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  • 40 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Prepare financial statements from a trial balance, including adjustments for provisions, tax, asset disposals, depreciation, and development costs.

The following is the trial balance of Almajiri Nigeria Limited as at September 30, 2018:

Account Debit (₦’m) Credit (₦’m)
Revenue 60,000
Cost of sales 40,800
Distribution costs 2,900
Administrative expenses 4,440
Interest on bank borrowings 40
Research and development costs 1,720
Leasehold property (at valuation Oct 1, 2017) 10,000
Plant and equipment (at cost) 15,320
Plant and equipment (accum. depr. at Oct 1, 2017) 4,920
Capitalised development expenditure (Oct 1, 2017) 4,000
Development expenditure (accum. amortiz. at Oct 1, 2017) 1,200
Closing inventory (30 Sept 2018) 4,000
Trade receivables 8,620
Bank 260
Trade payables & provisions 4,760
Preference dividend paid 160
Dividend paid on ordinary shares 1,200
Ordinary shares at 25k each 10,000
8% Redeemable preference shares at N1 each (year 2020) 4,000
Retained earnings brought forward 4,900
Deferred tax 1,160
Leasehold property revaluation reserve 2,000
Total 93,200 93,200

Additional information:
(i)
One of the reputable customers of Almajiri Nigeria Limited sued the company for
N
400 million for breach of contract over a cancelled order. Almajiri Nigeria
Limited obtained a legal opinion that there is 20% chance that Almajiri will lose the
case.
Accordingly, it has provided for N
80 million (N
400 million x 20%) included in
administrative expenses in respect of the claim. The unrecoverable legal cost of
defending the action was estimated at N20 million and these have not been
provided for as the legal action will not go to court until next year.
(ii)
The directors of the Company have estimated the provision for income tax for the
year ended September 30, 2018 at N2,280 million. The required deferred tax
provision at September 30, is N
1,200 million.
(iii) The redeemable preference shares were issued on April 1, 2018 at par. They are
redeemable at a large premium which gives them an effective finance cost of 12%
per annum.
(iv) The leasehold property had a remaining life of 20 years at October 1, 2017. The
company‟s policy is to revalue its property at each year end and as at September
30, 2018 it was revalued at N
8,600 million.
(v) On October 1, 2017 an item of plant and equipment was disposed of for N500
million cash. The proceeds have been treated as revenue by the company. The
plant is still included in the company‟s trial balance figure at the cost of N
million and accumulated depreciation of N
1,600
800 million (to date of disposal). All
plants and equipment are depreciated at 20% per annum using reducing balance
method. Depreciation and amortisation of all non-current assets are charged to
cost of sales.
(vi) In addition to capitalised development expenditure of N
4,000 million further
research and development cost were incurred on a new project which commenced
on October 1, 2017. The research stage of the new project lasted until December
31, 2017 and incurred N
280 million costs, from that date the project incurred
development cost of N160 million per month. On April 1, 2018 the directors
became confident that the project would be successful and yield a profit well in
excess of its costs. The project is still in development as at September 30, 2018.

Capitalised development expenditure is amortised at 20% per annum using straight
line method. All expensed research and development expenditure is charged to
cost of sales.

You are required to prepare:
a. Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended
September 30, 2018.

b. Statement of changes in equity for the year ended September 30, 2018.

c. Statement of movement in property, plant and equipment to be included in
published financial statements.

d. Statement of financial position as at September 30, 2018.

 

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  • 10 Marks

FR – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q2d – Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates, and Errors (IAS 8)

Required adjustments for Eko Transport Company’s overstated inventory, dividend error, and omitted share issue.

