Question Tag: IFRS 16

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Lease Accounting and Foreign Exchange

Discuss lease accounting treatment and foreign exchange effects on lease payments.

On 1 January 2023, Fabin Ghana Airlines PLC (FGA) leased a new fuel-efficient aircraft from German Jets Builders PLC (GJB) for ten (10) years, with an option to extend the lease period for five (5) additional years. However, at lease inception, FGA determined that the renewal option was not economically beneficial and would not be exercised.

The lease formed part of FGA’s sustainability strategy to green its air operations. Lease payments were structured as follows:

  • Fixed annual lease payments of €6 million, payable at each year-end starting 31 December 2023.
  • An additional 5% annual payment, conditional on FGA’s aircraft noise footprints and nitrogen oxide emissions declining by at least 15% and 10%, respectively.
  • At 31 December 2023, the Sustainability Committee determined that these environmental targets were met.

Additional lease details:

  • Estimated residual value of €15 million at 31 December 2032 and €10 million at 31 December 2037.
  • Residual Value Guarantee: FGA guaranteed that the relevant residual value will not drop below 30%.
  • Initial Direct Costs: GH¢500,000 was incurred in setting up the lease.
  • Discount Rate: 12%
  • Exchange Rates:
    • 1 January 2023: €1 = GH¢10
    • 31 December 2023: €1 = GH¢12
    • Average rate: €1 = GH¢11

Discount Factors at 12%:

Year Single-Period Factor Annuity Factor
10 0.32 5.65
14 0.20 6.63
15 0.18 6.81

Required:

In line with IFRS 16: Leases and IAS 21: Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss how this lease should be accounted for in the financial statements of FGA for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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AAA – May 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Assurance Engagements

Discuss due diligence processes and provide IFRS 16 guidance on lease recognition, measurement, and disclosure.

Pegrace Nigeria Limited (PNL), your audit client, is a national hotel group with substantial cash resources. Its accounting functions are well managed and the group’s accounting policies are rigorously applied. The company’s financial year-end is December 31.

The company has been seeking to acquire a construction company for some time in order to bring in-house the building and refurbishment of hotels and related leisure facilities, like swimming pools, volleyball courts, and restaurants. The management has recently identified Robin Construction Company Limited (RCCL) as a potential target and has urgently requested that you undertake a limited due diligence review.

Further to the preliminary talks between the management of RCCL and PNL, you were provided with the following brief on Robin Construction Company Limited:

  1. The Chief Executive, Managing Director, and Finance Director are all family members and major shareholders. The company has an established reputation for quality constructions.
  2. Due to a recession in the building business, the company has been operating at its overdraft limit for the last 18 months and has been close to breaching debt obligations on several occasions.
  3. Robin’s accounting policies are generally less prudent than those of Pegrace (assets are depreciated over longer estimated useful lives).
  4. Contract revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion method, measured by reference to costs incurred to date. Provisions are made for loss-making contracts.
  5. The company’s management team includes a qualified and experienced quantity surveyor, whose main responsibilities are:
    • Supervising quarterly physical counts at major construction sites;
    • Comparing costs to date against quarterly rolling budgets; and
    • Determining profits or losses, by contract, at each financial year-end.
  6. Labour force is provided under subcontracts. During construction, the regulatory body visited the site and discovered non-compliance with site health and safety regulations.

In February 2021, Robin received a claim that a site on which it built a housing development in Banana Estate was not properly drained and is now sinking. Residents are demanding rectification and asking for payment or damages. Robin has referred the matter to its legal counsel and denied all liability, as the site preparation was subcontracted to Sahara Services Company Limited. No provisions have been made in respect of the claims, nor has any disclosure been made.

The auditor’s report on Robin’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, was signed, without modification, in March 2021.

Required:

a. Prepare a document to give the explanatory meaning of the term ‘due diligence’ and subsequently discuss items to investigate in a due diligence exercise. (12 Marks)

b. Advise on how to recognize, measure, present, and disclose leases as required by IFRS 16. (8 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Advanced Audit Planning and Strategy

Identification of financial statement risks in planning the final audit for Maideline Nigeria Limited’s winding-up.

