Question Tag: Income Tax

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PT – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Tax Implication of Gift under Income Tax Act

Advise on the tax implications of receiving a gift from a spouse under the Income Tax Act.

Madam Tanaa is an employee of Tapoli Brewery Ghana LTD. Her husband, who is a retired staff of Tapoli Brewery LTD, gifted her a brand-new Toyota Camry costing GH¢270,000 on their 20th wedding anniversary. Madam Tanaa is worried about the tax implication of the gift and has approached you as a student learning tax at the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana.

Required:
Advise Madam Tanaa on the tax implications of the gift of a Toyota Camry she received from her husband on their wedding anniversary, including the various options available to her.

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PT – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Tax Treatment of Employee Compensation

Explains the tax treatment of various types of employee compensation under the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896).

Describe the tax treatment of the following transactions in the context of the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896).

i) Payment of GH¢2,500 salary for a casual worker in the month of Feb 2024. 
ii) Payment of Bonus of GH¢32,000 to an employee with an Annual Basic salary of GH¢180,000. 
iii) Payment of GH¢3,200 to a temporary worker in the month of July 2024. 
iv) Payment of income to a non-resident employee in Ghana. 
v) Redundancy payment to an employee.

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AT – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Analyze tax implications for Broadway Limited's pioneer status and relevant years of assessment.

Broadway Limited was incorporated on 31 May 2004, as a manufacturer of plastic products. Four Lebanese shareholders invested substantially, intending to become members of the Board of Directors. The company applied for a Pioneer Status under the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act, Cap. 17, LFN 2004 and was granted a Pioneer Certificate, with a Production Day certified as 1 August 2004.

The following information has been extracted from the company’s records:

Details Amount (N)
Net Profit for Financial Year Ended 31 July 2008 5,005,000
Depreciation 396,435

The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) certified the following expenditures up to and including the year ended 31 July 2007:

Expenditure Type Amount (N)
Industrial Building 6,142,500
Non-Industrial Building 2,990,000
Plant and Machinery 4,631,250
Motor Vehicles 4,062,500

The promoters declined to apply for an extension of the Pioneer period.

Required:
Advise the management on the tax implications for the relevant years of assessment.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2b – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Discuss reasons for variances in effective tax rates and differences between tax charges and tax payments.

Mr. Ojoowuro, the director of a grocery store, has noticed that the tax charge for his company is N15million on profits before tax of N105million. This is an effective rate of 14.3%. Another company, Irin Plc, has an income tax charge of N30million on profit before tax of N90million. This is an effective rate of tax of 33.3%, yet both companies state that the rate of income tax applicable to them is 25%. Mr. Ojoowuro has also noticed that in the statements of cash flows, each company has paid the same amount of tax of N24million.

Required:
Advise Mr. Ojoowuro on the possible reasons why the income tax charge in the financial statements as a percentage of the profit before tax may not be the same as the applicable income tax rate and why the tax paid in the statement of cash flows may not be the same as the tax charge in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. (7 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2a – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Discuss revenue recognition principles for different scenarios and calculate the revenue for NIXAQ sales.

(a) Labalaba Plc operations involve selling cars to the public through a chain of retail car showrooms. It buys most of its new vehicles directly from the manufacturer on the following terms:

  • Pay the manufacturer for the cars on the date they are sold to customers or six months after they are delivered to its showroom, whichever is earlier.
  • The price paid will be 80% of the retail price as set by the manufacturer at the date that the goods are delivered.
  • Pay the manufacturer 1.5% per month (of the cost to Labalaba) as a “display charge” until the goods are paid for.
  • May return the cars to the manufacturer at any time up to the date the cars are due to be paid for and incur the freight cost of any such returns. Labalaba Plc has never taken advantage of this right of return.
  • The manufacturer can recall the cars or request them to be transferred to another dealer at any time up to the time they are paid for by Labalaba.

Required:
Advise the management of Labalaba Plc as to which party bears the risks and rewards in the above arrangement and show whether there is a sale and how the transactions should be treated by each party. (7 Marks)

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ATAX – Nov 2020 – Q1 – Taxation of Companies

Analyze tax implications for Sunchi Limited's operations in Nigeria and corporate tax obligations for resident and non-resident companies.

