Question Tag: Going Concern

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q4 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Analyze the auditor's objectives, implications of going concern assumptions, directors' responsibilities, and risk assessment for going concern status.

Itanforiti Publishers Limited has been in the printing and publishing business for many years in Ibadan. The company has been performing well with a competitive advantage over many companies in the industry as a result of the engagement of a high-profile team of personnel and in-house printing of its published books.

The board of directors comprises two brothers and their wives. The older brother is the chairman, and the younger, the managing director. The fortunes of the company started dwindling in 2013 when conflicts could no longer be resolved amicably among the members of the board of directors.

The chairman, being a majority shareholder, assumed executive powers by combining the roles hitherto played by the managing director with his own as executive chairman in 2015. Governance of the company became unsettled, and key staff of the organization started resigning in turn.

In 2016, the financial reports of the company revealed its inability to pay creditors, and the supply of raw materials became irregular. In addition, the level of receivables became too high with a significant figure of doubtful and irrecoverable debts.

Your firm acts as auditors to the company, and you have been presented with the financial statements for the year ended 31st December 2017, for audit. The financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis.

Required:
a. Identify and explain the objectives of the auditor in the area of going concern in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA 570). (5 Marks)
b. Explain the going concern assumption and the implications for the financial statements if the entity is not a going concern. (5 Marks)
c. Explain the going concern duties of the directors. (3 Marks)
d. Evaluate the risk assessment procedures to be performed by the auditor on the going concern status of the entity. (ISA 570). (7 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identify going concern risks for Woes Limited and outline post-reporting date audit matters to assess its ability to continue as a going concern.

You are responsible for the audit of Woes Limited for the year-ended 31 December 2013. The principal activity of Woes Ltd is the provision of high-quality packaging services for manufacturing companies. The company was established three years ago and has significantly exceeded its growth targets in each of those years.

Historically, the packaging process was labour-intensive, but in September 2013, in an effort to reduce labour costs and increase efficiency, the company invested in an enhanced automated packing system. The investment was funded by a loan repayable in monthly instalments over four years. The loan covenant agreement includes a term specifying that the company’s debt: equity ratio should not exceed 1:1.

A comparison of the draft accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013 with the previous year indicates a significant increase in revenue with a small increase in profit. The company is currently trading in excess of its overdraft limit and is negotiating an increase in its facility with the bank. Management has prepared, in support of its negotiations, profit and cash flow forecasts based on the assumptions that the anticipated increase in efficiency, including a reduction in labour costs, will be achieved.

The company struggles to meet the weekly wage bill and has fallen behind in its payments to the tax authorities. It has also failed to comply with the terms of the lease in respect of the factory premises and has not paid the last three months’ instalments.

Required:

a. Identify and explain, from the information provided above, factors which indicate that Woes Ltd may not be a going concern. (10 Marks)
b. Outline the matters to which you would direct your attention in the period after the reporting date to determine whether Woes Ltd can continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future. (10 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Evaluation of going concern issues at Wazobia Nigeria Limited and audit procedures to address identified risks.

Wazobia Nigeria Limited is a manufacturer of corrugated zinc roofs. Due to the economic recession, revenue continued to decline each year for the past three years. You are aware that the company had only N300,000 in cash at the year end. Extracts from the draft financial statements and other relevant information are given below.

Additional information:
(i) The bank loan was obtained in 2016 when the company started recording losses. The collateral for the loan is a fixed and floating charge on the assets of the company to the tune of the loan balance. The first tranche of repayment of the loan is due in 2019 and the amount repayable is N300 million.

(ii) Wazobia renegotiated its credit line with a major supplier and extended payment terms from 60 days to 90 days in order to improve working capital.

(iii) The terms for accessing the undrawn facilities stipulate that the company must meet certain covenants, including that interest cover is maintained at 2:1 and the ratio of bank loan to total assets does not exceed 1:1.

(iv) The contingent liability relates to litigation against the company by one of its customers for an alleged breach of contract to supply roofing sheets based on agreed specifications.