Maideline Nigeria Limited manufactures tyres for use by cars, trucks, and trailers. The company is owner-managed, meaning the shareholders are also the directors. On June 1, 2020, the directors decided to wind up the company due to the high cost of operations, the Naira’s depreciation against the US dollar, and the economic impact of COVID-19, which have severely impacted the company’s ability to continue business.

Management notified employees, suppliers, and customers that Maideline would cease all manufacturing activities by September 30. Consequently, all factory workers and most employees in accounts and administration were terminated effective September 30. Remaining employees will face redundancy by November 30. A minimal head office team, including the Company Secretary and some support staff, will remain operational for a few more years until the company winds down completely.

Maideline operated 20 branches and a head office. Of these, 12 branches are located in company-owned buildings, while the remaining 8 operate from leased buildings with lease terms of three to five years. Lease agreements prohibit sub-letting and sale. On adopting IFRS 16, the entity assumed lease renewals at term end, recording lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. A small head office building will remain in use until its lease expires in three years. Maideline accounts for its tangible non-current assets at cost, less depreciation, and has recognized deferred tax assets due to past tax losses and unutilized capital allowances.

All products sold carry a one-year warranty. Until May 31, 2020, the company offered two- and three-year extended warranties, but these were discontinued from March 1, 2020. Maideline distributes products nationally and internationally under three-year agreements and maintains annual supplier contracts. While no distributors or suppliers have pursued legal actions, some are withholding payments, awaiting penalty settlements they claim are due.

Required:
Using the information provided, identify and explain the financial statement risks to be taken into account in planning the final audit of Maideline in respect of the year ended December 31, 2020. (20 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Discuss lease classification, loan liability derecognition under IFRS 9, and tax offsetting rules under IAS 12.

Muzana Limited owns tractors used for farming purposes and sometimes enters into lease arrangements with other agricultural companies. A particular tractor when leased out by Muzana is for 8 years. The useful economic life of each tractor is estimated at 10 years while the fair value of each tractor is estimated at N26 million. The present value of minimum lease payments in the lease arrangement is N28 million. Lease payments are made to Muzana by the lessee on a monthly basis and has a purchase option at the end of the lease term to acquire the machine for N2.2 million. A similar fairly used machine in the market will cost the buyer N2.5 million. Following the transition to IFRS 16, the management of Muzana have classified this lease as an operating lease in its year-end financial statements.

In order to expand its operations, Muzana accessed the Agricultural Loan Credit Programme set up by the government of Nigeria. In the year 2016, Muzana was granted a 5-year interest free loan of N100 million. At year end September 30, 2019, Muzana had been able to set aside N100 million in a special trust to be used for no other purpose than to pay off the loan in full on its due date in 2020. The management of Muzana are currently preparing their year-end 2019 financial statements and have derecognised the loan liability due to the fact that funds have been set aside in full to satisfy the loan payment in 2020.

Muzana Limited have just concluded a meeting with its tax consultant. The amounts due to the state tax authorities in the current year is N2.3 million. Muzana also has a tax credit of N1.8 million due from the Federal government in the current year. The tax consultant has advised Muzana that these amounts can be offset in their year-end financial statements to show only a tax liability of N500,000.

Required: a. Explain how the lease arrangement should be classified in Muzana‘s 2018 year-end financial statements? (7 Marks) b. Advise the management of Muzana, based on IFRS 9 derecognition rules, if the loan liability can be recognised in their year-end September 30, 2019 financial statements. (7 Marks) c. Explain if the advise provided by the tax consultant is consistent with the offsetting rules under IAS 12 Income Taxes? (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4b – Leases (IFRS 16)

Memo on IFRS 16 changes and right-of-use assets treatment for Ododoeye PLC

As the financial controller of Ododoeye PLC, an NGX-quoted company, you are preparing the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023. Chief Okechukwu, the finance director, has requested the following information about the treatment of the company’s leased assets in view of IFRS 16-Leases:

  • Chief Okechukwu noticed a new component in the financial statements titled “right-of-use” relating to a leased warehouse. This component did not appear in previous years’ statements and has raised questions on its treatment under IFRS 16 compared to IAS 17.

Required:

Write an internal memo addressing Chief Okechukwu’s concerns and explaining:

  1. The key changes under IFRS 16 related to right-of-use assets.
  2. Accounting treatments for the right-of-use assets.
  3. Financial statement impact of right-of-use assets.

