Professional Body: ICA (Nigeria)

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Compute tax liabilities and discuss incentives for Dutse Mines in mining solid minerals

Question

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Question:

As investors and policymakers adapt to the global energy transition in a bid to offer an effective hedge against swings in oil prices, the Federal Government has recognised that it is beneficial for the country to diversify its economy. The attention of the country is now towards the development of the solid minerals sector. The Nigeria Minerals and Mining Act 2007 (as amended) was enacted to regulate the industry. Incentives for operators in the sector are as provided for in Section 5 of the Act.

One of the earliest investors in the mining sector, Dutse Mines (Nigeria) Limited, was granted a mining title by the Mining Cadastre Office (MCO) for exploitation of limestone in Nkalagu in the south-eastern zone of Nigeria in 2008. In spite of so many challenges the company is facing, it has managed to remain afloat in business.

The company has, of recent, been having tax disputes with the relevant tax authority, and your firm of chartered accountants has been engaged to help resolve them. In the 2022 tax returns filed by the company, the major area of dispute between the company and the tax authority was disparity in the treatment of certified exploration and processing expenditure of ₦60,000,000 incurred during the course of the year.

Your firm is provided with the following extracts (and supporting documents) from the books of the company for the year ended December 31, 2021:

Additional Information:

Sundry income included ₦8,500,000 realised as profit from disposal of the old excavating machine.
Allowance for doubtful debts consisted of:
- Bad debts written off: ₦2,500,000
- General allowance for doubtful debts: ₦10,500,000
- Specific allowance for doubtful debts: ₦8,000,000
- Loan to customer written off: ₦5,000,000
Donation included ₦5,000,000 given to victims of environmental degradation, as part of the company’s social responsibility to the host community.
Legal fees included ₦750,000 paid as a penalty for late filing of tax returns.
The tax written down values of qualifying capital expenditure at the end of 2021 tax year were:
- Motor vehicles (2 years remaining): ₦25,000,000
- Furniture and fittings (utilised for 2 years): ₦22,500,000
- Mining expenditure (6 years remaining): ₦40,000,000

Required:

As the Manager (Tax Matters) assigned to handle this matter, you are to forward the report to your Senior Partner (Tax Matters) showing:

a. Computation of tax liabilities of the company for the relevant assessment year (14 Marks).
b. Comments on tax incentives available to a company in the mining of solid minerals in Nigeria (6 Marks).

Answer

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Tags: Allowable and Disallowable Expenses, Mining Taxation, Tax Incentives, Tax Liability Computation
Level: Level 3

Topic: Taxation of Specialized Businesses

ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Capital Gains Tax (CGT)

Address the principles of disposal under CGT Act, and compute CGT for transactions in Ikeja, Calabar, Abuja, and Kano.

Question

Disposal of assets is an important concept in the determination of capital gains tax payable. Section 6 of the Capital Gains Tax Act 2004 (as amended) specifically provides that a disposal of assets by a person occurs where any capital sum is derived from a sale, lease, transfer, an assignment, a compulsory acquisition, or any other disposition of assets, notwithstanding that no asset is acquired by the person paying the capital sum. In the same vein, Section 2 (4) of the Finance Act 2020 states the period for filing of self-assessment returns and when payment of the tax computed in respect of chargeable assets disposed of is to be made.

Nice-One Nigeria Limited, a manufacturing concern, with head office in Calabar and branches in Ikeja, Kano, and Abuja, has been in business for several years, reporting its accounts to December 31 of every year. The extracts from the books of accounts of the company during the year ended December 31, 2021, revealed the following transactions:

(i) Disposal of an option
On February 1, 2021, the company sold an option on a piece of land in Ikeja for the sum of ₦8,500,000 to Eco-Raheem Limited, which subsequently exercised the right by purchasing the land for ₦32,200,000.

(ii) Acquisition of asset in exchange for debt
On March 15, 2021, one of the company’s debtors in Calabar, Mr. Baba Tee, reached an agreement with the company by exchanging his piece of land, which was valued at ₦15,000,000, for the debt of ₦13,500,000. The company, on May 7, 2021, disposed of the land for ₦18,000,000. Incidental expenses incurred towards the disposal of the land were ₦250,000.

