Question Tag: Public Financial Management

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5c – Functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority

Explains four functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority (SIGA) in overseeing state entities.

The Nine Hundred and Ninetieth Act of the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana entitled the State Interests and Governance Authority Act, 2019 was established to oversee and administer state interests in state-owned enterprises, joint venture companies, and other state entities and to provide for related matters.

Required:

Explain FOUR functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority (SIGA).

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Public Financial Management Regulations

Explains the provisions in PFM Regulation 2019 for a Principal Spending Officer in the payment process and differentiates between misapplication and misappropriation of funds.

a) The Public Financial Management Regulation makes the Principal Spending Officer (PSO) personally responsible for all payments of the covered entity. To mitigate possible risk exposure of the PSO during the payment process, the regulations provide guidance to assist approving authorities before signing off any payment.

In recent times, the Auditor-General has faulted PSOs for infractions such as misapplication of funds, misappropriation of funds, and partially accounted payments among others. Similar observations were cited in the 2023 Management Letter of Nipa Ye Municipal Assembly.

Required:

i) With reference to the PFM Regulation 2019, LI 2378, explain the provisions available to the PSO in the payment process before approval.

ii) Distinguish between misapplication of funds and misappropriation of funds as used by the Auditor-General with an example each.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Public Financial Management Cycle

Explaining objectives and improvements in public financial management systems.

As part of efforts to improve public financial management, the government has engaged experts to evaluate the entire public financial management cycle. The review report indicates that every component of the cycle is malfunctioning and emphasizes the need for a stronger commitment to building a robust system to achieve the desired outcomes.

Required:

i) Explain THREE key objectives of an orderly and open public financial management system.

ii) Recommend TWO ways of enhancing each stage of the public financial management cycle towards the attainment of desired outcomes.

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  • 5 Marks

FM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Procurement and Tendering Procedures

Discuss circumstances under which single-source procurement is appropriate and functions of the Entity Tender Committee.

The Farms and Gardens Authority (FGA), a public entity, wants to buy 100 computers and 20 printers for its administrative offices. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is considering using the single-source procurement method to procure the computers and printers while pushing back on the recommendations of the Entity Tender Committee.

Required:

i) State TWO circumstances under which single-source procurement would be appropriate for the goods the FGA wants to procure.

ii) Advise the CEO on TWO functions the Entity Tender Committee is expected to perform in the FGA’s procurements.

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  • 5 Marks

ICMA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5b – Budgeting Models and Systems

Explain the benefits of GIFMIS to the government of Ghana.

Efforts to improve Public Financial Management (PFM) Systems in Ghana led to the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), which is an adaptation of the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS). The rationale of GIFMIS is to establish an integrated ICT-based PFM system in Ghana at national, regional, and district levels.

Required:

State FOUR benefits of GIFMIS to the government of Ghana.

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  • 10 Marks

PSA&F – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q6a – Government Revenue

Explains three ways to authorize payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF) and discusses two statutory payments permitted by law to be charged directly to the CRF.

The objective of public financial management is to safeguard public funds from mismanagement. One way to achieve this is by ensuring that payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF) are properly authorized.

Required:

  • Identify and explain THREE ways to authorize payments from the CRF.
  • Discuss TWO statutory payments that can be charged directly to the CRF.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q6a – Public Sector Reforms

Identify five objectives each of GIFMIS and IPPIS under Nigeria's Public Financial Management reforms.

In July 2003, the Federal Government commenced the implementation of deliberate policies, programmes, and projects aimed at strengthening the economy, governance, and fighting corruption. This led to the first Economic Reform and Governance Project (ERGP) initiative, approved in December 2004, in line with FGN’s goal to strengthen governance, accountability, reduce corruption, and deliver services more effectively. This brought about reforms in the public sector of the economy. The Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) and Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) are parts of the Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms approved in 2004.

Required:
Identify five objectives each of Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) and Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS). (10 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q3d – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting.

Explain four methods used by the government to ensure compliance with budgetary control regulations.