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Leases (IFRS 16)

Explanation of IFRS 16 recognition and measurement for lessee lease obligations

Lease gives lessees the right to use assets in return for the lessee accepting an obligation to make a series of payments to the owner of the assets (the lessor). The previous accounting rules set out in IAS 17-Leases focused on identifying leases that were economically similar to purchasing the assets being leased. However, IFRS 16-Leases was issued subsequently and applies to accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is also permitted. Therefore, IFRS 16 replaced IAS 17, introducing material changes to the requirements for recognition of rights and obligations under leasing arrangements.

Required:

i. Explain how IFRS 16 requires lessees to recognize and measure rights and obligations under lease arrangements. (4 Marks)

ii. Discuss how a lessee should measure the rights and obligation under short-term lease arrangements.

(4 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Sale and Leaseback of Warehouse

Accounting treatment for sale and leaseback transaction under IFRS 16 for Tekyiman Ltd.

Tekyiman Ltd (Tekyiman) sold one of its warehouses on 1 July 2019 to a finance house and leased it back under an operating lease on the same date. The carrying amount of the warehouse on 1 July 2019 was GH¢16 million. The terms of the sale and leaseback were as follows; sale proceeds of GH¢23.5 million and half-yearly lease rental payments of GH¢1 million paid in arrears on 31 December and 30 June over a period of 4 years.

The open market value of the property would have been GH¢20 million if not leased back on these terms. The lease rental payments were approximately double market rates for such a lease. The finance house can terminate the lease at any time with a month’s notice to Tekyiman, at which point any excess of the sales proceeds over market value of the property not yet repaid becomes repayable immediately.

Tekyiman depreciated the property up to 1 July 2019 and then derecognised it, recognising a profit of GH¢7.5 million (netted against expenses in the statement of profit or loss). The first GH¢1 million, 6 monthly lease rental payment, made on 31 December 2019 has been charged to cost of sales. No other accounting entries have been made.

Tekyiman now wishes to amortize the excess of the sales proceeds over market value on a straight-line basis over the period the warehouse will be used (4 years).

Required:
Advise the directors of the entity of the correct accounting treatment of the above transaction under IFRS 16: Leases (as the information permits) for the year ended 31 December 2019.

 

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FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2d – Lease Accounting

Show the accounting treatment for lease transactions.

Odwira Ltd operates in the mining industry with a financial year end 31 December 2020. On 1 January 2020, Odwira Ltd began to lease a group of machines that were used in the production process. The lease was for five years, and the total annual rental (payable in arrears) was GH¢8 million. The lessor paid GH¢30 million for the machines on 31 December 2019. The lessor has advised Odwira Ltd that the interest rate implicit in the lease can be taken as 10%. The estimated useful economic life of the machines was five years.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, show the accounting treatment of the above transaction.

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FR – April 2022 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Prepare extracts for the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for Kundugu Ltd in 2020 and 2021, accounting for a lease agreement under IFRS 16.

b) Kundugu Ltd (Kundugu) is a manufacturing company located in the Savannah Region. The reporting date of Kundugu is 31 December, and the company reports under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). Kundugu intends to expand its production to take advantage of emerging economic activities in the new region.

On 1 January 2020, the company entered into a lease agreement for production equipment with a useful economic life of 8 years. The lease term is for four years, and Kundugu agrees to pay annual rent of GH¢50,000 commencing on 1 January 2020 and annually thereafter. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 7.5%, and the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is 10%. The present value of lease payments not yet paid on 1 January 2020 is GH¢130,026. Kundugu paid legal fees of GH¢1,000 to set up the lease.

Required:
Prepare extracts for the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for 2020 and 2021, showing how Kundugu should account for this transaction. (6 marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Explain the financial reporting treatment of a lease transaction for Fugu Ltd in accordance with IFRS 16.

Fugu Ltd (Fugu) operates in the automobile industry. The following transaction relates to Fugu for the year-end 31 July 2023: On August 1, 2022, Fugu entered into a ten-year lease, agreeing to pay GH¢3 million annually in arrears in exchange for the use of a building. The present value of the minimum lease payments was GH¢20.13 million at 1 August 2022, and the useful economic life of the building was 50 years. Fugu’s cost of capital is 8%.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, show the financial reporting treatment of the above transactions in the financial statements of Fugu for the year ended 31 July 2023.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Lease Accounting and Foreign Exchange

Discuss lease accounting treatment and foreign exchange effects on lease payments.

