Professional Body: ICA (Ghana)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3a – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Explain the factors militating against the budgeting system in the public sector.

The budgeting process is a cycle of events which occur sequentially every
year and which results in the approved budgets in ministries and extra ministerial departments.

Required:
Explain five factors militating against the budgeting system in the public sector.

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  • 6 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1a – The Business Organization and its Stakeholders

Explain three business types available to individuals venturing into business.

Kofi Stone, Ama Black and Adwoa Sika who were your students at the Ultimate Business School have decided to venture into business after their National Service which ends in the next three months. They have approached you for your advice on the type(s) of business(es) which they should invest in, considering the country’s economic environment.

Required:
Explain THREE (3) business types available to them. (6 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1c – Organization culture in business

Explains centralization, decentralization, and three advantages of decentralization for a company.

At the last Management meeting of Cool Hearts Ltd, which is a fast-moving consumer product firm with outlets throughout the country, it came out that sales and other targets were being missed as a result of the failure of top managers to involve subordinates in decision-making. You have just joined the company as an Organizational Analyst and have decided to submit a proposed solution to the problem to your Board at its next meeting to be held in two weeks’ time.

Required:
Explain the following:
i) Centralization (2 marks)
ii) Decentralization (2 marks)
iii) THREE (3) advantages Cool Hearts Ltd would gain from decentralizing its operations. (6 marks)

 

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  • 2 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2ai – Leadership Definition

Explain the term leadership in relation to its influence on group behavior.

Explain the term Leadership. (2 Marks)

 

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  • 11 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2aii – Theories of Leadership

Explain the Trait, Style, and Contingency Theories of Leadership.

Explain the following Theories of Leadership:

  • Trait (3 Marks)
  • Style (3 Marks)
  • Contingency (3 Marks)

 

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  • 2 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bi – Extrinsic Rewards

Explain extrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
i) Extrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

 

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  • 2 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bii – Intrinsic Rewards

Explain intrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
ii) Intrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

 

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  • 4 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1b – Characteristics of a Private Limited Company

Explain two characteristics of a private limited liability company.

Explain TWO (2) characteristics of a Private Limited Liability Company. (4 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2c – Group Development Stages

Outline the stages of group development in an organizational context.

Outline the stages of group development. (5 Marks)

 

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  • 6 Marks

BMIS – NOV 2019 – L1 – Q3a – Mission Statement

Write a mission statement for Hard Leather Limited, a footwear manufacturing company with products for middle and upper classes.

a) Hard Leather Limited is a footwear manufacturing company with a wide range of products for middle and upper classes.

Required: Write a mission statement for the company. (5 marks)

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  • 2 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2a(i) – Disposal Group Concept under IFRS 5

Explain the disposal group concept under IFRS 5.

In accordance with IFRS 5: Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, an entity shall classify a non-current asset (or disposal group) as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use.

On 1 April 2016, Gologo Ltd purchased an equipment at a cost of GH¢450,000. It is being depreciated on a straight line basis over its useful economic life of 15 years. The reporting date of Gologo Ltd is 31 March. At 31 December 2020, the equipment was no longer needed by the entity. It was decided that the asset should be sold, and a buyer was being sought. The asset is advertised for sale at a price of GH¢275,000, which was a reasonable reflection of its fair value. It is anticipated that a transportation cost of GH¢30,000 will be incurred to deliver the item to the buyer. The sale is expected to occur within one year.

Required:
i) Explain the ‘disposal group concept’ under IFRS 5.
(2 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Dec 2022 – L2 – Q5b – Definition of Liability and Provisions

This question asks candidates to define liabilities and describe circumstances under which provisions should be recognized.

The definition of a liability forms an important element of the International Accounting
Standards Board’s Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements
which, in turn, forms the basis for IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets.

Required

Define liability and describe the circumstances under which provisions should be recognized.