Eko Transport Company (ETC) Limited is preparing its financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2019. The draft statement of changes in equity is presented as follows:

 

Additional Information:

  1. On January 10, 2020, ETC Limited discovered that inventory was overstated by N105 million as at August 31, 2019, and by N90 million as at August 31, 2018.
  2. There was a transposition error in reporting dividend payments in the statement of changes in equity. The correct figure as at August 31, 2019, was N105 million.
  3. The company income tax rate is 30% in each year.
  4. On August 31, 2019, additional shares of 50,000,000 were issued at N1.25 per share. The par value of ETC Limited shares is N1.00 per share. This was inadvertently omitted in the record.

You are required to prepare:
i. Revised Comparative Income Statements after necessary adjustments for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2019. (3 Marks)
ii. Adjusted Statement of Changes in Equity as at August 31, 2019. (5 Marks)
iii. The journal entries to correct the errors in (2) and (4) above. (2 Marks)

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FR – May 2020 – L2 – Q3c – Statement of Changes in Equity

Prepare a statement of changes in equity for Badu Trading Ltd, including dividends, revaluation reserves, and retained profits adjustments for the year ending May 31, 2020.

Prepare the following information in a form suitable for publication for Badu Trading Ltd’s financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2020.

c) Statement of changes in equity. (6 marks)

 

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Bank Reconciliation

Preparing an adjusted cash book and bank reconciliation for a club with discrepancies.

a. Bank Statement is a mirror of any entity’s cash book, and they are expected to have equal balances at any point in time. However, this is not usually the case. Based on the ongoing statement, state five reasons that could cause the bank statement balance to differ from the cash book balance. (5 Marks)

b. The Treasurer of Young Star Social Club (YSSC) did not keep proper records for receipts and payments for the month of December 2014, causing mistrust among members. He has decided to seek your assistance to prepare a bank reconciliation statement before presenting the account to the club members.

The bank statement and the receipts and payments cash book of the club on December 31, 2014, showed a credit balance of N205,000 and N2,078,000, respectively. A comparison of the bank statement with the receipts and payment cash book of the club revealed the following:

i. Cheque drawn but not presented N3,160,000
ii. Amount lodged in the bank but not credited N725,000
iii. Entries in bank statement not recorded in receipts and payments cash book:

  • Standing order for loan refund N35,000
  • Interest received on deposit account N18,000
  • Bank charges N15,000
  • Cheque paid-in but returned with “refer to drawer” N120,000

Required:
i. Prepare an adjusted cash book as at December 31, 2014; (8 Marks)
ii. Prepare the Bank Reconciliation Statement showing the balance on December 31, 2014. (7 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q5 – Financial Statements Preparation

The question identifies the term for an extended trial balance that incorporates adjustments.

The extension of a trial balance to incorporate details of accounting adjustments, in order to arrive at the final trial balance for the preparation of statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position is referred to as:
A. Extension summary sheet
B. Spread sheet analysis
C. Extended Accounts balances lists
D. Extended trial balance
E. Extended balance sheet

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Nov 2021 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Trial Balance

This question involves preparing financial statements based on a given trial balance and additional adjustments.

The following balances remained in the books of Chukwu Limited as at December 31, 2020:

Accounts ₦’000
200,000,000 ordinary shares of N1 each 200,000
Cash at bank and in hand 500
Inventory (December 31, 2020) 61,200
Receivables 18,005
Payables 15,009
Gross profit 128,942
General reserves 25,000
Salaries and wages 28,430
Prepayments 600
Bad debts written off 500
Accrued expenses 526
Director’s account (Credit) 2,500
Interest on loan notes (half year) 600
Sundry expenses 4,100
Rates and insurance 1,520
6% loan notes 20,000
Lighting and cooling 1,310
Postage and telephones 800
Motor vehicles (Cost ₦25,000,000) 25,000
Office fittings and equipment (Cost ₦65,500,000) 42,350
Provision for depreciation – Motor vehicles 10,000
Provision for depreciation – Office fittings & equipment 23,150
Profit or loss (January 1, 2020) (Credit) 22,300
Land and buildings (Cost) 239,362

Additional Information:

  1. Office fittings and equipment are to be depreciated at 15% on cost, and motor vehicles at 20% of cost.
  2. Provisions are to be made for:
    • Directors’ fees of N6,000,000
    • Audit fees of N2,500,000
  3. The amount for insurance includes a premium of ₦600,000 paid in September 2020 to cover fire loss for the period September 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021.
  4. A bill for N548,000 in respect of electricity consumed up to December 31, 2020, has not been accounted for.
  5. The directors have recommended:
    • N15,000,000 be transferred to general reserves
    • A 5% dividend on ordinary share capital

You are required to prepare:
a. The trial balance of Chukwu Limited at December 31, 2020. (6 Marks)
b. The statement of profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2020. (8 Marks)
c. The statement of financial position as at December 31, 2020. (6 Marks)
Note: Ignore taxation.

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2022 – L1 – SA – Q15 – Bank Reconciliation

Identify the bank statement item that should not be adjusted in the cash book balance.

Which of the following bank statement items should NOT be added or subtracted from the cash book balance to determine the adjusted bank balance?
A. Bank service charges
B. Unpresented cheques
C. Direct transfer
D. Cash book error
E. Value added tax

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  • 20 Marks

FR – April 2022 – L2 – Q3 – Preparation of Financial Statements and Adjustments

Prepare the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position for Caput Plc for the year ended 31 December 2020, incorporating necessary adjustments.

The trial balance of Caput Plc, as at 31 December, 2020 is provided below:


Additional Information:
1. An inventory count at 31 December 2020 amounted to GH¢15,750,000. This includes damaged goods with a cost of GH¢1,200,000. These will require remedial work costing GH¢675,000 and could be sold for GH¢1,425,000.
2. Finance cost is made up of the full year’s preference and ordinary dividends paid.
3. Non-Current Assets:

  • Land and Building were revalued at GH¢22,500,000 and GH¢72,000,000 respectively on 1 January 2020, resulting in revaluation gain of GH¢11,000,000 for the current year. At that date, the remaining life of the building was 15 years. Depreciation is on a s

    • traight-line basis. Ignore deferred tax implications.

  • Depreciation on Plant and Equipment is at 12.5% on a reducing balance basis.
  • Investment Property: On 31 December 2020, a qualified surveyor valued the property at GH¢20,250,000. Caput Plc uses the fair value model under IAS 40: Investment Property to value its investment property.
  • It is the policy of the company to charge depreciation on a full-year basis

    • .

4. The directors have estimated the provision for income tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 at GH¢12,000,000. The deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 is to be adjusted so that the tax base of the company’s net assets is GH¢18,000,000 less than the carrying amount. Assume the rate of tax is 30%.
5. On 1 October 2020, Caput Plc imported a piece of equipment from a European supplier for €1 million and agreed to settle the bill in six months’ time. The relevant exchange rates are provided below:

No entries have been made for the above transaction. Any exchange difference on translation should be debited or credited to operating expenses.
Required:
Prepare for Caput Plc:
a) Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2020. (10 marks)
b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – May 2016 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Financial Statements Preparation

Preparing profit or loss and financial position for Uche & Sons as of September 30, 2015.

The following balances were extracted from the books of Uche and Sons as at September 30, 2015.

Additional Information:
(i) Inventories at September 30, 2015, was valued at N198,712,000
(ii) Rent prepaid at September 30, 2015, amounted to N3,200,000
(iii) Depreciation is to be provided on the motorcycle at the rate of 20% of cost per annum
(iv) Salaries and wages outstanding at September 30, 2015, amounted to N6,024,000
(v) Commission not yet due but already received at the trial balance date was N800,000
(vi) Additional irrecoverable debts of N2,840,000 are to be written off
(vii) Bank interest of N100,000 has fallen due but is yet to be received
(viii) Allowances for receivables are to be adjusted to 5% of receivables
(ix) Drawings by the owner of goods costing N1,600,000 and cheques of N2,400,000 are yet to be recorded

Using the extended trial balance, you are required to prepare:
a. Statement of profit or loss of Uche & Sons for the year ended September 30, 2015
b. Statement of financial position of Uche & Sons as at September 30, 2015

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  • 14 Marks

FA – May 2015 – L1 – Q4b – Trial Balance: Usefulness and Limitations

Prepare a trial balance from the extracted balances of Omoba Enterprises and recompute the entity’s capital for the period under review.