(iii) Disposal of a building
The company has a staff estate, which comprises five buildings in its Abuja branch. In order to source funds to construct a new staff estate in Kano, the company, on August 12, 2021, sold one of its buildings in the Abuja estate for ₦110,000,000. The cost of acquisition of the five buildings in the estate was ₦250,000,000. The cost of acquisition of the building sold was ₦75,000,000, while the remaining buildings unsold were professionally valued at ₦240,000,000. The company also incurred for the purpose of the disposal of the building, ₦400,000 on building repairs and a professional valuer’s fee of ₦1,100,000.

(iv) Disposal of industrial plants
One of the company’s industrial plants in the Kano branch, which cost ₦4,500,000, was disposed of on September 15, 2021, for ₦6,000,000. A new plant was bought for the purpose of the company’s operations the following month for ₦8,000,000. During the installation of the new plant, it was found that the plant could not efficiently satisfy the requirements of the company and it was subsequently sold on December 2, 2021, as “second-hand” for ₦7,300,000. The company incurred the sum of ₦25,000 as disposal expenses.

The Managing Director of the company is of the opinion that issues around the transactions undertaken by the company in the financial year are “technical,” which only competent professional accountants with experience in tax matters can conveniently handle. Accordingly, your firm of accountants was contacted to help provide tax advice on each of the above transactions.

Required:

You have been directed by your firm’s Head (Tax Matters) to take charge of the assignment and submit a report to him by the close of work in three days.

Your report should specifically cover:
(a) The principles of disposal as provided for in Section 6 of the Capital Gains Tax Act 2004 (as amended) (3 Marks).
(b) Computation of capital gains tax payable and when the tax due is to be paid to the relevant tax authority for the following stated transactions:
i. Disposal of an option in Ikeja branch (2 Marks).
ii. Acquisition of asset in exchange for debt in Calabar head office (3 Marks).
iii. Disposal of a building in Abuja branch (4 Marks).
iv. Disposal of industrial plants in Kano branch (8 Marks).

Answer

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Tags: Capital gains tax, CGT Act, Compliance, Disposal of assets
Level: Level 3

Topic: Capital Gains Tax (CGT)

ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Emerging Trends in Taxation

Discuss technology-driven tools, their impact, and challenges in tax practice and administration.

Question

Professional accountants engaged in tax practice or tax administration are often confronted with challenges due to the changing operating environment, particularly disruptive technologies. While clients demand cutting-edge services, many tax administrators in Nigeria still carry out their work manually.

In a seminar organised by ICAN, you highlighted that leveraging information technology could help tax practitioners and administrators enhance their work and remain relevant in today’s dynamic environment.

After the seminar, a principal partner of a traditional accounting firm approached you to organise a two-day in-house training for his staff on “Technological tools, impact, and challenges to tax practice and administration.”

Required:

Prepare a paper focusing on the following areas:
a. Identification and explanation of FOUR technology-driven tools that tax practitioners and administrators could use to enhance their work and reporting (8 Marks).
b. The impact of the identified technology-driven tools on tax practice and administration (8 Marks).
c. Challenges of technology-driven tools to tax practice and administration (4 Marks).

Answer

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Tags: IT in Tax Practice, Tax Administration, Tax Challenges, Tax Tools, Technology in Taxation
Level: Level 3

Topic: Emerging Trends in Taxation

ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Taxation of Companies

Determination of tax liabilities, treatment of donations, and exemptions of dividends based on CIT Act provisions.

Question

Dadinkowa Nigeria Limited has been in business since 2009 as a manufacturer of sugar cubes. The company sources its raw materials, sugar cane, from the Northern part of the country. However, due to local security challenges, the company has faced supply disruptions since 2016.

Additionally, the company has disagreements with tax authorities regarding the treatment of certain items (e.g., donations and dividend income) in their financial statements and returns. High overhead costs, especially energy expenses, have worsened operational challenges.

At a recent board meeting, the directors proposed either a temporary closure or relocating to a neighboring country if conditions do not improve in the next fiscal year. The General Manager shared this with you during your visit as the company’s tax consultant, seeking your advice to address these issues.

A scheduled meeting with the Managing Director requires you to prepare a comprehensive tax report addressing:

Determination of the company’s tax liabilities for the relevant tax year.
Analysis of the treatment of donations and exemptions of dividend income under the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA).