Required:
(a) Identify and explain the matters which may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern in the foreseeable future. (10 Marks)
(b) Recommend the appropriate audit procedures to be performed to adequately address the going concern matters identified. (10 Marks)

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  • 9 Marks

CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q6b – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Evaluate Luck & Co's financial position and recommend restructuring options to address going concern threats.

Scenario:
Luck & Co. has been making losses over the last few years. Its statement of financial position at 31 December, 2013, showed the following:

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December, 2013

Assets N
Property, plant, and equipment 80,000
Inventory 20,000
Receivables 40,000
Total Assets 140,000
Equity and Liabilities N
Ordinary Capital 100,000
Retained Earnings (140,000)
Secured Loan Stock 100,000
Payables 80,000
Total Equity & Liabilities 140,000

On liquidation, the assets would realise the following:

Assets N
Property, plant, and equipment 30,000
Inventory 12,000
Receivables 36,000
Total Realisable Value 78,000

If the company continues to trade for the next four years, profit after charging N20,000 per annum as depreciation on the property, plant and equipment would be as follows:

Year Profit (N)
2014 4,000
2015 20,000
2016 26,000
2017 28,000
Total 78,000

Assume that there would be no surplus cash to settle the payables and loan stock holders until after four years when inventory and receivables could be realised at their book values.

Required:

Evaluate the financials and advise the management of Luck & Co on the options available to them and redraft the statement of financial position of Luck & Co after the exercise. (9 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q6a – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Evaluate factors indicating going concern threats and propose financial restructuring solutions.

An entity is normally viewed as a going concern. It is assumed that the entity has neither the intention nor the desire of liquidation or of curtailing materially the scale of its operations.

However, if the going concern is threatened, the financial statements would be prepared on a different basis.

Required:

State the factors that indicate an organisation may no longer be a going concern under the following categories:
(i) Financial (ii) Operational (iii) Legal or regulatory (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Outline audit procedures to identify material subsequent events and explain the purpose and importance of subsequent events review.

You have just concluded the audit of Roico Limited for the year ended 31 December, 2012. During the review of the working paper file, the partner in charge discovered that no information is available on activities after year-end. The partner instructed the team leader to carry out a review of the company’s activities after year-end. The team leader was not comfortable with the instruction and wants to know why it is necessary to examine accounting information relating to the next accounting period.

You are required to:

(a) Enumerate the audit procedures which would be carried out in order to identify any material subsequent events. (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the purpose and importance of subsequent events review. (5 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

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  • 8 Marks

CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q5a – Emerging Trends in Corporate Reporting

Discuss four financial reporting issues companies should consider due to COVID-19.

Most regulatory authorities in Nigeria, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), and Federal Inland and State Internal Revenue Services, issued conditional relief for meeting reporting deadlines for filing annual and other returns required by law during the pandemic.

However, companies still need to monitor further reporting updates and evaluate the current and potential effects that COVID-19 could have on their financial reporting.

Required:

Discuss FOUR financial reporting issues that should be considered by companies as a consequence of COVID-19. (8 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifies going concern symptoms, audit procedures for evaluating going concern, and factors to assess continuation potential.

When a company is experiencing going concern problems, it may exhibit various financial and non-financial symptoms.

Required:

(a) State FIVE financial and FIVE non-financial going concern symptoms.
(5 Marks)

(b) State the audit procedures you would adopt as an auditor to determine whether a client company is experiencing going concern problems.
(6 Marks)

(c) What other factors would you consider in assessing if the company can continue despite the going concern issues?
(4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q10 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifies a factor that may not indicate a going concern issue.

Which ONE of the following may not necessarily be a symptom of a going concern problem?

  • A. Redemption of debentures
  • B. Dividends in arrears
  • C. Existence of long overdue debtors
  • D. Heavy dependence on short-term funds for long-term needs
  • E. Excessive reliance on a supplier or customer

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Discusses policies for anti-money laundering, indicators of money laundering, ethical issues, and audit procedures for going concern assumptions.

