Motivation – Page 2 – NBC Institute

BMF – Nov 2020 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Explanation of reinforcement theory and self-efficacy, and their applications in the business environment.

Question

(a) Describe reinforcement theory and state the main assumption that guides reinforcement theory.
(b) Explain the ways by which reinforcement theory can be employed in the business environment.
(c) What is self-efficacy? State and explain the ways by which levels of self-efficacy impact human functions.

(Total 20 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Behavioral Theory, Motivation, Positive Reinforcement, Reinforcement Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: NOV 2020

BMF – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q18 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Multiple choice question on the management model that emphasizes leadership motivation over monetary incentives.

Question

‘Leadership motivates the people to work and not the power of money’. This concept is related to the

A. Autocratic model
B. Custodial model
C. Supportive model
D. Collegial model
E. Collective bargaining

Answer

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Tags: Leadership, Management Models, Motivation
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2016

BMF – MAY 2015 – L1 – SA – Q14 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Understanding how meeting employee social and psychological needs aligns with organizational goals.

Question

Meeting the social and psychological needs of employees in the fulfilment of organisational goals can be referred to as:

A. Motivating
B. Controlling
C. Organising
D. Planning
E. Coordinating

Answer

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Tags: Employee Needs, Motivation, Organisational Goals, Psychological needs, Social needs
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2015

BMF – May 2015 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

This question tests the understanding of which management theory is closely related to Maslow’s higher-level needs.

Question

Which of the following theories has assumptions that are closely related to Maslow’s higher-level needs?

A. Theory X
B. Theory Y
C. Theory Z
D. Theory XY
E. Theory XYZ

Answer

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Tags: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Motivation, Theories of Management
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2015

BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Understanding the term related to perceived performance and rewards.

Question

The extent to which the individual perceives that effective performance will lead to desired rewards is described as:
A. Expectancy
B. Instrumentality
C. Valence
D. Perception
E. Productivity

Answer

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Tags: Expectancy, Motivation, Rewards
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: NOV 2015

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bi – Extrinsic Rewards

Explain extrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Question

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
i) Extrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Employee Compensation, Motivation, Rewards
Level: Level 1

Topic: Motivation
Series: MAY 2019, NOV 2019

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bii – Intrinsic Rewards

Explain intrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Question

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
ii) Intrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Psychological Rewards
Level: Level 1

Topic: Motivation
Series: NOV 2019

BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Explaining two specific factors determining motivation in Vroom's theory.

Question

According to Vroom’s theory of motivation, state and explain TWO specific factors that determine the strength of an individual’s motivation.

Answer

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Tags: Motivation, Organizational Behaviour, Vroom's Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2022

BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SB – Q6a – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Explanation of the terms motivation and productivity.

Question

Explain the terms “motivation” and “productivity”.

Answer

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Tags: Motivation, Organizational Behaviour, Productivity
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2022

BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q20 – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Identifying a non-factor of motivation in Process Theory.

Question

According to the Process theory, individuals are motivated differently and the strength of their motivation depends on a variety of factors. Which of the following is NOT a factor of motivation?
A. Wants
B. Rewards
C. Personality
D. Perceptions
E. Expectations

Answer

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Tags: Business Management, Motivation, Process Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2022

BMF – Nov 2022 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

This question covers motivational theories and management responsibility categories.

Question

Employees differ in their basic motivational drive, therefore, it is the responsibility of the manager to find the best way to motivate his or her employees to get work done.

Required:
a. Explain briefly the THREE primary mechanisms of reinforcement theory of motivation and state FOUR factors that shape the culture of an organisation. (10 Marks)
b. State FIVE categories of management responsibility as suggested by Peter Drucker. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Management, Motivation, Peter Drucker, Reinforcement Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: NOV 2022

BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identifies which factor is considered a motivating factor according to Herzberg’s two-factor theory.

Question

Herzberg in his two-factor theory identified two groups of factors causing dissatisfaction or satisfaction with work. Which of the following is a motivating factor?
A. Salary
B. Supervision
C. The work itself
D. Working conditions
E. Relationship with the boss

Answer

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Tags: Herzberg’s Theory, Job Satisfaction, Motivation
Level: Level 1

Series: MAY 2021

BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q11 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identifies which option is not considered a factor of motivation in an organizational context.