The profit or loss account for the year ended December 31, 2021, is as follows:

Profit or Loss Account:

Extract from the company’s statement of financial position as at December 31, 2021 revealed:

The following additional information was made available:

(v) Interest on loan was paid on a facility obtained from a licensed Nigerian deposit money bank at commercial interest rate.
(vi) General and administrative expenses were made up of:

(vii) Donations and subscriptions
Included in donations was N12,000,000 paid to a fund created by the Federal Government for victims of communal crisis that took place where the company is situated.
(viii) The tax written down values of the qualifying capital expenditure (QCE) items as at December 31, 2020 were:

(ix) Additions to QCEs during the year ended December 31, 2021 were:

(x) Unrelieved capital allowances brought forward were N15,200,000.
(xi) Unabsorbed losses from previous years were:

Required:

As the company’s Tax Consultant, you are to draft a report to the Managing Director for the scheduled meeting expected to hold next week. This is expected to address the following:
a. Determination of the company’s tax liabilities for the relevant tax year. (20 Marks)
b. Comment, in line with the provisions of Companies Income Tax Act Cap C21 LFN 2004 (as amended) on:
i. The treatment of donations made by the company during the year under review (5 Marks)
ii. Exemption of dividends from taxation (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Allowable and Disallowable Expenses, Capital allowances, Dividend Exemptions, Donations, Tax Incentives, Taxation of Companies
Level: Level 3

Topic: Taxation of Companies

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7b – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the content required in the Governance Report of corporate entities as mandated by SEC Nigeria.

Question

The Securities and Exchange Commission, Nigeria (SEC) requires that the annual report of all quoted companies should include a corporate governance statement. To this effect, general requirements for the content of the Governance Report are clearly spelt out.

Required:

Discuss the content of the Governance Report of corporate entities. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Annual Reports, Corporate Governance, Governance Reporting, SEC Nigeria
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7a – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Discuss unethical organizational acts and recommend the actions the Chief Accountant should take in a scenario of misrepresentation in financial reporting.

Question

Femmy PLC operates in a city where a major insurance company has just announced a restructuring that will lay off 4,000 employees. For Femmy PLC, accounts receivable represents one of the major assets of the company. Although the company’s annual uncollectible accounts are not out of line, they are material in size. The company is about to submit its application for a bank loan. Sales and net income have declined in the past year, and some customers are falling behind in settling their accounts.

A steady financial performance is necessary to be able to secure the anticipated bank loan. Therefore, management felt there is the need to underestimate the uncollectible accounts this year to show a small growth in earnings. They believe that future successful years will average out the losses.

More so, since the company has a history of success, the adjustments are seen as mere accounting measures and estimates. The Chief Accountant viewed management’s action as unethical.

Required:
i. Discuss the meaning of unethical acts by organizations. (5 Marks)
ii. What should the Chief Accountant do under this circumstance? (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Earnings Management, Financial Reporting Ethics, Professional Ethics, Unethical Accounting Practices
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the rationale for different regulatory frameworks and analyze sources of corporate financial reporting regulations in Nigeria.

Question

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are sets of accounting standards, and it is unrealistic to assume that these standards could not replace those based around rules. However, where a rule-based system has been in operation, there is likely to be an expansion of ethical challenges for both accountants and auditors involved with financial statements if a principles-based approach is adopted. Therefore, regulatory authorities need to ensure ethical practices to achieve high-quality financial statements. This is drawing attention to the need for closer or greater monitoring. Apart from this fact, corporate financial reporting regulations have been in operation before the advent of IFRS.

Required:

a. Appraise the rationale behind different regulatory frameworks for corporate financial reporting. (8 Marks)

b. Analyze in detail the various sources of regulations for corporate financial reporting in Nigeria. (7 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Reporting Regulations, Ethical Challenges, IFRS, Nigeria, Regulatory Frameworks
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the benefits and criticisms of principle-based accounting standards and the consequences of transitioning from rule-based to principle-based standards.

Question

The debate over principle-based and rule-based accounting standards has increased as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) seek to converge accounting standards for global uniformity. There have been divergent opinions as to whether rule-based standards are superior to principle-based standards and whether principle-based standards pose greater ethical challenges to accountants than rule-based standards.

Required:

a. What are the major benefits and basic criticisms of principle-based accounting standards? (10 Marks)

b. What are the consequences of transiting from rule-based to principle-based accounting standards? (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Accounting Ethics, Accounting Standards Debate, Global Convergence, Principle-Based Standards, Rule-Based Standards
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4 – Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

Evaluate the impact of restructuring plans on individual and group accounts for Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries.