The following balances were extracted from the books of Omoba Enterprises as at 31 December 2013:

Details N’000
Accumulated depreciation 85,000
Administrative expenses 775,000
Accounts payables 585,000
Subscription 15,000
Rent and rates 130,000
Accounts receivables 475,000
Postage and stationery 125,000
Newspapers & periodicals 40,000
Utility 35,000
Allowances for Bad debt 85,000
Property, plant and equipment 925,000
Retained earnings 575,000
Audit fees 85,000
Revenue 2,500,000
Cost of sales 800,000
Other income 82,000
Cash and bank balances 882,000
Capital 375,000

Required:
i. Use the information above to extract a trial balance of Omoba Enterprises as at 31 December, 2013. (12 Marks)
ii. Use the information below to recompute the entity’s capital for the period under review:

  • Drawings: N250,000
  • Profit for the period: N315,000

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Mar 2023 – L1 – Q4 – Preparation of limited liability company financial statements

Prepares the Statement of Profit or Loss and Statement of Financial Position for a limited liability company, including depreciation and adjustments.

Vemso Oil Ltd has been in business for the past ten years. The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Vemso Oil Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2021:

Account GH¢’000 GH¢’000
Bank 46,200
Trade Payable 25,000
Petty Cash 4,000
Directors’ Current Account 320,000
Computer and Accessories 8,370
Computer and Accessories: Accumulated Depreciation 3,348
Furniture and Fittings 10,255
Furniture and Fittings: Accumulated Depreciation 2,050
Land and Building 214,000
Land and Building: Accumulated Depreciation 8,560
Office Equipment 12,250
Office Equipment: Accumulated Depreciation 2,450
Plant and Machinery 239,400
Plant and Machinery: Accumulated Depreciation 47,880
Inventory 1,900
Staff Loan 5,088
Payroll Liabilities 550
Taxation 3,003
Retained Earnings 49,282
Share Capital 10,000
Sales 574,145
Purchases 355,000
Bank Service Charges 1,300
Business Promotion 1,500
Communication 1,900
Insurance 1,660
Licenses and Permits 6,650
Medical expenses 155
Printing and Stationery 300
Professional Fees: Legal Fees 500
Repairs: Equipment Repairs 2,600
Salaries 23,050
Electricity 780
Water 280
Vehicle Running Expense 4,560
Totals 993,983 993,983

Additional information:
i) Closing inventory as at December 2021 amounts to GH¢48,500,000.
ii) The following assets were bought during the year 2021. However, this transaction was not recorded in the above trial balance:

  • Computer and Accessories: GH¢8,000,000
  • Fixtures and Fittings: GH¢5,000,000
  • Plant and Machinery: GH¢25,000,000
    iii) The following are the rates of depreciation being used by the company, however, depreciation for 2021 is yet to be charged:
  • Land and Building: 1%
  • Computer and Accessories: 20%
  • Furniture and Fittings: 10%
  • Plant and Machinery: 20%
  • Office Equipment: 20%
    iv) Electricity stated in the trial balance includes January 2022 electricity bill, while that of water represents six months’ payment for the year 2021.
    v) Staff bonus amounting to GH¢15,000,000 was agreed on 31 December 2021 for staff. However, it was paid after the year-end.

Required:

a) Prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December 2021. (10 marks)
b) Prepare the Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Dec 2023 – L1 – Q4 – Inventory | Preparation of limited liability company financial statements

Prepares the Statement of Profit and Loss and the Statement of Financial Position for a limited liability company based on a trial balance and additional information.

