Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Engagement Letter Contents

Explains the key contents of an audit engagement letter, highlighting the responsibilities and scope of an audit.

Question

A firm or individual having accepted an appointment as an auditor of a client company shall submit an engagement letter to the board of directors of the client company. The engagement letter can be seen as the basis for the contract between the company and the auditor.

Required:
In relation to the above statement, state and explain FIVE contents of the engagement letter.

Answer

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Tags: Audit Contract, Audit Scope, Auditor Responsibilities, Client Expectations, Engagement letter, IAASB, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: Nov 2024

FR – May 2020 – L2 – Q5a – Ethical Dilemmas in Tendering Process

This question focuses on the ethical course of action in tendering when faced with insider information in the internal audit context.

Question

Mrs. Stella Amoah (Stella), a Chartered Accountant and Head of Internal Audit in Ningo Communications Authority (NCA), is about to tender for a contract in Internal Audit Service. A new member of her team, Mr. Stephen Appiah Coker (Stephen), has been recruited from the Internal Audit Service, where he previously worked in the department responsible for devising the tender contract. Although Stephen was not involved with the tender process, his former colleague and friend is responsible for the tender specification document and the evaluation process.

Stephen had sight of some of the requirements and has offered to share with Stella information that may be of use when preparing the tender. However, this information is confidential and should not be seen by any of the tendering parties.

It will be an open tender process for both external and internal providers. Bids from external providers are being encouraged. The evaluation process has been designed with this in mind. If the contract is awarded externally, Stella will be unsure of her personal position in the organization. She understands that using any insider knowledge of the tendering process would be inappropriate when preparing the tender proposal, but she feels she would have a better chance of success if she used this confidential information.

Required:
Advise Mrs. Stella Amoah on THREE (3) courses of action she should take in order to act ethically in the tendering process given in the above scenario.

Answer

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Tags: Confidentiality, Ethics, Internal Audit, Professional Responsibility, Tender Process
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations, Professional and Ethical Issues in Financial Reporting

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of five benefits of documenting audit work.

Question

b) ISA 230: Audit Documentation deals with the auditor’s responsibility to prepare audit documentation for an audit of financial statements.

Required:
State FIVE (5) benefits of documenting audit work. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Documentation, Audit Work, Benefits, ISA 230
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q5a – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of the five fundamental principles of the ICAG Code of Ethics.

Question

a) As a member of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG) subscribes to the code of ethics prescribed by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA).

Required:
Explain each of the FIVE (5) fundamental principles of the Code of Ethics of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG). (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Code of Ethics, Fundamental Principles, ICAG, IFAC
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Factors external auditors should consider when engaging an actuary for evaluating an insurance company's reserves and premium rates.

Question

b) Fritz Insurance is a large insurance company that provides a wide range of insurance products to individuals and businesses. As part of their annual audit, the external auditor has engaged the services of an Actuary to assist with the evaluation of the company’s reserves and the adequacy of its premium rates.

Required:
Explain FIVE (5) factors to be considered by External Auditors in engaging the services of an Actuary to assist with the evaluation of the company’s reserves and the adequacy of its premium rates. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Actuary, External Auditor, Insurance, Premium Rates, Reserves
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Safeguards to be applied by an auditor in various relationships with clients.

Question

b) What are the safeguards to be applied by an auditor in relation to the following?
i) Financial interest in the client.
ii) Loans and Guarantees to or from the client.
iii) Business relationship with the client.
iv) Family and personal relationship with the client.
v) Employment with an Assurance Client. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Independence, Auditor Relationships, Ethical considerations, Safeguards
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q1c – Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of fraud risk factors in risk assessment procedures according to ISA 240.

Question

c) ISA 240 (Redrafted): The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements requires the Auditor to perform procedures to identify the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. The Auditor must evaluate information obtained from other risk assessment procedures to see if any fraud risk factors are present.

Required:
Explain FIVE (5) risk factors in risk assessment procedures with regard to fraud. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Fraud, ISA 240, Misstatement, Risk Assessment
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Institutional Regulation and Standard-Setting, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Requirements in the composition and functions of Audit Committees in corporate governance.

Question

a) Boards rely on the Audit Committee to offer effective oversight of the financial reporting process, making it one of the cornerstones for effective corporate governance. Effective Audit Committee is vital for protecting investors and the health of the capital markets.

Required:
i) Identify THREE (3) requirements in the composition of Audit Committees in accordance with the best practice in Corporate Governance. (3 marks)
ii) List TWO (2) functions of an Audit Committee. (2 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Committees, Best Practices, Composition, Corporate Governance, Functions
Level: Level 2

Topic: Institutional Regulation and Standard-Setting, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations, Audit and Assurance Risk Environment

This question discusses five key factors to consider before accepting an audit engagement.