You are a manager in Obuns & Co, a firm of Chartered Accountants, responsible for the audit of Akudre Plc, a listed entity, for the year ended 31 May 2020. The company operates in the textile industry and manufactures a range of goods, including clothing, linen, and soft furnishings. Akudre Plc employs approximately 750 sales staff across the country who sell the company’s products to both households and small to medium-sized businesses. Around 75% of Akudre Plc’s sales transactions are cash-based, and each sales staff member prepares a monthly cash sales report.

According to Akudre Plc’s CEO, Adu Oke, each staff member (including senior management) is encouraged to make cash sales on a commission basis to friends and family. Mr. Oke recently sold products worth N4,000,000 to business associates, depositing these funds into an offshore bank account under his sole control.

Review of Audit Working Papers:
A review of the audit working papers and an initial meeting with Mr. Oke revealed these issues:

  • Obuns & Co performed tax computations for Akudre Plc and completed tax returns for the company and Mr. Oke, invoiced as part of the total fee for audit and professional services. Mr. Oke’s personal tax return reflects numerous property transactions across international locations, which are detailed in off-shore accounts.

Financing Issue:
The audit committee has requested the audit engagement partner attend a post-audit meeting with the company’s bank officials, including the CFO and a representative from the audit committee, to renegotiate Akudre Plc’s lending facility. The audit partner is expected to confirm the company’s financial stability and verify that going concern procedures, including cash flow forecasts, were audited.

Required:
a. Discuss the policies and procedures which Obuns & Co. should have in place in relation to an anti-money laundering programme. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate whether there are any indicators of money laundering activities by Akudre Plc or its staff. (4 Marks)
c. Describe the requirements of ISA 250: Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements. (5 Marks)
d. Discuss the actions required when an auditor identifies or suspects material instances of non-compliance by a client under ISA 250. (5 Marks)
e. Identify and evaluate any ethical threats and professional issues arising from the audit committee’s request for the audit engagement partner to attend the financing meeting. (3 Marks)
f. If loan finance is essential for the company’s survival and uncertainty exists regarding agreement finalization, evaluate additional audit procedures to ascertain if a material uncertainty exists. (10 Marks)
g. Evaluate the impact on the audit report in these scenarios:

  • i. Going concern assumption is appropriate, but material uncertainty exists.
  • ii. Going concern assumption is appropriate, material uncertainty exists, and disclosures are adequate.
  • iii. Going concern assumption is appropriate, material uncertainty exists, but disclosures are inadequate.
  • iv. Going concern assumption is inappropriate. (8 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AA – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q3b – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment

Describe five financial events or conditions that may cast doubt on the going concern assumption of an organization.

One of the basic assumptions underlying the preparation of financial statements is the going concern concept, which assumes that the entity has the ability to continue to operate into the foreseeable future. However, some events and conditions may cast doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Required:
Describe five financial events or conditions that may cast doubt about the going concern assumption of an organization.

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  • 5 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q4b – Completion Procedures and Reporting

This question explains the possible audit reports that can be issued when the going concern status of a company is questioned.

(b) Describe the possible audit reports that can be issued where the going concern status of a company is called into question; your answer should describe the circumstances in which they can be issued. (5 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q4a – Completion Procedures and Reporting

This question outlines the external auditor's responsibilities and the work required regarding the going concern status of a company.

(a) Describe external auditor’s responsibilities and the work that the auditors must perform in relation to the going concern status of companies. (5 marks)

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  • 7 Marks

AA – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2c – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Completion Procedures and Reporting

This question covers auditors’ responsibilities for subsequent events and going concern assessments, as well as internal control reporting.

c) Technolab has an internal audit department. The partner in charge of the audit is seeking clarification regarding how any deficiencies in internal control should be identified and communicated to management. The partner feels the report produced by the external auditors may duplicate the report produced by the internal audit function.

Required:
Explain how the purpose and content of an internal auditor’s report on internal control deficiencies differ from one prepared by the external auditor.
(7 marks)

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  • 14 Marks

AA – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2a and b – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Completion Procedures and Reporting

This question covers auditors’ responsibilities for subsequent events and going concern assessments, as well as internal control reporting.

You are an audit senior for an audit firm and are currently working on the audit of Technolab, a company that produces sophisticated electronic laboratory equipment. The company imports a high proportion of the components it uses from China. The equipment is used by some laboratories dealing with hazardous chemicals.