The trial balance for Odum Ltd. as at 31 December 2021 is as follows:

Account Dr (GHȼ) Cr (GHȼ)
Sales revenue 377,615
Purchases 130,006
Inventory as at 1 January 2021 60,890
Insurances 5,678
Salaries 61,600
Electricity 4,250
General expenses 8,663
Allowance for receivables 540
Land and Buildings at cost 80,000
Buildings accumulated depreciation 21,500
Machinery at cost 65,000
Machinery accumulated depreciation 12,400
Fixtures and fittings at cost 24,000
Fixtures and fittings accumulated depreciation 9,600
Trade receivables 64,500
Trade payables 14,062
Bank 20,110
Ordinary shares 50,000
Retained earnings as at 1 January 2021 15,480
10% Loan 25,000
Loan interest 1,500

(Dr Total: 526,197 GH¢ / Cr Total: 526,197 GH¢)

Additional Information:

  1. Inventory at 31 December 2021 amounted to GHȼ80,000. Some goods sent out on a sale or return basis have been treated as credit sales. These goods cost GHȼ6,000 and had been invoiced to the customer for GHȼ7,500. The customer has informed the company that it now intends to return these goods.
  2. The balance shown for salaries covers the 11 months to 30 November 2021. Salaries for December 2021 are due and unpaid. There have been no salary increases over the previous 12 months, and an equal amount is paid each month.
  3. Insurances include GHȼ660 for the half-year ended on 31 March 2022.
  4. Dividends paid during the year of GHȼ2,700 have been credited to bank and debited to General expenses.
  5. The loan was obtained in August 2018 and is repayable in full during the financial year ended 31 December 2023.
  6. Depreciation is to be provided on all machinery at 15% per annum using the reducing balance method. Machinery costing GHȼ15,000 was purchased on 1 July 2021, and this is included in the balance shown for machinery. Depreciation is calculated for each proportion of the year for which machinery is held. There were no disposals of machinery during the year.
  7. All the fixtures and fittings were purchased for GHȼ24,000 on 1 January 2019. Depreciation is to be charged using the straight-line method.
  8. Buildings are to be depreciated by GHȼ3,500 for the year. Land is not depreciated.
  9. Allowance for receivables is to be provided as GHȼ2,400 for a specific debt, plus 4% on the remainder of receivables.
  10. Taxation for the year is estimated as GHȼ42,012.

(Note: Revenue and expenses are deemed to accrue evenly throughout the year)

Required:
Prepare, for Odum Ltd, the following statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

a) The Statement of Profit and Loss for the year ended 31 December 2021. (10 marks)
b) The Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – May 2019 – L1 – Q3 – Accruals and prepayments | Non-current assets and depreciation

Explain accruals and depreciation concepts, and adjust the financial statements of a sole trader for various accruals, prepayments, and depreciation.

a) Identify, and briefly explain, the basic accounting principle which requires prepayments to be included in final accounts. (3 marks)

b) Briefly explain the purpose of depreciation charge in the statement of profit or loss. (2 marks)

c) A newly qualified accountant has prepared draft accounts for a client for the year ended September 2018, but has not dealt with the adjustments for accrued expenses, prepaid expenses, irrecoverable debts, allowance for receivables, and depreciation.

Below is the statement of financial position prepared by the newly qualified accountant.