Question

Afrak and Associates is an Audit Firm that has been providing audit and assurance services for over 20 years. The firm has recently received a request from a new client, XYZ Ltd., to provide audit services. The audit engagement will cover the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Required:
Explain FIVE (5) factors Afrak and Associates must consider prior to accepting the audit engagement, paying attention to, risk areas that may give rise to liability, including fraud, error, and non-compliance.
(10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Engagement, Audit Risk, Client Acceptance, Ethical considerations, Fraud risk
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: NOV 2023

AA – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Discusses whether the audit firm complied with the IFAC Code of Ethics in relation to independence in two scenarios.

Question

Sowah Quartey & Co., a firm of Auditors with a number of clients listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange, recently held a staff training session on quality control. During the session, staff raised matters from their experience relating to the ethical code on independence. Some of these matters are outlined below:

i) Shortly before commencing the final audit of a large listed company, a Junior Staff member on the audit team inherited a substantial number of shares in that company. No action was taken because, although representing a large investment for the staff member concerned, the number of shares was totally immaterial with respect to the company. Moreover, the partner knew that if the company’s results are announced, there will be a rise in the share price, and he did not think it was fair to require the staff member to sell them beforehand.
(5 marks)

ii) The Management Accountant of another listed client company had an accident and was away from work for three months. At the time of the accident, the audit senior was winding up the prior year’s audit. Given his familiarity with the company’s management accounting system, it was agreed that he would take over as Management Accountant for the three months.
(5 marks)

Required:
Discuss whether Sowah Quartey & Co had complied with the IFAC’s Code of Ethics or had acted unprofessionally in any other way with respect to each of the above scenarios.

Answer

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Tags: Conflict of Interest, Ethics, IFAC Code of Ethics, Independence
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: NOV 2019

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Engagement Letter Contents

Explains the key contents of an audit engagement letter, highlighting the responsibilities and scope of an audit.

Question

Required:
In relation to the above statement, state and explain FIVE contents of the engagement letter.

Answer

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Tags: Audit Contract, Audit Scope, Auditor Responsibilities, Client Expectations, Engagement letter, IAASB, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: Nov 2024

FR – May 2020 – L2 – Q5a – Ethical Dilemmas in Tendering Process

This question focuses on the ethical course of action in tendering when faced with insider information in the internal audit context.

Question

Required:
Advise Mrs. Stella Amoah on THREE (3) courses of action she should take in order to act ethically in the tendering process given in the above scenario.

Answer

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Tags: Confidentiality, Ethics, Internal Audit, Professional Responsibility, Tender Process
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations, Professional and Ethical Issues in Financial Reporting

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q5b – Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of five benefits of documenting audit work.

Question

b) ISA 230: Audit Documentation deals with the auditor’s responsibility to prepare audit documentation for an audit of financial statements.

Required:
State FIVE (5) benefits of documenting audit work. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Documentation, Audit Work, Benefits, ISA 230
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q5a – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of the five fundamental principles of the ICAG Code of Ethics.

Question

Required:
Explain each of the FIVE (5) fundamental principles of the Code of Ethics of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG). (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Code of Ethics, Fundamental Principles, ICAG, IFAC
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Factors external auditors should consider when engaging an actuary for evaluating an insurance company's reserves and premium rates.

Question

Answer

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Tags: Actuary, External Auditor, Insurance, Premium Rates, Reserves
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Safeguards to be applied by an auditor in various relationships with clients.

Question

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Independence, Auditor Relationships, Ethical considerations, Safeguards
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q1c – Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explanation of fraud risk factors in risk assessment procedures according to ISA 240.

Question

Required:
Explain FIVE (5) risk factors in risk assessment procedures with regard to fraud. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Fraud, ISA 240, Misstatement, Risk Assessment
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Evidence, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – July 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Institutional Regulation and Standard-Setting, Professional and Ethical Considerations

Requirements in the composition and functions of Audit Committees in corporate governance.

Question

Answer

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Tags: Audit Committees, Best Practices, Composition, Corporate Governance, Functions
Level: Level 2

Topic: Institutional Regulation and Standard-Setting, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: JULY 2023

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations, Audit and Assurance Risk Environment

This question discusses five key factors to consider before accepting an audit engagement.

Question

Answer

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Tags: Audit Engagement, Audit Risk, Client Acceptance, Ethical considerations, Fraud risk
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit and Assurance Risk Environment, Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: NOV 2023

AA – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q2b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Discusses whether the audit firm complied with the IFAC Code of Ethics in relation to independence in two scenarios.

Question

Required:
Discuss whether Sowah Quartey & Co had complied with the IFAC’s Code of Ethics or had acted unprofessionally in any other way with respect to each of the above scenarios.

Answer

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Tags: Conflict of Interest, Ethics, IFAC Code of Ethics, Independence
Level: Level 2