The recent trade tariff war on goods exported between the United States and China has opened a vista for corporate players in the two countries and their allies to venture into new areas considered to be business-friendly.

Sunchi Limited, Shanghai, is a computer accessories company that was incorporated in China in 2003. The company established its subsidiary outlet, Sunchi West Africa Holdings, in Ibadan, Nigeria, on January 1, 2018. The Nigerian company adopted December 31, annually (same as the parent company) as its end of financial year.

The first set of consolidated accounts was audited by a reputable audit firm based in China. Taxes for both business operations were also paid in China.

The Nigerian tax inspectors from the Federal Inland Revenue Service demanded for annual returns and tax computations from the subsidiary company but the General Manager of the company claimed that the company had paid personal income tax of its employees and directors, value-added tax on imported equipment, and relevant custom duties. Furthermore, since the parent company is not registered in Nigeria, there is no reason why it should be liable to companies’ income tax. The issue is yet to be resolved.

The Managing Director of the subsidiary company in Nigeria, with the permission of the head office in China, appointed you as the company‘s tax consultant to help unravel the issue of payment of companies’ income tax by resident and non-resident companies operating in Nigeria. He also submitted to you the statement of profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2018, after conversion of the transactions in head office‘s Chinese currency (Yuan) to Nigerian Naira.

(i) Miscellaneous income:
This consists of income realised from the sale of component parts to the head office. The transaction was made at open market price.

(ii) Legal expenses comprise:

Description Amount (N’000)
Debt collection 800
Preliminary expenses 2,100
Land acquisition 550
Retainership fee 750
Total 4,200

Required:
As the company‘s tax consultant, you are to prepare a report to the management of Sunchi Limited taking into consideration the following:
a. Resident and non-resident companies (4 Marks)
b. Circumstances under which profit of a non-resident company will be liable to tax in Nigeria. (10 Marks)
c. Relationship between a:

  • Nigeria branch and the parent company (3 Marks)
  • Nigeria subsidiary and the parent company (3 Marks)
    d. Overseas branch of a Nigerian company (3 Marks)
    e. Overseas subsidiary of a Nigerian company (3 Marks)
    f. Advise on, if any, the companies income tax payable by the two business operations in Nigeria. (14 Marks)

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Deferred tax impact analysis for asset purchase, fair value adjustments, and subsidiary profit

Below is the statement of financial position (extract) of Bamboo PLC, a company with several subsidiaries across various regions, including one foreign subsidiary, Pako Limited, based in the USA:

Draft Statement of Financial Position
As at October 31, 2023

Assets N’m
Deferred tax 77
Other non-current assets 2,329
Inventories and other current assets 1,150
Cash and cash equivalents 422
Total assets 3,978
Liabilities and Equity
Other non-current liabilities 1,671
Deferred tax liabilities 186
Payables and accruals 1,131
Total liabilities 2,988
Equity
Share capital 250
Share premium 120
Retained earnings 620
Total equity 990
Total liabilities and equity 3,978

During the preparation of the final draft of the financial statements, the following issues regarding deferred tax implications were raised:

  1. Property, Plant, and Equipment
    • On November 1, 2022, Bamboo PLC acquired an asset for N120 million, which qualified for a government capital grant of N20 million. The asset has a five-year useful life with straight-line depreciation. Capital allowances are restricted by the grant amount, and tax laws allow a 25% annual capital allowance rate.
  2. Fair Value Adjustments
    • Bamboo PLC acquired Iroko Limited for N100 million, with net assets fair valued at N80 million against a tax base of N70 million. The difference relates to property, plant, and equipment that Iroko Limited intends to hold long-term.
  3. Profit from Foreign Subsidiary
    • Bamboo PLC’s foreign subsidiary, Pako Limited, has $5,000 in undistributed post-acquisition profit, which would incur a N4 million tax if remitted to Nigeria. Bamboo PLC plans to retain these earnings for Pako Limited’s reinvestment.

Required:

a. Briefly explain and calculate, where applicable, the deferred tax implications for each transaction. (15 Marks)

b. Show the deferred tax effects on the draft statement of financial position for Bamboo PLC. (5 Marks)

Note: Use a 30% tax rate for calculations.

