Professional Body: ICA (Ghana)

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PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3a – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Explain the factors militating against the budgeting system in the public sector.

The budgeting process is a cycle of events which occur sequentially every
year and which results in the approved budgets in ministries and extra ministerial departments.

Required:
Explain five factors militating against the budgeting system in the public sector.

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1a – The Business Organization and its Stakeholders

Explain three business types available to individuals venturing into business.

Kofi Stone, Ama Black and Adwoa Sika who were your students at the Ultimate Business School have decided to venture into business after their National Service which ends in the next three months. They have approached you for your advice on the type(s) of business(es) which they should invest in, considering the country’s economic environment.

Required:
Explain THREE (3) business types available to them. (6 marks)

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1c – Organization culture in business

Explains centralization, decentralization, and three advantages of decentralization for a company.

At the last Management meeting of Cool Hearts Ltd, which is a fast-moving consumer product firm with outlets throughout the country, it came out that sales and other targets were being missed as a result of the failure of top managers to involve subordinates in decision-making. You have just joined the company as an Organizational Analyst and have decided to submit a proposed solution to the problem to your Board at its next meeting to be held in two weeks’ time.

Required:
Explain the following:
i) Centralization (2 marks)
ii) Decentralization (2 marks)
iii) THREE (3) advantages Cool Hearts Ltd would gain from decentralizing its operations. (6 marks)

 

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1b – Characteristics of a Private Limited Company

Explain two characteristics of a private limited liability company.

Explain TWO (2) characteristics of a Private Limited Liability Company. (4 marks)

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2ai – Leadership Definition

Explain the term leadership in relation to its influence on group behavior.

Explain the term Leadership. (2 Marks)

 

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2aii – Theories of Leadership

Explain the Trait, Style, and Contingency Theories of Leadership.

Explain the following Theories of Leadership:

  • Trait (3 Marks)
  • Style (3 Marks)
  • Contingency (3 Marks)

 

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bi – Extrinsic Rewards

Explain extrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
i) Extrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

 

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2bii – Intrinsic Rewards

Explain intrinsic rewards in relation to employee motivation.

Explain the following in relation to the motivation of employees:
ii) Intrinsic rewards (2 Marks)

 

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BMIS – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q2c – Group Development Stages

Outline the stages of group development in an organizational context.

Outline the stages of group development. (5 Marks)

 

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BMIS – NOV 2019 – L1 – Q3a – Mission Statement

Write a mission statement for Hard Leather Limited, a footwear manufacturing company with products for middle and upper classes.

a) Hard Leather Limited is a footwear manufacturing company with a wide range of products for middle and upper classes.

Required: Write a mission statement for the company. (5 marks)

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CR – May 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Capitalization of Borrowing Costs

Dompoase Ltd incurred the following borrowing costs during the financial year 2018:

GH¢’000
Overdraft interest 12
Foreign currency loan interest (correctly translated into GH¢) 84
Foreign currency loan exchange differences on capital 140

In addition, a three-year fixed-rate GH¢2 million loan was taken out on 1 January 2018 at 6.5%. A loan set-up fee was charged at GH¢20,000. This increased the effective interest rate on the loan to 6.88%.

Required:
Determine the maximum amount that could potentially be capitalized as borrowing costs during the period (assuming an asset was being financed using all available finance).

 

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CR – May 2020 – L3 – Q2c – Defined Benefit Pension Plan

Recommend the accounting treatment for a defined benefit pension plan with supporting calculations.

Nzema prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with a financial year end of 31 December 2018. On 1 January 2018, Nzema commenced a defined benefit pension plan for a number of head office employees. Under the pension scheme, Nzema has an obligation to provide these staff with agreed post-employment benefits. Nzema carries the actuarial and investment risk associated with the pension scheme.

The following information has been compiled from workings by Nzema’s accounting staff and actuarial reports for the 2018 financial year:

GH¢
Interest income on plan assets 16,500
Employer contributions to plan 550,000
Current service cost 600,000
Interest on plan liability 18,000
Fair value of plan assets at 31/12/2018 580,000
Present value of plan obligation at 31/12/2018 620,000

The Accountant was not sure which accounting standard to apply when accounting for the pension scheme. The only adjustment made to account for the scheme was to expense the company’s contributions of GH¢550,000 for the 2018 financial year in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income and to credit the ‘Cash’ account.