Question

Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are both public limited companies wholly owned by Tanimo PLC, also a public limited company. Tanimo group PLC operates in the agro-allied industry; but the directors felt that the current structure does not serve their intended purpose and are therefore considering two different restructuring plans for the group.

The statements of financial position of Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC as at May 31, 2021, are as follows:

Statements of Financial Position as at May 31, 2021

Item	Tanimo PLC (Nm)	Emili PLC (Nm)	Wagbo PLC (Nm)
Property, Plant, and Equipment	600	200	45
Cost of Investment in Emili PLC	60	–	–
Cost of Investment in Wagbo PLC	70	–	–
Net Current Assets	160	100	20
Total Assets	890	300	65
Equity & Liabilities:
Share Capital (Ordinary Shares of N1 each)	120	60	40
Retained Earnings	770	240	25
Total Equity & Liabilities	890	300	65

Tanimo PLC acquired the investment in Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, when the company’s retained earnings balance was N20 million. The fair value of the net assets of Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, was N60 million.

Emili PLC was incorporated by Tanimo PLC on June 1, 2015, and has always been a wholly owned subsidiary. The fair value of the net assets of Emili PLC as at May 31, 2021, was N310 million, and of Wagbo PLC, it was N80 million. The fair values of the net current assets of both Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are approximately the same as their carrying amounts.

The directors are not certain what effects the following plans would have on the individual accounts of the companies and the group accounts. Local companies’ legislation requires that the amount at which share capital is recorded is dictated by the nominal value of the shares issued, and if the value of the consideration received exceeds that amount, the excess is recorded in the share premium account. Shares cannot be issued at a discount. In the case of a share-for-share exchange, the value of the consideration can be deemed to be the carrying amount of the investment exchanged.

It is the group’s policy to value non-controlling interests at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

The two different plans to restructure the group are as follows:

Plan 1
- Emili PLC is to purchase the whole of Tanimo’s PLC investment in Wagbo PLC.
- The directors are undecided as to whether the purchase consideration should be 50 million N1 ordinary shares of Emili PLC or a cash amount of N75 million.
Plan 2
- The assets and trade of Wagbo PLC are to be transferred to Emili PLC at their carrying amount.
- Wagbo PLC would initially become a non-trading company.
- The consideration for the transfer will be N60 million, which will be left outstanding on the intercompany account between Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC.

Required:

Discuss the key considerations and the accounting implications of the above plans for the Tanimo PLC group. Your answer should show the potential impact on the individual accounts of Tanimo PLC, Emili PLC, and Wagbo PLC and the group accounts after each plan has been implemented.

Answer

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Tags: Consolidation, Goodwill, Group Restructuring, Intercompany Balances, Non-Controlling Interests, Share Exchange
Level: Level 3

Topic: Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

CR – Dec 2020 – L3 – Q3 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss SEC risk management provisions and analyse components of effective risk reports and their benefits to financial institutions.

Question

Exposure to a variety of risks may affect the ability to achieve corporate objectives, thereby making risk management a corporate governance issue. Risk reports enable stakeholders to evaluate the importance attached to risk management and the company’s effectiveness in managing identified risks. Therefore, risk reports boost shareholders’ confidence that the company has adopted a responsible attitude towards risk.

As part of the regulatory framework to manage risk, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provided several guidelines for rules and content of effective risk reports.

Required:

a. Discuss the regulatory risk management provisions by SEC in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

b. Analyse the components of effective risk reports and state the benefits of their application to financial institutions in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Governance, Financial Institutions, Risk Management, Risk Reports, SEC Guidelines
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q3 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

This question assesses knowledge of the organizations represented on the Board of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria.

Question

Which of the following organisations has no representation on the Board of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria?
A. Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria
B. Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers
C. Nigerian Institute of Bankers
D. Nigerian Institute of Estate Surveyors and Valuers
E. National Insurance Commission

Answer

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Tags: Financial Reporting, Governance, Professional Standards, Regulatory Framework
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards
Series: NOV 2012

ATAX – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2a&b – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Outlines the activities of NPDC and the importance of Oil Mining and Prospecting Leases in Nigeria.

Question

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is a major regulatory body in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas sector, executing various functions through its subsidiaries.

