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AA – May 2017 – L2 – SA – Q3 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors

Identification of threats to ethical principles and safeguards for accountants.

There are a variety of circumstances that could give rise to the threats of self-interest, advocacy, familiarity, and intimidation against the five fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, personal competence and due care, confidentiality, and professional behaviour as enunciated in the Code of Ethics. There are, however, safeguards created to help the Professional Accountant in such circumstances.

You are required to:

  1. (a) List FIVE safeguards created by the profession and legislation. (5 Marks)
  2. (b) Identify and explain FIVE safeguards that could be created by firms of Chartered Accountants. (10 Marks)
  3. (c) List FIVE possible safeguards that an individual Chartered Accountant could apply. (5 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q3b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Discusses the threats and safeguards related to a former Finance Director reviewing audit work for their former company.

Ackah Senzu had been the Finance Director of Keke Ltd for the immediate past eight years, influencing all the major financial policies of the company. Last year, he moved to Plus Associates, an audit firm, as a Partner. The Directors of Keke Ltd then appointed Plus Associates as their auditors because of the strong relationship with Ackah Senzu. The Senior Partner assumed the engagement responsibility of the audit of Keke Ltd but asked Ackah Senzu to review the audit work.

Required:
Discuss the threats and safeguards of this decision.

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AAA – May 2020 – L3 – Q1a -Rules of professional conduct, Professional responsibility and liability

Discuss five ethical issues arising for auditors when performing an audit engagement.

You are an audit manager at Abdulai Afriyie & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are currently preparing the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd for the year ended 28 February 2019. Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd is a small Mining and Minerals Company which offers an extensive range of services that covers exploration, jewellery production, industrial applications, decommissioning and closure. You reviewed the previous years’ files for this client and noted the following:

i) The previous financial statements were prepared by the Consulting Division of Abdulai Afriyie & Co. and there is nothing in any of the files to suggest any particular difficulty with the assignment.

ii) In the course of the review of the files, it was observed there is a note explaining that on the completion of the assignment, each member of the consulting team with whom the client had come into contact, was given a gift of “presentation box” of the client’s Jewelleries. These presentation boxes contain samples of each of the different jewelleries produced by the client. These boxes are not available for sale but are sometimes given as gifts (for example, at Christmas) to loyal customers and others such as school principals who are seen to bring business to the client. Since this was a non-assurance assignment, the gifts were automatically and gratefully accepted.

iii) In early January 2019, the company received correspondence from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) claiming that the company has failed to pay certain mineral royalties which are usually charged on the jewellery manufactured. Normally, these levies are automatically deducted when miners or mining companies sell minerals to dealers. In this case, all of the minerals extracted were used to make jewels and ornaments by the company itself; and so the company never considered the possibility that such royalties might apply to it. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd tells you that he has done some research into the issue. It is his view that an argument can be made that the royalties do not apply in this case. However, should they apply, the amounts outstanding could be material since a number of years of non-payment might be involved. The CEO is aware that Abdulai Afriyie & Co. has a lot of Jewelleries based clients and has asked if Abdulai Afriyie & Co. would handle this matter as a separate assignment in addition to the audit.

Required:
Discuss FIVE (5) ethical issues that may arise for Abdulai Afriyie & Co. in relation to the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd. (10 marks)

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AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q2a Professional Responsibility and Liability

Evaluate ethical threats affecting audit independence and recommend safeguards to eliminate or mitigate them.

Your audit firm, Adjaye-Gyamfi & Co. has just taken on a new client, Ablordey Ltd (Ablordey), a very successful health club that provides gym and fitness services. The company operates a chain of fitness centers with a wide range of workout equipment, solarium rooms, fitness sessions, nutritional planning, changing rooms, and locker facilities.

You have just been informed that your firm has received an invitation to tender for the audit of the company that owns Gyms Ltd., a major competitor of Ablordey. The Managing Director of Ablordey, Kusiwaa, is an old college friend of your audit manager, and it was through his connection that your firm was able to tender for its audit. You have been assigned as senior auditor for Ablordey.

On a recent visit to your office, Kusiwaa stated that she would like to extend an offer that all staff of Adjaye-Gyamfi & Co. would be eligible for a special membership rate, which is 50% of standard membership rates and entitles the member to 75% off special classes.

She proposed that you sit on the board of directors at Ablordey as a non-executive director. Additionally, she proposed that your firm confirm, as part of the audit, the figures on an insurance claim to be submitted in respect of damage caused by a burst water pipe. The pipe burst during a spell of cold weather in the main gym area prior to the year-end.

Required:

In the context of the above scenario: i) Evaluate FOUR (4) ethical threats (real or perceived) which may affect the independence of your firm’s audit of Ablordey; and (4 marks) ii) For each threat, recommend how it might be eliminated or mitigated to a satisfactory level. (6 marks)

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AA – May 2017 – L2 – SA – Q3 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors

Identification of threats to ethical principles and safeguards for accountants.

