Topic: Other Aspects of Performance Measurement

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  • 5 Marks

MA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q4b – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question discusses the relationship between conformance and non-conformance costs using data from Mante Ltd.

Mante Ltd is reviewing its progress toward meeting its objective of having a reputation for producing high-quality products. Extracts from the company’s records for each of the years ended 31 October 2020 and 2021 are shown below.

Description 2021 2020
% of units rejected by customers 15% 21%
% of units rejected before delivery 15% 5%
Cost as % of revenue:
Raw material inspection 10% 3%
Training 7% 4%
Preventive machine maintenance 8% 2%
Machine breakdown maintenance 4% 11%
Finished goods inspection 8% 2%

Required:
Discuss, using the above data, the relationship between conformance costs and non-conformance costs and its importance to Mante Ltd.

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  • 20 Marks

MA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q1 – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question asks about the Balanced Scorecard concept, its differences from traditional measures, and benchmarking to improve company performance.

Ancient Ltd is a company engaged in the assembling and selling of computers, mobile phones, and their accessories. This company has been the market leader for the last 5 years in this field but is now incurring losses due to decreasing demand and escalating production costs. Currently, the company evaluates its performance using financial measures. The managing director of Ancient Ltd has learned at a recently attended workshop that the concepts of Balanced Scorecard and Benchmarking could be used to improve the performance of organizations. It was also noted that the Balanced Scorecard should be considered at the strategic planning stage in order to set smart objectives.

Required:
a) Explain the concept of the Balanced Scorecard approach to performance measurement.
(2 marks)

b) State TWO (2) differences between the Balanced Scorecard and Traditional Performance measures.
(3 marks)

c) Explain the role of each perspective of the Balanced Scorecard approach at the strategic planning stage. (You are required to give an example of performance measures for each perspective.)
(8 marks)

d) How can the concept of benchmarking be used to improve the performance of Ancient Ltd.?
(3 marks)

e) Explain with an example, how benchmarking could be used to improve performance measures in relation to the customer perspective of Ancient Ltd’s Balanced Scorecard.
(4 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

MA – May 2018 – L2 – Q2c – Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain two limitations of management information in providing guidance for managerial decision-making.

Explain TWO limitations of management information in providing guidance for
managerial decision-making.

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  • 5 Marks

MA – July 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question requires an explanation of three key features of Total Quality Management (TQM).

Total Quality Management (TQM) ensures that all components of an industry work together to improve the quality of its services and products.

Required:
Explain THREE (3) features of Total Quality Management.
(5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

MA – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3a – Performance Analysis, Other Aspects of Performance Measurement

Identify and explain the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard.

a) The aim of a balanced scorecard is to provide a comprehensive framework for translating a company’s strategic objectives into a coherent set of performance measures. It allows managers to look at the business from four different perspectives.

Required: Identify and explain these FOUR (4) perspectives.

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  • 10 Marks

MA – May 2020 – L2 – Q2a – Other Aspects of Performance Measurement

Discuss four management concepts that can be used by a management accountant to achieve customer satisfaction.

a) Given the dynamic environment within which organisations operate, the Management Accountant’s role has evolved to include providing information that would assist the firm to design strategies geared towards achieving competitive advantage through sustained customer satisfaction. These strategies target key success factors which include cost efficiency, quality, time, and innovation because of the value placed on them by customers.

Required:

i) Discuss FOUR (4) management concepts that the Management Accountant can use to achieve customer satisfaction. (8 marks)

ii) State FOUR (4) questions that a good decision maker might pose in order to make an assessment of the value of information. (2 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q3b – Other aspects of performance measurement

b) The Estate Manager of Swift International Company was charged to coordinate the procurement process for the award of a contract to construct a warehouse for the company. In the process, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) called on the manager to ensure the contract is awarded to Gyidi Construction Works, whose owner is the CEO's friend. When the bids were evaluated, Gyidi placed fourth in terms of responsiveness but being guided by the CEO’s directive, the project was awarded to Gyidi Construction Works. Being guilty of not acting professionally, the estate manager admitted that he had acted unethically. Required: Identify and explain FOUR (4) threats to ethical behaviour as a Management Accountant. (10 marks)

b) The Estate Manager of Swift International Company was charged to coordinate the procurement process for the award of a contract to construct a warehouse for the company. In the process, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) called on the manager to ensure the contract is awarded to Gyidi Construction Works, whose owner is the CEO’s friend. When the bids were evaluated, Gyidi placed fourth in terms of responsiveness but being guided by the CEO’s directive, the project was awarded to Gyidi Construction Works. Being guilty of not acting professionally, the estate manager admitted that he had acted unethically.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) threats to ethical behaviour as a Management Accountant. (10 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q2a – Other aspects of performance measurement