On 1 January 2023, Fabin Ghana Airlines PLC (FGA) leased a new fuel-efficient aircraft from German Jets Builders PLC (GJB) for ten (10) years, with an option to extend the lease period for five (5) additional years. However, at lease inception, FGA determined that the renewal option was not economically beneficial and would not be exercised.

The lease formed part of FGA’s sustainability strategy to green its air operations. Lease payments were structured as follows:

  • Fixed annual lease payments of €6 million, payable at each year-end starting 31 December 2023.
  • An additional 5% annual payment, conditional on FGA’s aircraft noise footprints and nitrogen oxide emissions declining by at least 15% and 10%, respectively.
  • At 31 December 2023, the Sustainability Committee determined that these environmental targets were met.

Additional lease details:

  • Estimated residual value of €15 million at 31 December 2032 and €10 million at 31 December 2037.
  • Residual Value Guarantee: FGA guaranteed that the relevant residual value will not drop below 30%.
  • Initial Direct Costs: GH¢500,000 was incurred in setting up the lease.
  • Discount Rate: 12%
  • Exchange Rates:
    • 1 January 2023: €1 = GH¢10
    • 31 December 2023: €1 = GH¢12
    • Average rate: €1 = GH¢11

Discount Factors at 12%:

Year Single-Period Factor Annuity Factor
10 0.32 5.65
14 0.20 6.63
15 0.18 6.81

Required:

In line with IFRS 16: Leases and IAS 21: Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss how this lease should be accounted for in the financial statements of FGA for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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AAA – May 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Assurance Engagements

Discuss due diligence processes and provide IFRS 16 guidance on lease recognition, measurement, and disclosure.

Pegrace Nigeria Limited (PNL), your audit client, is a national hotel group with substantial cash resources. Its accounting functions are well managed and the group’s accounting policies are rigorously applied. The company’s financial year-end is December 31.

The company has been seeking to acquire a construction company for some time in order to bring in-house the building and refurbishment of hotels and related leisure facilities, like swimming pools, volleyball courts, and restaurants. The management has recently identified Robin Construction Company Limited (RCCL) as a potential target and has urgently requested that you undertake a limited due diligence review.

Further to the preliminary talks between the management of RCCL and PNL, you were provided with the following brief on Robin Construction Company Limited:

  1. The Chief Executive, Managing Director, and Finance Director are all family members and major shareholders. The company has an established reputation for quality constructions.
  2. Due to a recession in the building business, the company has been operating at its overdraft limit for the last 18 months and has been close to breaching debt obligations on several occasions.
  3. Robin’s accounting policies are generally less prudent than those of Pegrace (assets are depreciated over longer estimated useful lives).
  4. Contract revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion method, measured by reference to costs incurred to date. Provisions are made for loss-making contracts.
  5. The company’s management team includes a qualified and experienced quantity surveyor, whose main responsibilities are:
    • Supervising quarterly physical counts at major construction sites;
    • Comparing costs to date against quarterly rolling budgets; and
    • Determining profits or losses, by contract, at each financial year-end.
  6. Labour force is provided under subcontracts. During construction, the regulatory body visited the site and discovered non-compliance with site health and safety regulations.

In February 2021, Robin received a claim that a site on which it built a housing development in Banana Estate was not properly drained and is now sinking. Residents are demanding rectification and asking for payment or damages. Robin has referred the matter to its legal counsel and denied all liability, as the site preparation was subcontracted to Sahara Services Company Limited. No provisions have been made in respect of the claims, nor has any disclosure been made.

The auditor’s report on Robin’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, was signed, without modification, in March 2021.

Required:

a. Prepare a document to give the explanatory meaning of the term ‘due diligence’ and subsequently discuss items to investigate in a due diligence exercise. (12 Marks)

b. Advise on how to recognize, measure, present, and disclose leases as required by IFRS 16. (8 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Advanced Audit Planning and Strategy

Identification of financial statement risks in planning the final audit for Maideline Nigeria Limited’s winding-up.