There are a variety of circumstances that could give rise to the threats of self-interest, advocacy, familiarity, and intimidation against the five fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, personal competence and due care, confidentiality, and professional behaviour as enunciated in the Code of Ethics. There are, however, safeguards created to help the Professional Accountant in such circumstances.

You are required to:

  1. (a) List FIVE safeguards created by the profession and legislation. (5 Marks)
  2. (b) Identify and explain FIVE safeguards that could be created by firms of Chartered Accountants. (10 Marks)
  3. (c) List FIVE possible safeguards that an individual Chartered Accountant could apply. (5 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q3b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Discusses the threats and safeguards related to a former Finance Director reviewing audit work for their former company.

Ackah Senzu had been the Finance Director of Keke Ltd for the immediate past eight years, influencing all the major financial policies of the company. Last year, he moved to Plus Associates, an audit firm, as a Partner. The Directors of Keke Ltd then appointed Plus Associates as their auditors because of the strong relationship with Ackah Senzu. The Senior Partner assumed the engagement responsibility of the audit of Keke Ltd but asked Ackah Senzu to review the audit work.

Required:
Discuss the threats and safeguards of this decision.

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AAA – May 2020 – L3 – Q1a -Rules of professional conduct, Professional responsibility and liability

Discuss five ethical issues arising for auditors when performing an audit engagement.

You are an audit manager at Abdulai Afriyie & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are currently preparing the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd for the year ended 28 February 2019. Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd is a small Mining and Minerals Company which offers an extensive range of services that covers exploration, jewellery production, industrial applications, decommissioning and closure. You reviewed the previous years’ files for this client and noted the following:

i) The previous financial statements were prepared by the Consulting Division of Abdulai Afriyie & Co. and there is nothing in any of the files to suggest any particular difficulty with the assignment.

ii) In the course of the review of the files, it was observed there is a note explaining that on the completion of the assignment, each member of the consulting team with whom the client had come into contact, was given a gift of “presentation box” of the client’s Jewelleries. These presentation boxes contain samples of each of the different jewelleries produced by the client. These boxes are not available for sale but are sometimes given as gifts (for example, at Christmas) to loyal customers and others such as school principals who are seen to bring business to the client. Since this was a non-assurance assignment, the gifts were automatically and gratefully accepted.

iii) In early January 2019, the company received correspondence from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) claiming that the company has failed to pay certain mineral royalties which are usually charged on the jewellery manufactured. Normally, these levies are automatically deducted when miners or mining companies sell minerals to dealers. In this case, all of the minerals extracted were used to make jewels and ornaments by the company itself; and so the company never considered the possibility that such royalties might apply to it. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd tells you that he has done some research into the issue. It is his view that an argument can be made that the royalties do not apply in this case. However, should they apply, the amounts outstanding could be material since a number of years of non-payment might be involved. The CEO is aware that Abdulai Afriyie & Co. has a lot of Jewelleries based clients and has asked if Abdulai Afriyie & Co. would handle this matter as a separate assignment in addition to the audit.

Required:
Discuss FIVE (5) ethical issues that may arise for Abdulai Afriyie & Co. in relation to the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd. (10 marks)

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AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q2a Professional Responsibility and Liability

Evaluate ethical threats affecting audit independence and recommend safeguards to eliminate or mitigate them.

Your audit firm, Adjaye-Gyamfi & Co. has just taken on a new client, Ablordey Ltd (Ablordey), a very successful health club that provides gym and fitness services. The company operates a chain of fitness centers with a wide range of workout equipment, solarium rooms, fitness sessions, nutritional planning, changing rooms, and locker facilities.

You have just been informed that your firm has received an invitation to tender for the audit of the company that owns Gyms Ltd., a major competitor of Ablordey. The Managing Director of Ablordey, Kusiwaa, is an old college friend of your audit manager, and it was through his connection that your firm was able to tender for its audit. You have been assigned as senior auditor for Ablordey.

On a recent visit to your office, Kusiwaa stated that she would like to extend an offer that all staff of Adjaye-Gyamfi & Co. would be eligible for a special membership rate, which is 50% of standard membership rates and entitles the member to 75% off special classes.

She proposed that you sit on the board of directors at Ablordey as a non-executive director. Additionally, she proposed that your firm confirm, as part of the audit, the figures on an insurance claim to be submitted in respect of damage caused by a burst water pipe. The pipe burst during a spell of cold weather in the main gym area prior to the year-end.

Required:

In the context of the above scenario: i) Evaluate FOUR (4) ethical threats (real or perceived) which may affect the independence of your firm’s audit of Ablordey; and (4 marks) ii) For each threat, recommend how it might be eliminated or mitigated to a satisfactory level. (6 marks)

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