Identify and explain consequences of environmentally unfriendly corporate practices on profits.

a) The Climate Adaptation Summit (CAS 2021) sought to tackle head on, the imminent catastrophe, which, the unattended climate change can unleash on the world. This is perceived to be more disastrous than the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, accountants have not agreed on how to quantify damages caused to the environment by a company’s operations in the accounts unless they come in the form of a fine.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) consequences of environmentally unfriendly practices of corporate entities that may negatively influence their profits. (5 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

MA – May 2017 – L2 – Q1c – Performance analysis, Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain cost center, revenue/profit center, and investment center in terms of their managerial objectives and performance measurement indexes.

Explain in brief the following terminologies as used in performance evaluation, highlighting their managerial objectives and the performance measurement indexes:

i) Cost centre
ii) Revenue/profit centre
iii) Investment centre

(6 marks)

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  • 3 Marks

MA – May 2017 – L2 – Q1b – Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain three qualities of management accounting information in terms of their importance for decision making.

While managers can use different leadership styles, they all share the task of utilizing information to make decisions that achieve organizational goals. Accounting information for decision making will differ in terms of its details depending on the user.

Required:

Explain THREE qualities of Management Accounting information. (3 marks)

Answer:

The qualities of Management Accounting information include:

  1. Relevance:
    Information should be timely and bear on the decision-making process by possessing predictive or confirmatory (feedback) value.
  2. Faithful Representation:
    Information must be truthful, complete, neutral, and free from error.
  3. Comparability:
    Even though different companies may use different accounting methods, there is still sufficient basis for valid comparison.

Additional points from the original answer but not required since only three qualities were asked:

  • Consistency:
    Deviations in measured outcomes from period to period should be the result of deviations in underlying performance (not accounting quirks).
  • Verifiability:
    Different knowledgeable and independent observers reach similar conclusions.
  • Timeliness:
    Information should be available in sufficient time to be capable of influencing decisions.
  • Understandability:
    Information should be clear and concise to those with reasonable business knowledge.

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  • 5 Marks

MA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q4b – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question discusses the relationship between conformance and non-conformance costs using data from Mante Ltd.

Mante Ltd is reviewing its progress toward meeting its objective of having a reputation for producing high-quality products. Extracts from the company’s records for each of the years ended 31 October 2020 and 2021 are shown below.

Description 2021 2020
% of units rejected by customers 15% 21%
% of units rejected before delivery 15% 5%
Cost as % of revenue:
Raw material inspection 10% 3%
Training 7% 4%
Preventive machine maintenance 8% 2%
Machine breakdown maintenance 4% 11%
Finished goods inspection 8% 2%

Required:
Discuss, using the above data, the relationship between conformance costs and non-conformance costs and its importance to Mante Ltd.

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  • 20 Marks

MA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q1 – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question asks about the Balanced Scorecard concept, its differences from traditional measures, and benchmarking to improve company performance.

Ancient Ltd is a company engaged in the assembling and selling of computers, mobile phones, and their accessories. This company has been the market leader for the last 5 years in this field but is now incurring losses due to decreasing demand and escalating production costs. Currently, the company evaluates its performance using financial measures. The managing director of Ancient Ltd has learned at a recently attended workshop that the concepts of Balanced Scorecard and Benchmarking could be used to improve the performance of organizations. It was also noted that the Balanced Scorecard should be considered at the strategic planning stage in order to set smart objectives.

Required:
a) Explain the concept of the Balanced Scorecard approach to performance measurement.
(2 marks)

b) State TWO (2) differences between the Balanced Scorecard and Traditional Performance measures.
(3 marks)

c) Explain the role of each perspective of the Balanced Scorecard approach at the strategic planning stage. (You are required to give an example of performance measures for each perspective.)
(8 marks)

d) How can the concept of benchmarking be used to improve the performance of Ancient Ltd.?
(3 marks)

e) Explain with an example, how benchmarking could be used to improve performance measures in relation to the customer perspective of Ancient Ltd’s Balanced Scorecard.
(4 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

MA – May 2018 – L2 – Q2c – Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain two limitations of management information in providing guidance for managerial decision-making.

Explain TWO limitations of management information in providing guidance for
managerial decision-making.