 

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Dec 2022 – L2 – Q5c – Calculation of EPS for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

This question requires the calculation of EPS for the year 2021, and restating the EPS for the year 2020 using a rights issue adjustment.

On January 1, 2021, Bayor Ltd had 10 million ordinary shares in issue. On 31 March 2021, the company issued at full market price, 2 million ordinary shares. On 31 August 2021, the company made a rights issue of 1 for 5 at GH¢3. The fair value of the shares on the last day before the rights issue was GH¢3.80. Profit for the current period is GH¢3.5 million. The reported Earnings Per Share (EPS) for the year ended December 31, 2020 was 0.33p.

Required: Calculate the EPS for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the restated EPS for the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Dec 2022 – L2 – Q5d – Distinction Between Joint Venture and Joint Operation

This question asks candidates to explain the distinction between joint ventures and joint operations under IFRS 11.

An investor entity can enter into a contractual arrangement with another entity in which unanimous consent of both parties is required in order to take decisions relating to operating and financial policies of the investee. Such an arrangement could either be a joint venture or a joint operation.

Required:
Explain the distinction between joint venture and joint operation under IFRS 11: Joint Arrangements.

 

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  • 5 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q1a – Calculation of Goodwill in Consolidation

Calculate goodwill for Abirem at acquisition and at reporting for a group financial statement consolidation.

Tafo Group is a key player in the food processing industry made up only of Tafo Ltd (Tafo) and Abirem Ltd (Abirem). Below are the consolidated statement of comprehensive income of Tafo Group and the separate statements of comprehensive income of Tafo and Bonsu Ltd (Bonsu) for the year ended 31 December 2020.

Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Year Ended 31 December 2020

GH¢ Million Tafo Group Tafo Bonsu
Revenue 116 90 25
Cost of Sales (78) (62) (15)
Gross Profit 38 28 10
Distribution Costs (7) (5) (1.6)
Administrative Expenses (11) (7.5) (3.4)
Finance Costs (8.5) (2) (0.5)
Investment Income 6 5.3 –
Profit Before Tax 17.5 18.8 4.5
Tax (5.6) (4.8) (1.5)
Profit for the Year 11.9 14 3
Other Comprehensive Income
Gain on Revaluation (Net of Tax) 4.5 3.4 –
Total Comprehensive Income 16.4 17.4 3

Additional Information:

  1. Tafo purchased 80% of the 10 million ordinary shares (all issued at GH¢2 each) of Abirem on 1 January 2020 when the balance of Abirem’s reserves was GH¢35 million. Tafo agreed to settle the consideration in two unconditional instalments as follows:
    • Cash payment of GH¢33 million on 1 January 2021.
    • Cash payment of GH¢30.25 million on 1 January 2022.

    The policy of the group is to value any non-controlling interests at fair value. For this purpose, it was agreed to use the share price of Abirem as an approximation of its fair value. Abirem’s market capitalisation figures at 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 stood at GH¢70 million and GH¢75 million, respectively. The appropriate discount rate for Tafo is 10%. The required unwound discount has been included in the group’s (but not Tafo’s) finance costs.

  2. On 1 January 2020, a fair value exercise was carried out on Abirem’s net assets. The results showed that the book value of the depreciable plant was higher than its fair value by GH¢4 million. Post-acquisition depreciation adjustment of GH¢0.8 million is required.
  3. Tafo has held a 20% equity interest in Bonsu for several years. On 31 December 2020, an impairment loss of GH¢0.2 million was estimated for the investment in the associate. The group’s policy is to present the share of the associate’s profit before tax and share of the associate’s tax expense separately within the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The investment income of the group shown above includes the group’s share of associate’s profit before tax (including the effects of the GH¢0.2 million impairment loss).
  4. Sales from Abirem to Tafo occurring evenly throughout the year amounted to GH¢8 million. By 31 December 2020, Tafo had sold all these goods except for items worth GH¢1.8 million. Abirem applies a cost-plus 20% markup on all sales.
  5. At 31 December 2020, it was concluded that 5% of the goodwill in Abirem had been impaired. The impairment has been charged to administrative expenses.
  6. Assume that all the necessary consolidation adjustments are correctly included in the above consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Required:
a) Calculate the goodwill in Abirem at acquisition and reporting.
(5 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q1c – Analysis of Consolidated Profit and Total Comprehensive Income

Provide an analysis of the consolidated profit and total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest and parent equity holders.