Question

Which of the following is NOT a factor of motivation?
A. Wants
B. Rewards
C. Personality
D. Perceptions
E. Expectations

Answer

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Tags: Individual Needs, Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Behavior
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2021

BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SB – Q2 – The Business Environment

Explains the role of bureaucracy in organisations and introduces theories such as game theory and self-regulation theory.

Question

Managers must be well informed that environmental factors are determinants for organisations’ survival and success, as these factors have a bearing on the strategy and other decisions of the organisation.

a. Explain briefly the FOUR features of bureaucracy and state FOUR reasons for the growth of bureaucracy as summarised by Rosemary Stewart.
(10 Marks)

b. Explain briefly the following concepts:
i. Game theory
ii. Self-regulation theory
iii. Motivation
iv. Self-efficacy
v. Scalar chain
(10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Bureaucracy, Environmental Factors, Game Theory, Motivation, Scalar Chain, Self-regulation Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: The Business Environment
Series: NOV 2023

BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identify the term that describes the reason for a particular behavior.

Question

The reason one has for acting or behaving in a particular way is

A. Stimulus
B. Ego
C. Motivation
D. Maturity
E. Emotional intelligence

Answer

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Tags: Behaviour, Motivation, Organizational Behaviour
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: NOV 2023

BMF – May 2024 – L1 – SB – Q5b – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior

Explanation of the implications of expectancy theory for management.

Question

b. Explain briefly THREE implications of expectancy theory for management. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Expectancy Theory, Management, Motivation, Organizational Behavior
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2024

BMF – May 2024 – L1 – SA – Q9 – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior

Determining what a person with a high need for achievement (N-ach) seeks according to McClelland's motivation theory.

Question

According to McClelland motivation theory, a N-ach person seeks:
A. Authority
B. Achievement
C. Power
D. Affiliation
E. Effort

Answer

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Tags: Business Psychology, McClelland Theory, Motivation
Level: Level 1

Topic: Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior
Series: MAY 2024

AFM – Nov 2015 – L3 – Q4 – The use of financial derivatives to hedge against interest rate risk

Assess the advantages and disadvantages of interest rate swaps and recommend a hedging strategy. Also, explain internal factors for transfer pricing.

Question

JB Investments Holding Ltd (JB) is a multinational company that is committed to a policy of expansion into African countries. JB finances foreign projects with loans obtained in the currency in which project cash flows are received. JB financed an operation in Liberia with a syndicated loan of $20 million. Currently, the loan has three years to maturity. The loan requires semiannual interest payments at a fixed rate of 6.5% per annum, but JB prefers a floating interest rate as the pattern of cash flows from the Liberian project has changed.

The Finance Director talked to the creditors about JB’s preference for a floating interest rate. The creditors have agreed to accept a floating rate of LIBOR plus 200 basis points over the remaining three years of the loan term. However, the Finance Director feels that this rate is rather too high considering JB’s credit rating. She is therefore considering two alternatives for managing the interest rate risk exposure.

Alternative 1: Coupon swap with a bank
Engage in a coupon swap with UT Bank through which JB trades-in its fixed rate interest payments obligation for floating rate interest payments. The table below presents UT Bank’s bid and ask quotes for fixed dollar coupon rates:

Loan term to maturity	Bid	Ask	Treasury note (TN) rate
2 years	2-year TN rate + 30 basis points	2-year TN rate + 40 basis points	5.3%
3 years	3-year TN rate + 35 basis points	3-year TN rate + 50 basis points	5.9%
4 years	4-year TN rate + 40 basis points	4-year TN rate + 60 basis points	6.7%
5 years	5-year TN rate + 45 basis points	5-year TN rate + 70 basis points	7.8%

Floating rate quotation: Floating rates are pegged at 6-month dollar LIBOR plus 100 basis points.

Alternative 2: Coupon swap with another multinational company
Engage in a coupon swap with McEwen Ltd, a multinational company that has a floating rate dollar debt but prefers fixed coupon payments. The interest rate on McEwen’s dollar debt is LIBOR plus 150 basis points but it can borrow fixed rate dollars at 8%. Assume JB can borrow floating rate dollars at LIBOR plus 200 basis points.