The budgetary control function ensures effective control over government units in public spending and accountability for all funds, property, and other assets for which each department or agency is responsible.
Required:
Explain FOUR methods used by the government to ensure that government entities comply with budgetary control regulations. (4 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q3b – Accounting policies for cash and accrual-based accounting systems.

Explain four circumstances where the Controller and Accountant General can reject payment requisitions by MDAs.

The Controller and Accountant General or an officer appointed by him has the legal authority to reject a requisition submitted by Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) for payment.
Required:
Explain FOUR circumstances that will compel the Controller and Accountant General or an officer appointed by him to reject a requisition submitted by an MDA for payment. (4 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q3a – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting.

Explain four significant principles of budget hearing that align MDA budget proposals with government macroeconomic policy.

a) Budget hearing is a critical activity in the budget process which is conducted to review strategic plans and estimates of the departments in order to ensure that these plans and estimates are in accordance with the government’s macroeconomic policy framework.

Required:

Explain FOUR significant principles of Budget Hearing that ensures that Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) prepare their budget proposals in accordance with the government macroeconomic policy framework.

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  • 6 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q2c – Public Procurement

Explain circumstances where competitive tendering may not be appropriate and suggest alternative procurement methods.

The District Chief Executive (DCE) of Coaltar District Assembly on his appointment has no knowledge in public financial management, including public procurement. Prior to his appointment, he was an ardent listener of the proceedings of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament, and he realized that most heads of departments were often blamed for not using the competitive tendering process in procurement.

On assumption of office, he gave a strong directive that all procurements in the Assembly should go through a competitive tendering process and that not even a pesewa purchase should take place outside this directive. He insisted that public procurement should produce value for money.

Required:
As the District Finance Officer (DFO) of Coaltar District Assembly,
i) Write a memorandum to the new District Chief Executive explaining THREE circumstances under which the directive will not be appropriate. (3 marks)
ii) Suggest any other THREE methods of procurement that may be appropriate and lawful in the absence of a competitive tendering process. (3 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

PSAF – May 2016 – L2 – Q2d – The Context of Public Financial Management

Discuss methods proposed by New Public Management for public financial management and explain the objectives and challenges of government regulatory and financial reporting frameworks.

The New Public Management concept in the public sector aims at structural, organisational, and managerial changes in public financial management.

Required:
Identify TWO methods proposed by this new management system to improve public financial management. (2 marks)

ii) The intention, methods, and procedures of the regulatory and financial reporting framework of government are meant to ensure that the objectives of public institutions and the government are achieved.

Required:
Explain TWO objectives of the government regulatory and financial reporting framework. (2 marks)

iii) Explain ONE major challenge that may affect the implementation of the objectives of effective financial reporting. (1 mark)

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  • 5 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q5c – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting

Outlines key issues that should be specified in a Fiscal Strategy Document as required by the Public Financial Management Act.

The Minister of Finance shall, not later than the end of May of each financial year, prepare and submit to Cabinet for approval, a Fiscal Strategy Document.

Required:
Outline FIVE (5) issues that should be specified in the Fiscal Strategy Document.
(5 marks)

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  • 7 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting

Explains the concept of virement in public financial management and discusses the prohibitions on its use under the Public Financial Management Act, 2016.

A principal spending officer is of the view that the organization can always carry out unbudgeted activities, programs, and projects through the use of virement. He argues that virement is a smart way of going around the rigid rules that govern national budget implementation.

Required:
i) Explain virement as a tool in public financial management.
(3 marks)

ii) Discuss the prohibitions on the use of virement under the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921).
(4 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q3a – Public expenditure and financial accountability framework

Describes the scope and goals of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework.

The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) program was initiated in 2001 by seven international development partners: The European Commission, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and the governments of France, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. PEFA began as a means to harmonize the assessment of PFM across the partner organizations. It subsequently established a standard methodology for PFM diagnostic assessments, the PEFA framework. Since 2001, PEFA has become the acknowledged standard for PFM assessments.

Required:
Describe the scope and goals of the PEFA framework.

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  • 3 Marks

PSAF – March 2024 – L2 – Q5b – The context of public financial management

Discuss the constitutional provisions for authorizing withdrawals from public funds.