Required:
Recommend, with appropriate calculations, the necessary accounting treatment for this accounting issue.

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CR – May 2020 – L3 – Q3a – Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions related to purchases, sales, and investment property with exchange rate variations and reporting implications.

Medina Power Ltd has carried out certain transactions denominated in foreign currency during its financial year ended 31 October 2019 and has also conducted foreign operations through a foreign entity. Medina Power Ltd.’s functional and presentation currency is the cedi.

On 31 July 2019, Medina Power Ltd purchased goods from a foreign supplier for 16 million dinars. At 31 October 2019, the supplier had not yet been paid and the goods were still held in inventory by Medina Power Ltd.

On 31 July, Medina Power Ltd sold goods to a foreign customer for 8 million dinars, and it received payment for the goods in dinars on 31 October 2019.

Medina Power Ltd had also purchased an investment property on 1 November 2018 for 56 million dinars. At 31 October 2019, the investment property had a fair value of 48 million dinars. The company uses the fair value model in accounting for investment properties.

Medina Power Ltd wants advice on how to treat these transactions in the financial statements for the year ended 31 October 2019.

question table

Required:
Discuss the accounting treatment of the above transactions in accordance with the advice required by the directors. (You should show detailed workings as well as a discussion of the accounting treatment used.)

 

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CR – May 2020 – Q4a – Capital Reduction Account

This question requires the preparation of a Capital Reduction Account for Sasasila Ltd following a reorganization.

Sasasila Ltd has been operating profitably for a number of years. However, in recent times, the company has been making losses. Below is the statement of financial position as at 30 June 2019:

Assets GH¢000
Non-Current Assets
Patents and copyrights 75,000
Land and buildings (net) 200,000
Plant and machinery (net) 150,000
Current Assets
Inventories 125,000
Trade receivables 125,000
Bank 37,500
Investments (cost) 100,000
Total Assets 812,500
Equity and liabilities:
Equity
Ordinary share capital (issued at GH¢10 each) 375,000
20% cumulative preference shares (issued at GH¢10 each) 175,000
Retained earnings (75,000)
Non-current Liabilities
15% Debentures 125,000
Current Liabilities
Interest on debentures 18,750
Trade payables 93,750
Provision for business restructuring 50,000
Provision for legal damages & claims 12,500
Provision for warranties 37,500
Total Equity and Liabilities 812,500

Additional relevant information: The following scheme of reconstruction was approved by all parties as well as the High Court with the exception of only one ordinary shareholder:

  1. The ordinary shares were to be reduced to GH¢5 per share.
  2. The preference shares were to be reduced to GH¢7.5 per share and arrears in dividends for three years were to be canceled from the company’s books.
  3. The fair values of the assets were agreed at the following values:
    • Patents and copyrights: Nil
    • Land and buildings: GH¢225,000
    • Plant and machinery: GH¢75,000
    • Investments: GH¢75,000
    • Inventories: GH¢105,000
    • Trade receivables: GH¢70,000
  4. The balance on retained earnings is to be eliminated in full.
  5. The liability for legal damages and claims was to be settled for GH¢10 million, and the provision for warranties reduced to GH¢27.5 million.
  6. The accrued debenture interest was to be paid in cash.
  7. Investments with a carrying amount of GH¢52.5 million were to be sold for cash at that value to strengthen the working capital position.
  8. The amount set aside for business restructuring was to be eliminated as well.
  9. The High Court directed a payment of GH¢0.2 million to a member who opposed the scheme for 50 ordinary shares held by him.

Prepare the Capital Reduction Account as at 30 June 2019.

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CR – May 2020 – Q4b – Statement of Financial Position for Sasasila Ltd

This question requires the preparation of a statement of financial position for Sasasila Ltd following its restructuring.

Prepare the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2019 for Sasasila Ltd.

 

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CR – May 2020 – Q5 – Financial Performance and Position of Bossman Ltd

This question involves analyzing the financial performance and position of Bossman Ltd over three years using ratio analysis.