Maideline Nigeria Limited manufactures tyres for use by cars, trucks, and trailers. The company is owner-managed, meaning the shareholders are also the directors. On June 1, 2020, the directors decided to wind up the company due to the high cost of operations, the Naira’s depreciation against the US dollar, and the economic impact of COVID-19, which have severely impacted the company’s ability to continue business.

Management notified employees, suppliers, and customers that Maideline would cease all manufacturing activities by September 30. Consequently, all factory workers and most employees in accounts and administration were terminated effective September 30. Remaining employees will face redundancy by November 30. A minimal head office team, including the Company Secretary and some support staff, will remain operational for a few more years until the company winds down completely.

Maideline operated 20 branches and a head office. Of these, 12 branches are located in company-owned buildings, while the remaining 8 operate from leased buildings with lease terms of three to five years. Lease agreements prohibit sub-letting and sale. On adopting IFRS 16, the entity assumed lease renewals at term end, recording lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. A small head office building will remain in use until its lease expires in three years. Maideline accounts for its tangible non-current assets at cost, less depreciation, and has recognized deferred tax assets due to past tax losses and unutilized capital allowances.

All products sold carry a one-year warranty. Until May 31, 2020, the company offered two- and three-year extended warranties, but these were discontinued from March 1, 2020. Maideline distributes products nationally and internationally under three-year agreements and maintains annual supplier contracts. While no distributors or suppliers have pursued legal actions, some are withholding payments, awaiting penalty settlements they claim are due.

Required:
Using the information provided, identify and explain the financial statement risks to be taken into account in planning the final audit of Maideline in respect of the year ended December 31, 2020. (20 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Discuss lease classification, loan liability derecognition under IFRS 9, and tax offsetting rules under IAS 12.

Muzana Limited owns tractors used for farming purposes and sometimes enters into lease arrangements with other agricultural companies. A particular tractor when leased out by Muzana is for 8 years. The useful economic life of each tractor is estimated at 10 years while the fair value of each tractor is estimated at N26 million. The present value of minimum lease payments in the lease arrangement is N28 million. Lease payments are made to Muzana by the lessee on a monthly basis and has a purchase option at the end of the lease term to acquire the machine for N2.2 million. A similar fairly used machine in the market will cost the buyer N2.5 million. Following the transition to IFRS 16, the management of Muzana have classified this lease as an operating lease in its year-end financial statements.

In order to expand its operations, Muzana accessed the Agricultural Loan Credit Programme set up by the government of Nigeria. In the year 2016, Muzana was granted a 5-year interest free loan of N100 million. At year end September 30, 2019, Muzana had been able to set aside N100 million in a special trust to be used for no other purpose than to pay off the loan in full on its due date in 2020. The management of Muzana are currently preparing their year-end 2019 financial statements and have derecognised the loan liability due to the fact that funds have been set aside in full to satisfy the loan payment in 2020.

Muzana Limited have just concluded a meeting with its tax consultant. The amounts due to the state tax authorities in the current year is N2.3 million. Muzana also has a tax credit of N1.8 million due from the Federal government in the current year. The tax consultant has advised Muzana that these amounts can be offset in their year-end financial statements to show only a tax liability of N500,000.

Required: a. Explain how the lease arrangement should be classified in Muzana‘s 2018 year-end financial statements? (7 Marks) b. Advise the management of Muzana, based on IFRS 9 derecognition rules, if the loan liability can be recognised in their year-end September 30, 2019 financial statements. (7 Marks) c. Explain if the advise provided by the tax consultant is consistent with the offsetting rules under IAS 12 Income Taxes? (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4b – Leases (IFRS 16)

Memo on IFRS 16 changes and right-of-use assets treatment for Ododoeye PLC

As the financial controller of Ododoeye PLC, an NGX-quoted company, you are preparing the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023. Chief Okechukwu, the finance director, has requested the following information about the treatment of the company’s leased assets in view of IFRS 16-Leases:

  • Chief Okechukwu noticed a new component in the financial statements titled “right-of-use” relating to a leased warehouse. This component did not appear in previous years’ statements and has raised questions on its treatment under IFRS 16 compared to IAS 17.

Required:

Write an internal memo addressing Chief Okechukwu’s concerns and explaining:

  1. The key changes under IFRS 16 related to right-of-use assets.
  2. Accounting treatments for the right-of-use assets.
  3. Financial statement impact of right-of-use assets.