Show an analysis of consolidated profit for the period and total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest and parent’s equity holders.
(5 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2a(ii) – Accounting for Non-current Assets Held for Sale under IFRS 5

Demonstrate how to account for a transaction under IFRS 5 involving non-current assets held for sale.

In accordance with IFRS 5: Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, demonstrate how to account for the following transaction.

On 1 April 2016, Gologo Ltd purchased an equipment at a cost of GH¢450,000. It is being depreciated on a straight line basis over its useful economic life of 15 years. The reporting date of Gologo Ltd is 31 March. At 31 December 2020, the equipment was no longer needed by the entity. It was decided that the asset should be sold, and a buyer was being sought. The asset is advertised for sale at a price of GH¢275,000, which was a reasonable reflection of its fair value. It is anticipated that a transportation cost of GH¢30,000 will be incurred to deliver the item to the buyer. The sale is expected to occur within one year.

Required:
ii) Demonstrate how to account for the above transaction on 31 March 2021 in accordance with IFRS 5.
(4 marks)

 

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  • 6 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2b – Accounting for Government Grants under IAS 20

Explain how government grants and tax reliefs should be accounted for under IAS 20

Tango Ltd, a manufacturer and supplier of cashew products, has recently established a new facility in Damongo. To help in this new operation, Tango Ltd has secured support from the Government of Ghana and is unsure how the grants are to be accounted for in the financial statements. The company has a year-end of 30 April 2021, and all the following transactions took place on 1 May 2020.

i) A grant of GH¢150,000 was paid to a company to allow it to settle its outstanding accounts payable and prevent it from going into liquidation.

ii) A grant of 50% tax relief, the net effect of which is estimated at GH¢85,000 per annum, for establishing a manufacturing company in the area to provide employment for the youth.

iii) Tango Ltd receives a grant of GH¢300,000 towards the acquisition of a machine costing GH¢500,000. The machine has a useful life of five years.

Required:
Explain how each of the above should be accounted for in the financial statements of Tango Ltd for the year ended 30 April 2021, in accordance with IAS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance.
(6 marks)

 

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  • 4 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2c – Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share under IAS 33

Calculate basic and diluted earnings per share based on the financial information provided.

Dome Ltd has 5,000,000 ordinary shares in issue and also had in issue in 2020:

  • GH¢1,000,000 of 14% convertible loan stock, convertible in three years at the rate of 2 shares for every GH¢10 of stock.
  • GH¢2,000,000 of 10% convertible loan stock, convertible in a year’s time at the rate of 3 shares for every GH¢5 of stock.

The total earnings in 2020 were GH¢1,750,000. The rate of income tax is 35%.

Required:
In accordance with IAS 33: Earnings Per Share, calculate the basic and diluted earnings per share.
(4 marks)

 

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  • 4 Marks

FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q2d – Lease Accounting

Show the accounting treatment for lease transactions.

Odwira Ltd operates in the mining industry with a financial year end 31 December 2020. On 1 January 2020, Odwira Ltd began to lease a group of machines that were used in the production process. The lease was for five years, and the total annual rental (payable in arrears) was GH¢8 million. The lessor paid GH¢30 million for the machines on 31 December 2019. The lessor has advised Odwira Ltd that the interest rate implicit in the lease can be taken as 10%. The estimated useful economic life of the machines was five years.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, show the accounting treatment of the above transaction.

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