Requirements:

a) State any FIVE activities of the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC), a subsidiary of NNPC. (5 Marks)

b) State the importance of an Oil Mining Lease and an Oil Prospecting Lease. (2 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Exploration, NPDC, Oil and gas, Oil Mining Lease, Oil Prospecting Lease, Production
Level: Level 3

Topic: Taxation of Specialized Businesses

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q2 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

This question assesses the knowledge of internal controls in a computerized accounting system.

Question

In order to understand the internal control system of a computerized accounting system of a client, which of the following computer documentation will assist the auditor the most?
A. System narrative
B. Record layout
C. Programme listing
D. Record counts
E. System flow charts

Answer

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Tags: Audit, Internal Control, IT Systems
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics
Series: NOV 2013

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q1 – Audit Reporting

This question tests understanding of considerations for report writing in investigations.

Question

Which of the following may NOT be taken into consideration when writing a report of an investigation?
A. The language of the report must take into consideration the technical knowledge of the users
B. The computation should be detailed in the body of the report
C. The subject-matter of the investigation must be clear from the heading of the report
D. Any reservation should be clearly stated in the body of the report
E. The users of the report must be clearly identifiable

Answer

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Tags: Audit, Investigation, Report Writing, Reporting Standards
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit Reporting
Series: NOV 2013

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

This question discusses auditors' responsibilities to shareholders and stakeholders, steps to minimize liability risks, and actions in distressed companies.

Question

In a recent seminar you attended, it was explained that although auditors can incur civil liability under various statutes, it is far more likely that they will incur liability for negligence under common law. The paper presenter mentioned cases against auditors which were in this area. You also learnt that auditors must be fully aware of the extent of their responsibilities, together with steps they must take to minimize the danger claims arising from professional negligence.

Required:
a. Discuss the extent of auditors’ responsibilities to shareholders and other stakeholders during the course of their normal professional engagement. (8 Marks)

b. Outline FIVE steps that audit firms can take to minimize the danger of claims against them. (5 Marks)

c. Itemize TWO steps that must be taken to minimize the danger of claims when the company is deemed to have been distressed. (2 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Firms, Auditor's responsibility, Legal Liability, Professional Negligence
Level: Level 3

Topic: Auditor’s Legal Liability
Series: NOV 2012

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Audit of Specialized Industries

This question explores the challenges faced in auditing a teaching hospital and the peculiarities of auditing farm accounts.

Question

You are the audit manager of Kunle Segun & Co (Chartered Accountants) which has been appointed as auditors to St. Anne’s Teaching Hospital and Agrocom Farms Limited.

Required:
a. State FIVE problems associated with the audit of a Teaching Hospital. (10 Marks)

b. List the types of farms and explain the peculiar characteristics associated with the audit of farm accounts. (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Agriculture, Audit, Audit Challenges, Farm Accounts, Healthcare, Teaching Hospital
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit of Specialized Industries
Series: NOV 2012

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

Question

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Responsibilities, Forensic Audit, Fraud Detection, Professional Practice, Statutory Audit
Level: Level 3

Topic: Forensic Auditing
Series: NOV 2012

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Public Sector Audit

This question covers the terms related to public sector audit, procedures for auditing revenue, and the distinction between regulatory and financial audits.

Question

a. Explain the following terms in relation to Public Sector Audit:
i. Self-Accounting Unit (2 Marks)
ii. Sub-Accounting Unit (2 Marks)

b. As a staff in the Auditor-General’s office, outline SIX procedures for the audit of revenue collected on behalf of the government. (6 Marks)

c. i. Distinguish between Regulatory Audit and Financial Audit. (2 Marks)
ii. State SIX documents an auditor of a Public Sector Organisation may require in conducting a Compliance Audit. (3 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Compliance Audit, Financial audit, Public Sector Audit, Regulatory Audit, Revenue Collection
Level: Level 3

Topic: Public sector audit
Series: NOV 2012

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements (IAS 36, IFRS 13)

This question discusses the audit steps required to assess the true position of a loan portfolio and the provision for doubtful debts.

Question

Your firm, Alheri & Co, has been appointed to carry out an audit assignment on Barders Bank Limited. The Bank’s year ended 30 September 2010. In the process of carrying out this assignment, it was discovered that no provision was made for doubtful debts. Total loans and advances of N50 billion consisting of 200 customers were found to be at various stages of performance except a N1 billion term loan granted to a Director’s relation’s company on 31 December 2009 to be repaid in N100 million monthly equal instalments commencing from 31 January 2010. Interest was simply agreed at N100,000 per month.