The newly qualified accountant has given the following information about the remaining adjustments:

  • The last fixed bill paid for electricity covered three months period to 31 July 2018. The bill was GH¢34,350.
  • Rent of GH¢142,500 for six months to December 2018 was paid in March 2018.
  • The trade receivables figure of GH¢747,055 in the draft account is stated after deducting allowance for doubtful debts of GH¢39,500 from the total receivable balance of GH¢786,555.
  • The trade receivable balance of GH¢786,555 includes a balance of GH¢3,300 which has been outstanding for 10 months. The client has decided to write this balance off his books.
  • The policy of the client is to allow for receivables on the basis of the length of time the debt has been outstanding. The aged analysis of trade receivables as at 30 September 2018 is as follows:

Required:
i) Calculate the accrued electricity expense and the prepayment for rent, and update the financial statements. (4 marks)

ii) Calculate the new allowance for receivables and update the financial statements. (3 marks)

iii) Calculate the depreciation charge and update the financial statements. (2 marks)

iv) Prepare the updated Statement of Financial Position after accounting for the above adjustments. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – May 2017 – L1 – Q2 – Preparation of limited liability company financial statements | The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Preparation of financial statements for Adepa Ltd, including income statement and statement of financial position from trial balance and additional information.

Adepa, a limited liability Company, has the following Trial balance as at 31 December 2016:

Dr (GH¢’000) Cr (GH¢’000)
Cash at bank 100
Inventory at January, 2016 2,400
Administrative expenses 2,206
Distribution costs 650
Non-current assets at cost:
– Buildings 10,000
– Plant and equipment 1,400
– Motor vehicles 320
Suspense 1,500
Accumulated depreciation:
– Buildings 4,000
– Plant and equipment 480
– Motor vehicles 120
Retained earnings 560
Trade receivables 876
Purchases 4,200
Dividend paid 200
Sales revenue 11,752
Sales tax payable 1,390
Trade payables 1,050
Capital surplus 500
GH¢ 1 ordinary shares 1,000
Totals 22,352 22,352

The following additional information is relevant:

  1. Inventory at 31 December, 2016 was valued at GH¢1,600,000. While doing the inventory count, errors in the previous year’s inventory count were discovered. The inventory brought forward at the beginning of the year should have been GH¢2,200,000 not GH¢2,400,000 as stated above.
  2. Depreciation is to be provided as follows:
    • Buildings at 5% straight line, charged to administrative expenses
    • Plant and equipment at 20% on the reducing balance basis, charged to cost of sales
    • Motor vehicles at 25% on the reducing balance basis, charged to distribution costs.
  3. No final dividend is being proposed.
  4. A customer has gone bankrupt owing GH¢76,000. This debt is not expected to be recovered and an adjustment should be made. 5% provision for bad debt is to be made.
  5. 1 million new ordinary shares were issued at GH¢1.50 on 1 December 2016. The proceeds have been left in a suspense account.

Required: a) Prepare an Income Statement for Adepa Ltd for the year ended 31 December, 2016. (10 marks)

b) Prepare a Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December, 2016. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – May 2016 – L1 – Q3 – Bank reconciliations

Prepare an adjusted cash book, a bank reconciliation statement, and discuss the benefits of reconciling cash book and bank statement balances.

The following is a summary from the cash book of BW Ltd for July 2015:

Description GH¢
Opening balance 1,530
Receipts 23,104
Payments (23,005)
Closing balance 1,629

On investigation, it was discovered that:
i) Bank charges of GH¢15 shown on the bank statement have not been entered in the cash book.
ii) A cheque drawn for GH¢110 to pay a supplier has been entered in the cash book as a receipt.
iii) A cheque from a customer for GH¢120, which was banked (and included above in receipts), has been returned by the bank, but this has not been adjusted in the company’s books.
iv) An error of transposition which occurred in the opening balance of the cash book should have been recorded as GH¢1,350.
v) Cheques totaling GH¢264 have been sent by post to suppliers but were not presented to the company’s bank until August 2015.
vi) The last page of a bank account paying-in book shows a deposit of GH¢1,040 which was not credited to the account by the bank until 1st August 2015.
vii) The company’s bank statement at 31st July 2015 shows a balance of GH¢318.

Required:
a) Demonstrate any adjustments needed to the company’s accounting records. (8 marks)
b) Prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement as at 31st July 2015. (6 marks)
c) Explain THREE benefits to BW Ltd of reconciling its cash book and bank statement balances. (6 marks)

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