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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Analyze ethical considerations for an auditor accepting a client, including MD's remarks on audit expectations and conflict-of-interest procedures.

Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR) is a limited liability company floated by the
Federal Government to control water related activities and resources. Its operations
cover surface and under water activities. The company is about three years old. As is the practice with entities having government interest, NWR wanted to change the company‟s auditors. It therefore, invited tenders for the audit assignment through a national newspaper. In order to score an advantage over other bidders, the firm of John Ibrahim and Co. (Chartered Accountants) decided to quote a seemingly unrealistic fee level in order to get the job. The Managing Director (MD) of the company did not see anything wrong with the low professional fee level since it will save costs for the company, especially that despite the clean audit report of the previous years, fraud and financial misdemeanour went undetected. The MD believed the annual statutory audit is just to “fulfil all righteousness”. John Ibrahim and Co. has been rated high since this firm
has as its client, another company in the same line of trade.

If the firm, John Ibrahim & Co., wins the bid to audit Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR):

a. Explain the ethical matters the firm should consider before client acceptance, at the point of engagement acceptance, and after accepting the appointment. (12 Marks)

b. Assess the remarks of the MD of NWR from the point of the expectation of the public as regards audit assignments. (8 Marks)

c. Explain the procedures the audit firm should undertake to avoid conflict of interests that could affect the judgment of the firm since John Ibrahim & Co. audits another client that is in direct competition with NWR. (6 Marks)

d. Explain the guidelines of the Institute’s Code with respect to advertisement by members. (4 Marks)

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BCL – May 2017 – L1 – Q2 – Contract Law

Evaluate the likelihood of success for legal actions based on an advertisement offering a reward for product effectiveness.

On 20 November 2015, the ‘Daily Graphic Newspaper’ advertised a promotion sale for Dabenda Company Limited stating that the Company’s “Miracle Balm” was capable of treating boils and foot-rot and that whoever bought the product and used it per the prescription without the boils and foot-rot disappearing would be entitled to GH¢200.00. Pursuant to that promise, the Company gave a standing order to its bankers on that pledge. The promotion sale was due to end on 19 November 2016.

Madam Akua Mansah heard of the advertisement and bought one of the balms. She used it according to the prescription and also applied some of the cream to her 14-year-old daughter who had similar problems but their boils and foot-rot still persisted. She intends to sue the Company.

Required:

i) Explain whether Madam Akua Mansah is likely to succeed with her intended action. (10 marks)

ii) Madam Akua Mansah’s daughter also intends to take action against the company. Explain her chances, if any. (10 marks)

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BCL – May 2021 – L1 – Q2a – Contract Law

Analysis of a contractual transaction based on an advertisement and determining entitlement to the offer.

Kakai Company Limited had for weeks advertised their products in the electronic and print media that “Buy GH¢450 worth of products from any of our branches and get one blender free”. The deadline for the promotion was 30 November 2020. Fiifi saw the advertisement and bought products worth GH¢600 from one of the branches on 1 October 2020. Fiifi demanded the free blender. However, the sales girl told him there was no free blender to be given in that branch. An argument then ensued.

Required:
i) Describe in TWO (2) ways the nature of the transaction. (4 marks)

ii) Determine whether Fiifi should be entitled to the blender. (6 marks)

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Analyze ethical considerations for an auditor accepting a client, including MD's remarks on audit expectations and conflict-of-interest procedures.

Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR) is a limited liability company floated by the
Federal Government to control water related activities and resources. Its operations
cover surface and under water activities. The company is about three years old. As is the practice with entities having government interest, NWR wanted to change the company‟s auditors. It therefore, invited tenders for the audit assignment through a national newspaper. In order to score an advantage over other bidders, the firm of John Ibrahim and Co. (Chartered Accountants) decided to quote a seemingly unrealistic fee level in order to get the job. The Managing Director (MD) of the company did not see anything wrong with the low professional fee level since it will save costs for the company, especially that despite the clean audit report of the previous years, fraud and financial misdemeanour went undetected. The MD believed the annual statutory audit is just to “fulfil all righteousness”. John Ibrahim and Co. has been rated high since this firm
has as its client, another company in the same line of trade.

If the firm, John Ibrahim & Co., wins the bid to audit Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR):

a. Explain the ethical matters the firm should consider before client acceptance, at the point of engagement acceptance, and after accepting the appointment. (12 Marks)

b. Assess the remarks of the MD of NWR from the point of the expectation of the public as regards audit assignments. (8 Marks)

c. Explain the procedures the audit firm should undertake to avoid conflict of interests that could affect the judgment of the firm since John Ibrahim & Co. audits another client that is in direct competition with NWR. (6 Marks)

d. Explain the guidelines of the Institute’s Code with respect to advertisement by members. (4 Marks)

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BCL – May 2017 – L1 – Q2 – Contract Law

Evaluate the likelihood of success for legal actions based on an advertisement offering a reward for product effectiveness.

On 20 November 2015, the ‘Daily Graphic Newspaper’ advertised a promotion sale for Dabenda Company Limited stating that the Company’s “Miracle Balm” was capable of treating boils and foot-rot and that whoever bought the product and used it per the prescription without the boils and foot-rot disappearing would be entitled to GH¢200.00. Pursuant to that promise, the Company gave a standing order to its bankers on that pledge. The promotion sale was due to end on 19 November 2016.

Madam Akua Mansah heard of the advertisement and bought one of the balms. She used it according to the prescription and also applied some of the cream to her 14-year-old daughter who had similar problems but their boils and foot-rot still persisted. She intends to sue the Company.

Required:

i) Explain whether Madam Akua Mansah is likely to succeed with her intended action. (10 marks)

ii) Madam Akua Mansah’s daughter also intends to take action against the company. Explain her chances, if any. (10 marks)

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BCL – May 2021 – L1 – Q2a – Contract Law

Analysis of a contractual transaction based on an advertisement and determining entitlement to the offer.

Kakai Company Limited had for weeks advertised their products in the electronic and print media that “Buy GH¢450 worth of products from any of our branches and get one blender free”. The deadline for the promotion was 30 November 2020. Fiifi saw the advertisement and bought products worth GH¢600 from one of the branches on 1 October 2020. Fiifi demanded the free blender. However, the sales girl told him there was no free blender to be given in that branch. An argument then ensued.

Required:
i) Describe in TWO (2) ways the nature of the transaction. (4 marks)

ii) Determine whether Fiifi should be entitled to the blender. (6 marks)

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