The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana is the supreme framework for public financial management in Ghana. To protect the public purse, the Constitution makes provision on authorizing withdrawal from public funds.

Required:
In relation to public financial management, discuss THREE (3) ways of authorizing withdrawal from the public funds under the 1992 Constitution. (3 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1b – Public expenditure and financial accountability framework

Discusses the statutory roles of the Internal Audit Agency and Ghana Audit Service in public financial management.

In its quest of deepening public financial management in Ghana, the Government of the Republic, supported by the Development Partners, launched a reform project in the year 2003, called Public Financial Management Reform Programme (PUFMARP). This programme produced, among others, two important legislations to regulate internal and external audit practice in the public sector. These are Internal Audit Agency Act, 2003 (Act 658) and Audit Service Act, 2000 (Act 584) respectively.

Required:
Enumerate THREE (3) statutory roles each of Internal Audit Agency and Ghana Audit Service.
(10 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Accounting policies for cash and accrual-based accounting systems

Explains the assertion that cash basis information can be derived from accrual basis accounting and discusses how accrual accounting provides superior cash information.

In a recent meeting held to discuss the implementation of accrual basis of accounting in your entity, the principal spending officer was apprehensive about how the change from cash basis to accrual basis would impact on accountability for cash. The Director of Finance convinced him that accrual basis provides much superior cash information about the entity and therefore there is no need to be concerned about the transition from cash accounting to accrual accounting. He further stated that “cash basis information could be derived from accrual basis accounting”.

Required:
i) Explain the assertion that “cash basis information can be derived from accrual basis accounting” as stated by the Director of Finance. (4 marks)
ii) Discuss how accrual accounting provides superior cash information about an entity. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – March 2024 – L2 – Q3 – PEFA Framework and Budget Performance Report

Discuss the benefits of the PEFA framework, sources of information for PEFA assessment, and the preparation and interpretation of a budget performance report.

a) The Public Financial Management Regulation, LI 2378 defines Public Financial Management (PFM) as laws, rules, systems, and processes used by the Government to mobilize revenue, allocate public funds, undertake public spending, account for funds, and audit results. In 2001, a group of development partners initiated the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework to assess the status of public financial management at central and local government levels. Since then, Ghana has subjected itself to periodic assessments in an attempt to improve the country’s PFM system.

Required:
i) Discuss FOUR (4) benefits the use of the PEFA framework can bring to a country. (6 marks)
ii) Explain FOUR (4) sources of information for PEFA assessment. (4 marks)

 

b) Budget Performance Report is one of the major accountability provisions under the Public Financial Management laws. Regulation 215(2) of the Public Financial Management Regulation, 2019, LI 2378 provides that each Principal Account Holder shall not later than 31 March of the ensuing year submit an annual budget performance report to parliament. The following is an extract from the GIFMIS platform representing Government of Ghana funding for the Ministry of Sanitation for the year 2023.

Budget Item Annual Appropriation (GH¢’000) YTD Warrant (GH¢’000) YTD Payments (GH¢’000)
Compensation of Employees 25,500 18,280 17,450
Goods and Services 5,000 3,450 3,400
Capital Expenditure 8,780 1,220 550
Total 39,280 22,950 21,400

Required:
i) Explain the meaning of Annual Appropriation and YTD Warrant to the Principal Account Holder of the ministry. (2 marks)
ii) Enumerate TWO (2) issues that should be specified in the Annual Budget Performance Report to be submitted by the Principal Account Holder according to the Regulations 215 of LI 2378. (2 marks)
iii) Prepare a Statement of Budget Performance Report for the year 2023 showing the budget-warrant outturns and warrant utilization rates. (3 marks)
iv) Interpret the budget performance statement in (iii) above to facilitate the Minister’s upcoming meeting with the select committee of parliament as required under the law. (3 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

PSAF – Dec 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting

Explain expenditure in advance of appropriation, mid-year review, and commitment in the context of public financial management in Ghana.

Explain the following processes or practices in public financial management in Ghana:

i) Expenditure in advance of appropriation
ii) Mid-year review
iii) Commitment

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