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1i – Consolidated Profit or Loss and OCI

Prepare a consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for a parent, foreign subsidiary, and associate, accounting for goodwill impairment, disposal, and foreign currency translation.

Bolga Ltd is a limited liability company in Ghana, which has investments in a number of other companies. The draft statements of profit or loss for Bolga Ltd and its other investments for the year ended April 30, 2020, are given below:

Bolga Ltd Navrongo Ltd Serrekunda Ltd
Revenue GH¢286,000 GH¢136,000 GMD840,000
Cost of sales (GH¢122,000) (GH¢84,000) (GMD504,000)
Gross profit GH¢164,000 GH¢52,000 GMD336,000
Distribution costs (GH¢20,000) (GH¢12,000) (GMD56,000)
Administrative expenses (GH¢46,000) (GH¢20,000) (GMD116,000)
Operating profit GH¢98,000 GH¢20,000 GMD164,000
Investment income GH¢2,000 GH¢4,000
Finance costs (GH¢4,000) (GH¢8,000) (GMD12,000)
Profit before tax GH¢96,000 GH¢16,000 GMD152,000
Income tax expenses (GH¢22,000) (GH¢4,000) (GMD36,000)
Profit for the period GH¢74,000 GH¢12,000 GMD116,000

Additional relevant information:
i) Bolga Ltd purchased 80% of Navrongo Ltd’s three million GH¢5 ordinary shares for GH¢12 million two years ago. At the acquisition date, the carrying value of Navrongo’s net assets was GH¢10 million, and this was deemed to be the same as their fair value. The non-controlling interest was measured using the proportion of net assets method. Goodwill on acquisition of Navrongo is not impaired. On 31 October 2019, Bolga Ltd sold one million, four hundred and forty thousand of its shares in Navrongo Ltd for GH¢13 million. The fair value of the interest retained was GH¢19 million. The retained earnings of Navrongo Ltd was GH¢5 million as at April 30, 2019. The only entry posted in Bolga Ltd’s individual financial statements was the GH¢13 million cash received. This was debited to the bank account and the credit posted to the suspense account.

ii) On 1 May 2019, Bolga Ltd acquired 60% of Serrekunda Ltd’s one million GMD1 ordinary shares for GMD284 million. Serrekunda is a Gambian-based company with Gambian Dalasi (GMD) as its currency. The non-controlling interest at acquisition was valued at GMD116 million using the fair value method. At 1 May 2019, the carrying amount of Serrekunda Ltd’s net assets was GMD240 million but the fair value was GMD280 million. The excess in the fair value was due to a brand with a remaining useful economic life of 5 years at the date of acquisition.

On 30 April 2020, it was determined that goodwill arising on the purchase of Serrekunda Ltd was impaired by GMD16 million. Goodwill impairments are charged as administrative expenses.

iii) On 28 February 2020, Navrongo Ltd paid a dividend of GH¢2 million to its ordinary shareholders.

iv) On 1 June 2019, Bolga Ltd started construction of a new building project and financed this out of its general borrowings. The construction was completed on 30 April 2020 at a total cost of GH¢20 million, excluding interest on borrowings. Bolga Ltd has had the following loans outstanding for the whole financial year:

  • 10% bank loan: GH¢28,000
  • 8% loan notes: GH¢12,000

All the interest for the year has been expensed to the statement of profit or loss. None of the loan notes are held by any other companies within Bolga Ltd.

v) On 1 November 2019, Bolga Ltd granted 20,000 share options to each of its 100 managers. These options will vest on 31 October 2021 if the managers are still employed. However, five managers had left the company by 30 April 2020, and it is expected that another five will leave by 31 October 2021. The fair value of the share options was GH¢3.10 on 1 November 2019, and GH¢10 on 30 April 2020. There have not been any accounting entries posted in relation to this scheme.

vi) The following exchange rates are relevant:

  • GMD: GH¢1
    • May 1 2019: 10.0
    • April 30 2020: 8.0
    • Average for the year ended 30 April 2020: 9.2

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 30 April 2020.