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CR – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q5b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Compute deferred tax provision and charge for Tola Plc. as of December 31, 2017.

The following information relates to Tola Plc. as at December 31, 2017:

Description Carrying Amount (N) Tax Base (N)
Plant and equipment 250,000 218,750
Receivables:
Trade receivables 62,500 68,750
Interest receivable 1,250 0
Payables:
Fine 12,500 0
Interest payable 2,500 0

Further information:

  1. The trade receivables balance includes balances of N68,750 less a specific doubtful debt provision of N6,250.
  2. Deferred tax balance as of January 1, 2017, was N1,500.
  3. Interest is taxed on a cash basis.
  4. Doubtful debt allowances are not tax-deductible; receivables are only deductible upon a court order.
  5. Fines are non-deductible for tax purposes.
  6. The tax rate for 2017 is 30%, with an anticipated rise to 36% in 2018.

Required:

Compute the deferred tax provision required as of December 31, 2017, and the charge to profit or loss for the period in accordance with IAS 12 – Income Taxes.
(11 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Accounting for Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Calculate Shakara Limited's income tax liability, deferred tax balance, and movement of deferred tax.

Shakara Limited was incorporated on January 1, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the company made a profit before taxation of N18,150,000.

The following capital expenditure were made during the year:

Expenditure N’000
Plant and machinery 7,200
Motor vehicles 1,800

The depreciation charged for the year amounted to N1,650,000, and capital allowance granted by the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS) for the same period amounted to N2,250,000.

Company income tax rate is 30%, and deferred tax liability brought forward was N1,200,000.

Required:
i. Calculate the company income tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

ii. Calculate the deferred tax balance that should be disclosed in the statement of financial position of Shakara Limited as at December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

iii. Prepare notes showing the movement of deferred tax charged to profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. (3 Marks)

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TAX – May 2015 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Taxation of Trusts and Estates

Determine computed income of a trust, tax liabilities, and apportionment of income among beneficiaries.

Chief Zeta created a Trust many years ago for the benefit of his four children, Alpha, Beta, Cepha, and Delphi. A lawyer was appointed as the Trustee to his Estate.

For the year ended 30 September 2014, the Trust income amounted to ₦3,120,000. Each of the beneficiaries receives an annuity of ₦150,000 every year while the expenses incurred on the administration of the Trust was ₦57,500 per annum. The trustee is on a remuneration of 2% of the Computed Income.

Chief Zeta instructed that discretionary payments of ₦22,500, ₦17,500, ₦15,000, and ₦12,500 respectively should be made to Alpha, Beta, Cepha, and Delphi respectively. In addition, nine of the ten portions of the remainder of the Computed Income should be shared equally among the four children.

Chief Zeta has requested you to supervise the administration of the above Trust.

You are requested to:

a. State the basis of assessment of Estates, Trusts or Settlements. (1 Mark)

b. Identify the persons chargeable to Income Tax under the Trust or Settlement created by Chief Zeta. (3 Marks)

c. Compute the income of the Trust. (3 Marks)

d. Determine the amount due to each beneficiary. (6 Marks)

e. Explain how the Computed Income should be apportioned and how the Income Tax burden will be shared by all the parties. (Ignore Withholding tax). (2 Marks)

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PT – April 2022 – L2 – Q5c – Income Tax Liabilities

Explain how gifts received by individuals in relation to employment, business, or investment are taxed.

Gift means a receipt without consideration or for inadequate consideration.

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PT – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1b – Income Tax Liabilities

Compute tax payable for resident and non-resident individuals for the 2022 year of assessment.

The information below relates to individuals who earned income in the 2022 year of assessment:
Resident individuals:
Mr. Agandi and Mr. Yonny are resident employees in Ghana. The chargeable income earned per annum by Mr. Agandi and Mr. Yonny amounts to GH¢300,000 and GH¢650,000 respectively.

Non-Resident individuals:
Mrs. Zindana and Mrs. Maleda are non-resident individuals. Mrs. Zindana and Mrs. Maleda have earned chargeable incomes to the tune of GH¢300,000 and GH¢650,000 per annum respectively.