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Leases (IFRS 16)

Explanation of IFRS 16 recognition and measurement for lessee lease obligations

Lease gives lessees the right to use assets in return for the lessee accepting an obligation to make a series of payments to the owner of the assets (the lessor). The previous accounting rules set out in IAS 17-Leases focused on identifying leases that were economically similar to purchasing the assets being leased. However, IFRS 16-Leases was issued subsequently and applies to accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is also permitted. Therefore, IFRS 16 replaced IAS 17, introducing material changes to the requirements for recognition of rights and obligations under leasing arrangements.

Required:

i. Explain how IFRS 16 requires lessees to recognize and measure rights and obligations under lease arrangements. (4 Marks)

ii. Discuss how a lessee should measure the rights and obligation under short-term lease arrangements.

(4 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Sale and Leaseback of Warehouse

Accounting treatment for sale and leaseback transaction under IFRS 16 for Tekyiman Ltd.

Tekyiman Ltd (Tekyiman) sold one of its warehouses on 1 July 2019 to a finance house and leased it back under an operating lease on the same date. The carrying amount of the warehouse on 1 July 2019 was GH¢16 million. The terms of the sale and leaseback were as follows; sale proceeds of GH¢23.5 million and half-yearly lease rental payments of GH¢1 million paid in arrears on 31 December and 30 June over a period of 4 years.

The open market value of the property would have been GH¢20 million if not leased back on these terms. The lease rental payments were approximately double market rates for such a lease. The finance house can terminate the lease at any time with a month’s notice to Tekyiman, at which point any excess of the sales proceeds over market value of the property not yet repaid becomes repayable immediately.

Tekyiman depreciated the property up to 1 July 2019 and then derecognised it, recognising a profit of GH¢7.5 million (netted against expenses in the statement of profit or loss). The first GH¢1 million, 6 monthly lease rental payment, made on 31 December 2019 has been charged to cost of sales. No other accounting entries have been made.

Tekyiman now wishes to amortize the excess of the sales proceeds over market value on a straight-line basis over the period the warehouse will be used (4 years).

Required:
Advise the directors of the entity of the correct accounting treatment of the above transaction under IFRS 16: Leases (as the information permits) for the year ended 31 December 2019.

 

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FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2d – Lease Accounting

Show the accounting treatment for lease transactions.

Odwira Ltd operates in the mining industry with a financial year end 31 December 2020. On 1 January 2020, Odwira Ltd began to lease a group of machines that were used in the production process. The lease was for five years, and the total annual rental (payable in arrears) was GH¢8 million. The lessor paid GH¢30 million for the machines on 31 December 2019. The lessor has advised Odwira Ltd that the interest rate implicit in the lease can be taken as 10%. The estimated useful economic life of the machines was five years.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, show the accounting treatment of the above transaction.

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FR – April 2022 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Prepare extracts for the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for Kundugu Ltd in 2020 and 2021, accounting for a lease agreement under IFRS 16.

b) Kundugu Ltd (Kundugu) is a manufacturing company located in the Savannah Region. The reporting date of Kundugu is 31 December, and the company reports under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). Kundugu intends to expand its production to take advantage of emerging economic activities in the new region.

On 1 January 2020, the company entered into a lease agreement for production equipment with a useful economic life of 8 years. The lease term is for four years, and Kundugu agrees to pay annual rent of GH¢50,000 commencing on 1 January 2020 and annually thereafter. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 7.5%, and the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is 10%. The present value of lease payments not yet paid on 1 January 2020 is GH¢130,026. Kundugu paid legal fees of GH¢1,000 to set up the lease.

Required:
Prepare extracts for the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for 2020 and 2021, showing how Kundugu should account for this transaction. (6 marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Explain the financial reporting treatment of a lease transaction for Fugu Ltd in accordance with IFRS 16.

Fugu Ltd (Fugu) operates in the automobile industry. The following transaction relates to Fugu for the year-end 31 July 2023: On August 1, 2022, Fugu entered into a ten-year lease, agreeing to pay GH¢3 million annually in arrears in exchange for the use of a building. The present value of the minimum lease payments was GH¢20.13 million at 1 August 2022, and the useful economic life of the building was 50 years. Fugu’s cost of capital is 8%.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, show the financial reporting treatment of the above transactions in the financial statements of Fugu for the year ended 31 July 2023.

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