Freda), an emerging automobile company has taken a decision to provide a new Toyota Land Cruiser for its Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The company is considering whether to buy or lease. The Toyota Land Cruiser has a useful life of six years and will cost GH¢1,000,000 to buy and will be funded with a bank loan. The Finance Director provided the borrowing interest rate for the loan at 22% per annum. The annual repairs and maintenance cost when the V8 is bought is GH¢18,000. The corporate tax rate is currently 25% paid in the same year the profit is made. The capital allowance on the V8 is 25% per annum on reducing balance basis.

Alternatively, the Toyota Land Cruiser could be leased at a rental cost of GH¢250,000 per annum for six years payable at the beginning of each year.

Required:
i) Explain TWO (2) reasons why Freda will prefer leasing option to outright buy. (4 marks)
ii) Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for the buy option. (5 marks)
iii) Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for the lease option. (4 marks)
iv) Based on your computations in ii) and iii) above, advise management which option should be considered. (2 marks)

b) The Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) market has recently been intensifying its public education for Ghanaian companies to list on the stock market to raise the needed capital for expansion and growth. You have been approached by owners of Asafo Ghana Ltd who have expressed interest in getting listed on the stock market but have limited knowledge on what they stand to benefit by listing their company on the market.

Required:
Explain FOUR (4) advantages Asafo Ghana Ltd could derive from listing on GSE. (5 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – AUG 2022 – L2 – Q3 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Calculate interest rates, required sinking fund contributions, and identifies currency risk exposure with recommended hedging strategies.

a) Jeanne Cosmetics Ltd is located in Taifa and is now considered as the leader of organic and natural cosmetic products in the municipality. Per the cash management policy of Jeanne Cosmetics Ltd, any excess cash that is idle for more than three months should be invested. Three months ago, the company invested GH¢100,000 of idle cash in a 3-month fixed deposit account. The investment matures today, and the company will receive a maturity value of GH¢105,000.

Required:
i) Compute the interest rate earned on the account over the investment holding period. (2 marks)
ii) Suppose the interest rate on the account remains the same, and the company rolls over the principal, compute the annual simple interest rate on the investment. (2 marks)
iii) Suppose the interest rate on the account remains the same and the company rolls over both the principal and interests, compute the annual compound interest rate on the investment. (2 marks)

b) Apphia Fabrics Ltd plans to replace its existing manufacturing plant with a newer version in three years’ time. The replacement cost of the existing plant is GH¢10 million currently. However, experts forecast that the cost of the newer version of the plant will be GH¢12 million in three years’ time.

On the advice of the Finance Manager, the company will start saving from now to raise the required amount to buy the plant in three years’ time. Consequently, the company has signed an investment agreement with DT Financial Services Ltd. Per the agreement, the company will deposit equal amounts into an interest-bearing account at the beginning of each of the next three years. The annual nominal interest rate on the account is 16%, but interest will be compounded monthly.

Required:
Compute the equal annual deposit required to raise the required amount in three years’ time. (4 marks)

c) Aduro Pharmaceuticals Plc is a Ghana-based multinational company with a production facility in India and marketing subsidiaries in some West African countries. The Treasury Department of the company is considering strategies for managing its foreign exchange risk exposures. In particular, the Treasury Department is concerned about the following two cases of foreign exchange risk exposures:

Case 1:
The exchange rate between the Ghanaian cedi (GH¢) and the British pound sterling (GBP) is currently GH¢8.1125/GBP1. The company recently borrowed GBP500,000 from an offshore bank to buy active chemicals for the production of paracetamol syrup. The loan is to be paid in six months’ time. Market pundits project that the Ghanaian cedi would depreciate against the pound sterling over the next six months.

Case 2:
The exchange rate between the Ghanaian cedi (GH¢) and the Indian rupee (INR) is currently GH¢0.0799/INR1. The company’s production subsidiary in India presents its financial statements in the Indian rupee. The net worth of this production subsidiary in India is INR20 million. The company would be preparing its consolidated financial statements in a few months’ time. Market pundits project that the Ghanaian cedi will appreciate against the Indian rupee.

Required:
i) For each case, identify the type of currency risk exposure the company is facing. (2 marks)
ii) In respect of Case 1, recommend TWO (2) internal strategies and TWO (2) external hedging strategies the Treasury Department can use to manage the foreign exchange risk exposure. (8 marks)

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