As the audit draws to a close, the partner in charge has asked you to ensure that all procedures relating to subsequent events and going concern are properly performed. You are to consider the audit work to be performed in relation to ISA 560 Subsequent Events and ISA 570 Going Concern.

Required:

a) Describe the auditor’s responsibilities for subsequent events occurring between:
i. The year-end date and the date the auditor’s report is signed.
ii. The date the auditor’s report is signed and the date the financial statements are issued.
(6 marks)

b) Going concern relates to the judgment that an entity will continue to trade for the foreseeable future.
i. Explain the responsibilities of directors and auditors in relation to going concern.
(3 marks)
ii. Explain the audit procedures that the auditor could carry out when conducting the going concern review of Technolab.
(4 marks)

c) Technolab has an internal audit department. The partner in charge of the audit is seeking clarification regarding how any deficiencies in internal control should be identified and communicated to management. The partner feels the report produced by the external auditors may duplicate the report produced by the internal audit function.

Required:
Explain how the purpose and content of an internal auditor’s report on internal control deficiencies differ from one prepared by the external auditor.
(7 marks)

Total: 20 marks

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2017 – L2 – Q3c – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Audit procedures for determining if PharmaCo can continue as a going concern.

PharmaCo provides scientific services to a wide range of clients. Typical assignments range from testing food for illegal additives to providing forensic analysis on items used to commit crimes to assist law enforcement officers.

The annual audit is nearly complete. As audit senior, you have reported to the engagement partner that PharmaCo is having some financial difficulties. Income has fallen due to the adverse effect of two high-profile court cases by customers who bought drugs from the company.

Required:
Explain the audit procedures that may be carried out to determine whether or not PharmaCo has the ability to continue as a going concern entity.

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  • 6 Marks

AA – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q5b – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment

Explain the going concern concept and list tests and procedures an auditor performs to assess going concern.

Briefly explain what is meant by the ‘Going Concern Concept’ and describe the test and procedures that the auditor needs to perform to form an opinion on management’s conclusion that the company is a going concern. (6 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2020 – L2 – Q4a – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Identify who is responsible for ensuring the going concern basis in preparing financial statements.

Your audit firm has almost completed the audit of SG Ltd. At the review stage, the audit manager assembled the engagement team and wanted to find out whether the audit evidence obtained shows that the company is a going concern.

Required:
i) Outline whose responsibility it is to ensure that the going concern basis used in the preparation of the financial statements is reasonable and acceptable.
(7 marks)

ii) Outline with examples the THREE (3) broad classifications of going concern indicators. (3 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q4a – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Defines going concern and discusses the auditor's responsibilities and procedures in relation to going concern.

Pinto Ltd (Pinto) provides analytical services to a wide range of clients. Typical assignments range from testing food for illegal additives to providing forensic analysis on items used to commit crimes to assist law enforcement officers.

The annual audit is nearly complete. As Audit Senior, you have reported to the Engagement Partner that Pinto is having some financial difficulties. Income has fallen due to the adverse effect of two high-profile court cases, where Pinto’s services to assist the prosecution were found to be in error. Not only did this provide adverse publicity for Pinto, but a number of clients did not renew their contracts. A senior employee then left Pinto, stating lack of investment in new analysis machines thus increasing the risk of incorrect information being provided by the company.

A cash flow forecast prepared internally showed Pinto requiring significant additional cash within the next 12 months to maintain even the current level of services and operations. Pinto’s auditors have been asked to provide a negative assurance report on this forecast.

Required:
i) Define going concern and discuss the auditor’s responsibilities in respect of going concern.
(4 marks)

ii) State FIVE (5) audit procedures that may be carried out to determine whether or not Pinto is a going concern.
(6 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AA – May 2021 – L2 – Q2b – udit and Assurance Risk Environment, Completion Procedures and Reporting

State audit tests necessary to determine if an entity is a going concern.

ISA 570: Going Concern guides auditors to ensure that an entity can continue to operate into the foreseeable future.

Required:
State TWO (2) audit tests necessary to ascertain whether an entity is a going concern. (5 marks)

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