Required:
(a)
i) Discuss TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of hedging interest rate risk with an interest rate swap. (4 marks)
ii) Based on the restructuring deal with the creditors and the two interest rate swap alternatives, recommend a hedging strategy for interest payments on the $20 million debt. Support your recommendation with relevant computations. (10 marks)

(b) The Board of Directors of JB Investments Holdings Ltd is considering a transfer pricing policy for the transfer of goods and services among the company and its foreign subsidiaries.
Required:
Explain THREE (3) internal factors (motivations) for transfer pricing, which the board should consider in formulating a transfer pricing policy for the company. (6 marks)
(Total = 20 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Interest Rate Swap, Internal Factors, Motivation, Risk Hedging, Transfer Pricing
Level: Level 3

Topic: The use of financial derivatives to hedge against interest rate risk
Series: NOV 2015

BMIS – May 2019 – L1 – Q3a – Teams

State the potential drawbacks of working as a team.

Question

Working as a team is always encouraged. Teams combine the skills of different individuals and avoid complex communication between different business functions. Every member of the team can be a powerful motivator and team loyalty can be used to control the performance and behaviour of individuals. In fact, teams make fewer, but better-evaluated, decisions than individuals.

Required:
Despite all the advantages that are associated with working as a team, state SEVEN (7) potential drawbacks in working as a team. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Communication, Decision Making, Group Dynamics, Motivation, Teamwork
Level: Level 1

Topic: Teams
Series: MAY 2019

BMIS – Jul 2023 – L1 – Q3b – Motivation

Explains the concept of motivation and outlines non-extrinsic measures that managers can adopt to motivate employees.

Question

A major consideration for managers and supervisors today is the problem of getting employees motivated by the introduction of new methods, having come to the realization that the use of extrinsic factors like wages and salaries, bonuses, commissions, and other conditions of work do not motivate individuals whose lower-level needs have been largely satisfied.

Required:
i) In reference to the above statement, explain the term motivation.
i) Outline FOUR (4) measures which a manager can adopt in his attempt to motivate employees rather than the use of extrinsic rewards.

Answer

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Tags: Employee Engagement, Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Behavior
Level: Level 1

Topic: Motivation
Series: JULY 2023

Question Tag: Motivation

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BMF – Nov 2020 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Explanation of reinforcement theory and self-efficacy, and their applications in the business environment.

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BMF – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q18 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Multiple choice question on the management model that emphasizes leadership motivation over monetary incentives.

You're reporting an error for "BMF – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q18 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour"

BMF – MAY 2015 – L1 – SA – Q14 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Understanding how meeting employee social and psychological needs aligns with organizational goals.

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BMF – May 2015 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

This question tests the understanding of which management theory is closely related to Maslow’s higher-level needs.

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BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Understanding the term related to perceived performance and rewards.

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bi – Extrinsic Rewards

Explain extrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bii – Intrinsic Rewards

Explain intrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

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BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Explaining two specific factors determining motivation in Vroom's theory.

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BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SB – Q6a – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Explanation of the terms motivation and productivity.

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BMF – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q20 – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behaviour

Identifying a non-factor of motivation in Process Theory.

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BMF – Nov 2022 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

This question covers motivational theories and management responsibility categories.

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BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identifies which factor is considered a motivating factor according to Herzberg’s two-factor theory.

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BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SA – Q11 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identifies which option is not considered a factor of motivation in an organizational context.

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SB – Q2 – The Business Environment

Explains the role of bureaucracy in organisations and introduces theories such as game theory and self-regulation theory.

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Management, Individual, and Organisational Behaviour

Identify the term that describes the reason for a particular behavior.

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BMF – May 2024 – L1 – SB – Q5b – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior

Explanation of the implications of expectancy theory for management.

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BMF – May 2024 – L1 – SA – Q9 – Management, Individual, and Organizational Behavior

Determining what a person with a high need for achievement (N-ach) seeks according to McClelland's motivation theory.

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AFM – Nov 2015 – L3 – Q4 – The use of financial derivatives to hedge against interest rate risk

Assess the advantages and disadvantages of interest rate swaps and recommend a hedging strategy. Also, explain internal factors for transfer pricing.

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BMIS – May 2019 – L1 – Q3a – Teams

State the potential drawbacks of working as a team.

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BMIS – Jul 2023 – L1 – Q3b – Motivation

Explains the concept of motivation and outlines non-extrinsic measures that managers can adopt to motivate employees.

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