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  • 5 Marks

MA – July 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Other aspects of performance measurement

This question requires an explanation of three key features of Total Quality Management (TQM).

Total Quality Management (TQM) ensures that all components of an industry work together to improve the quality of its services and products.

Required:
Explain THREE (3) features of Total Quality Management.
(5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

MA – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3a – Performance Analysis, Other Aspects of Performance Measurement

Identify and explain the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard.

a) The aim of a balanced scorecard is to provide a comprehensive framework for translating a company’s strategic objectives into a coherent set of performance measures. It allows managers to look at the business from four different perspectives.

Required: Identify and explain these FOUR (4) perspectives.

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  • 10 Marks

MA – May 2020 – L2 – Q2a – Other Aspects of Performance Measurement

Discuss four management concepts that can be used by a management accountant to achieve customer satisfaction.

a) Given the dynamic environment within which organisations operate, the Management Accountant’s role has evolved to include providing information that would assist the firm to design strategies geared towards achieving competitive advantage through sustained customer satisfaction. These strategies target key success factors which include cost efficiency, quality, time, and innovation because of the value placed on them by customers.

Required:

i) Discuss FOUR (4) management concepts that the Management Accountant can use to achieve customer satisfaction. (8 marks)

ii) State FOUR (4) questions that a good decision maker might pose in order to make an assessment of the value of information. (2 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q3b – Other aspects of performance measurement

b) The Estate Manager of Swift International Company was charged to coordinate the procurement process for the award of a contract to construct a warehouse for the company. In the process, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) called on the manager to ensure the contract is awarded to Gyidi Construction Works, whose owner is the CEO's friend. When the bids were evaluated, Gyidi placed fourth in terms of responsiveness but being guided by the CEO’s directive, the project was awarded to Gyidi Construction Works. Being guilty of not acting professionally, the estate manager admitted that he had acted unethically. Required: Identify and explain FOUR (4) threats to ethical behaviour as a Management Accountant. (10 marks)

b) The Estate Manager of Swift International Company was charged to coordinate the procurement process for the award of a contract to construct a warehouse for the company. In the process, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) called on the manager to ensure the contract is awarded to Gyidi Construction Works, whose owner is the CEO’s friend. When the bids were evaluated, Gyidi placed fourth in terms of responsiveness but being guided by the CEO’s directive, the project was awarded to Gyidi Construction Works. Being guilty of not acting professionally, the estate manager admitted that he had acted unethically.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) threats to ethical behaviour as a Management Accountant. (10 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q2a – Other aspects of performance measurement

Identify and explain consequences of environmentally unfriendly corporate practices on profits.

a) The Climate Adaptation Summit (CAS 2021) sought to tackle head on, the imminent catastrophe, which, the unattended climate change can unleash on the world. This is perceived to be more disastrous than the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, accountants have not agreed on how to quantify damages caused to the environment by a company’s operations in the accounts unless they come in the form of a fine.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) consequences of environmentally unfriendly practices of corporate entities that may negatively influence their profits. (5 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

MA – May 2017 – L2 – Q1c – Performance analysis, Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain cost center, revenue/profit center, and investment center in terms of their managerial objectives and performance measurement indexes.

Explain in brief the following terminologies as used in performance evaluation, highlighting their managerial objectives and the performance measurement indexes:

i) Cost centre
ii) Revenue/profit centre
iii) Investment centre

(6 marks)

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  • 3 Marks

MA – May 2017 – L2 – Q1b – Other aspects of performance measurement

Explain three qualities of management accounting information in terms of their importance for decision making.

While managers can use different leadership styles, they all share the task of utilizing information to make decisions that achieve organizational goals. Accounting information for decision making will differ in terms of its details depending on the user.

Required:

Explain THREE qualities of Management Accounting information. (3 marks)

Answer:

The qualities of Management Accounting information include:

  1. Relevance:
    Information should be timely and bear on the decision-making process by possessing predictive or confirmatory (feedback) value.
  2. Faithful Representation:
    Information must be truthful, complete, neutral, and free from error.
  3. Comparability:
    Even though different companies may use different accounting methods, there is still sufficient basis for valid comparison.

Additional points from the original answer but not required since only three qualities were asked:

  • Consistency:
    Deviations in measured outcomes from period to period should be the result of deviations in underlying performance (not accounting quirks).
  • Verifiability:
    Different knowledgeable and independent observers reach similar conclusions.
  • Timeliness:
    Information should be available in sufficient time to be capable of influencing decisions.
  • Understandability:
    Information should be clear and concise to those with reasonable business knowledge.

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