As at the time of this audit, no repayment had been made on this loan.

Required:
a. What audit steps should be taken to ascertain the true position of the loan portfolio? (5 Marks)
b. State the basis and determine the provision that should be made on the loan portfolio. (10 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit, Doubtful Debts, Financial Reporting, Loans, Provisions
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit of Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements (IAS 36, IFRS 13)
Series: NOV 2012

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

This case examines ethical issues in auditing related to fraudulent practices in a company involved in human trafficking.

Question

You have just been appointed the Auditor of Sheerahmog Manufacturing Company Limited, which manufactures 2.0 ml syringes specifically used by veterinary doctors. Recently, it was discovered that the 2.0 ml syringes are used on human beings due to the shortage of syringes for human use.

The Federal Government has decided to phase out the 2.0ml syringe in the next three years. In order to diversify into production of carbonated water, the Finance Director suggested that the company approach a bank for a complementary N1.26 billion required to finance the diversification program.

In spite of their proposal and cashflow to Bank of Akowonjo Plc, which was described as being fantastic, their loan application was not granted. As a result, the company is likely to go into liquidation with its numerous staff disengaged, if viable alternative is not provided to raise the required fund.

In carrying out the analysis of the sources of funds at the end of the year under review, you found that the company made much money from human trafficking to enable it accomplish the proposed plan of diversification.

At the next meeting with management of the company, you brought your findings to their knowledge and threatened to disclose it as an extraordinary item in the income schedule. Management frowned at it and were considering reviewing your appointment including fee which is currently 52% of your annual income.

Required:
a. Identify the ethical issues involved as they relate to the auditor. (2 Marks)
b. What are the THREE elements of fraudulent practices presented in this case? (6 Marks)
c. What are the safeguards for the ethical issues identified? (4 Marks)
d. List the issues that should be brought to the attention of the company by the auditors as regards the disclosure of the illegal act. (3 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditing, Disclosure, Ethical Issues, Fraud, Legal Issues
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: NOV 2012

Professional Body: ICA (Nigeria)

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Compute tax liabilities and discuss incentives for Dutse Mines in mining solid minerals

Required:

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Capital Gains Tax (CGT)

Address the principles of disposal under CGT Act, and compute CGT for transactions in Ikeja, Calabar, Abuja, and Kano.

Required:

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Emerging Trends in Taxation

Discuss technology-driven tools, their impact, and challenges in tax practice and administration.

Required:

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ATAX – May 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Taxation of Companies

Determination of tax liabilities, treatment of donations, and exemptions of dividends based on CIT Act provisions.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7b – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the content required in the Governance Report of corporate entities as mandated by SEC Nigeria.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7a – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Discuss unethical organizational acts and recommend the actions the Chief Accountant should take in a scenario of misrepresentation in financial reporting.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the rationale for different regulatory frameworks and analyze sources of corporate financial reporting regulations in Nigeria.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the benefits and criticisms of principle-based accounting standards and the consequences of transitioning from rule-based to principle-based standards.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4 – Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

Evaluate the impact of restructuring plans on individual and group accounts for Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries.

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CR – Dec 2020 – L3 – Q3 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss SEC risk management provisions and analyse components of effective risk reports and their benefits to financial institutions.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q3 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

This question assesses knowledge of the organizations represented on the Board of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria.

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ATAX – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2a&b – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Outlines the activities of NPDC and the importance of Oil Mining and Prospecting Leases in Nigeria.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q2 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

This question assesses the knowledge of internal controls in a computerized accounting system.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q1 – Audit Reporting

This question tests understanding of considerations for report writing in investigations.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

This question discusses auditors' responsibilities to shareholders and stakeholders, steps to minimize liability risks, and actions in distressed companies.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Audit of Specialized Industries

This question explores the challenges faced in auditing a teaching hospital and the peculiarities of auditing farm accounts.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Public Sector Audit

This question covers the terms related to public sector audit, procedures for auditing revenue, and the distinction between regulatory and financial audits.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements (IAS 36, IFRS 13)

This question discusses the audit steps required to assess the true position of a loan portfolio and the provision for doubtful debts.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

This case examines ethical issues in auditing related to fraudulent practices in a company involved in human trafficking.

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