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2a – Intangible Assets

Prepare a note reconciling the carrying amount of Katamanso’s intangible assets, including website development costs and copyright extension fees.

Katamanso Ltd (Katamanso) is a company which is a subsidiary of a media company. Katamanso’s principal asset is the rights it owns to a classic film. Katamanso had the following intangible assets as at the year end 31 December 2017:

Intangible Asset Cost (GH¢’000) Accumulated Amortisation (GH¢’000) Carrying Amount (GH¢’000)
Classic Film 10,000 (6,000) 4,000
Website 150 (90) 60
Total 10,150 (6,090) 4,060

The following information includes all relevant events that occurred during the year ended 31 December 2018:

i) The film was originally published on 1 January 1970 and the rights were acquired by Katamanso on 1 January 2015 for GH¢10 million. Copyright was set at 50 years from the date the film was originally published. The film was amortized by Katamanso using the straight-line method over the remaining copyright period. However, recent legislative changes passed on 1 January 2018 have extended the copyright period from 50 years to 70 years, subject to payment of a registration fee prior to the original expiry date. This, together with associated legal costs, amounted to GH¢70,000 and was paid on 1 January 2018. As a result, the market value of the rights to the film was GH¢12.1 million at 31 December 2018, according to Katamanso’s professional valuers, who determined the valuation on 1 January 2018.

ii) During the year Katamanso developed a new interactive website to market the film and associated merchandise given its extended copyright period. The website includes its own e-commerce system for online DVD sales, direct streaming of the film, associated material, and merchandise sales. The costs incurred are as follows:

Website Development Costs Amount (GH¢’000)
Planning the new website 8
Registration of domain names 18
Internal design costs 85
External contractor design costs 112
New content development 38
Advertising of the new website 22

The new website went live on 1 July 2018 and the old website, which was being amortised using the straight-line method over five years, was taken offline on that date and will not be used for any other purpose.

Required:
Prepare a note reconciling the carrying amount of Katamanso’s intangible assets from the beginning to the year ended 31 December 2018 as required by IAS 38: Intangible Assets.
(Note: Comparative information is not required. All amounts are material.)

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Sale and Leaseback of Warehouse

Accounting treatment for sale and leaseback transaction under IFRS 16 for Tekyiman Ltd.

Tekyiman Ltd (Tekyiman) sold one of its warehouses on 1 July 2019 to a finance house and leased it back under an operating lease on the same date. The carrying amount of the warehouse on 1 July 2019 was GH¢16 million. The terms of the sale and leaseback were as follows; sale proceeds of GH¢23.5 million and half-yearly lease rental payments of GH¢1 million paid in arrears on 31 December and 30 June over a period of 4 years.

The open market value of the property would have been GH¢20 million if not leased back on these terms. The lease rental payments were approximately double market rates for such a lease. The finance house can terminate the lease at any time with a month’s notice to Tekyiman, at which point any excess of the sales proceeds over market value of the property not yet repaid becomes repayable immediately.

Tekyiman depreciated the property up to 1 July 2019 and then derecognised it, recognising a profit of GH¢7.5 million (netted against expenses in the statement of profit or loss). The first GH¢1 million, 6 monthly lease rental payment, made on 31 December 2019 has been charged to cost of sales. No other accounting entries have been made.

Tekyiman now wishes to amortize the excess of the sales proceeds over market value on a straight-line basis over the period the warehouse will be used (4 years).

Required:
Advise the directors of the entity of the correct accounting treatment of the above transaction under IFRS 16: Leases (as the information permits) for the year ended 31 December 2019.

 

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CR – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2c – Provision and Insurance Claim

Determine the recognition and treatment of a provision and insurance claim under IAS 37.

A company is being sued by a customer in respect of some products supplied which the customer claims are faulty. The customer is suing for GH¢220,000 plus damages. Court costs are likely to amount to GH¢40,000. The company’s lawyer has advised that there is an 80% chance that the case will be lost and that the full amount claimed by the customer will become payable against the company.

The company is fully insured, and the lawyer has advised that the insurance policy covers the event and should be utilized.

Required:
Determine the amount that should be recognized as a provision and charged to profit or loss and determine the treatment of the insurance claim.

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