Required:
Compute their respective taxes payable for the 2022 year of assessment.

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PT – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q3b – Income Tax Liabilities

This question asks to calculate the tax implications of overtime payments for a senior staff member.

Amos is a Senior Staff member of Sims Company Limited. His monthly basic salary is GH¢1,490.00. He was paid an overtime totalling GH¢650.00 during the month of January, 2019.

Required:
What is the tax implication? (3 marks)

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PT – May 2020 – L2 – Q3a – Scope and computation of income tax for partnerships

Assessable income computation for partners in a partnership business.

a) During the year ended 31 December 2018, the partnership of David, Stella, and Percy reported an adjusted profit of GH¢951,000 before charging partners’ salaries, interest on capital, and cost of traveling for leave.

David Stella Percy
Profit/loss sharing ratio 3 2 1
Salaries GH¢48,000 GH¢72,000 GH¢96,000
Interest on Capital GH¢30,000 GH¢20,000 GH¢10,000
Cost of traveling for leave GH¢20,000 GH¢30,000 GH¢25,000
Required:
Compute the assessable income for each partner.
(7 marks)

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PT – May 2020 – L2 – Q5b – Special considerations for taxation of gifts and capital allowances.

This question asks to compute the tax payable by Mr. Nyametse John on gifts received from his pastor in 2018, considering the exchange rate for foreign currency.

Mr. Nyametse John is a member of Community Christ Church. Mr. Nyametse does not run a business, nor is he employed. In the 2018 year of assessment, he received the following from his Pastor, who just returned from the United Kingdom:

Item Value (£)
Wristwatch 100
Shoes 120
Mobile Phone 150
Exchange rate: GH¢6 – £1

Required:
Compute any tax payable for the 2018 year of assessment. (5 marks)

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PT – May 2020 – L2 – Q3a – Income Tax Liabilities

This question involves computing the assessable income for each partner in a partnership based on profit-sharing ratios and additional benefits.

During the year ended 31 December 2018, the partnership of David, Stella, and Percy reported an adjusted profit of GH¢951,000 before charging partners’ salaries, interest on capital, and costs of traveling for leave.

Partner Profit/Loss Sharing Ratio Salaries (GH¢) Interest on Capital (GH¢) Cost of Traveling for Leave (GH¢)
David 3 48,000 30,000 20,000
Stella 2 72,000 20,000 30,000
Percy 1 96,000 10,000 25,000
Required:
Compute the assessable income for each partner.
(7 marks)

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FR – May 2017 – L2 – Q2c – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Explain deferred tax, identify reasons for deferred tax increase, and explain overprovision in the income statement.

The draft financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2015 for Kobby Ltd include the following:

Required:
i) Explain how deferred tax arises.
(2 marks)

ii) Identify the most likely reason for the increase of GH¢200,000 in the deferred tax provision for the year to 31 March 2015.
(2 marks)

iii) Explain what the over provision of GH¢50,000 in the income statement represents.
(2 marks)

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PT – March 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Withholding Tax Administration

State the payments which are exempt from withholding tax.

A resident person shall withhold tax on payments of any dividends, interests, rent, royalties, natural resources, and payments with a source in the country.

Required:

State FOUR (4) payments to which withholding tax does not apply.
(4 marks)

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PT – March 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Income Tax Liabilities

Explain how part-time, temporary, and casual employment is taxed under the Income Tax Act.

You are required to explain how the following are taxed in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 2016 (Act 896):

i) Part-time teaching/lecturing
ii) Part-time employment
iii) Temporary employment
iv) Casual worker

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PT – March 2023 – L2 – Q3a – Income Tax Liabilities

Explain the principles and computation of overtime tax under the Income Tax Act.

Kaakyire, the Finance Director of Dwarf Ltd, is on a monthly basic salary of GH¢1,400. She was paid overtime amounting to GH¢500 during the month of April 2022.

Required:

i) State the principles underpinning the computation of overtime in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 2016 (Act 896).
(6 marks)

ii) State how her overtime will be taxed and compute the tax for the month of April 2022.
(6 marks)

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