Topic: Forensic Auditing

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss ethical principles for fraud investigation, advise on evidence gathering procedures, and recommend laws and agencies for legal action.

At the annual general meeting of Aggressive Bank Limited for the year 2020, shareholders raised concerns over increasing cases of customer complaints about fraud. Shareholders emphasized that drastic actions were required to avoid brand damage and reputational issues.

In performing their oversight functions, the audit committee commissioned the internal audit unit to investigate fraud issues and likely causes. The internal audit report highlighted the following issues:

  1. Hacking of Accounts: Unauthorized transfers due to poor information security systems.
  2. Forgery: Forged cheques, signatures, and withdrawal slips used in collusion with bank staff.
  3. Fictitious Accounts: Opening and operating fake accounts to facilitate illegal transfers due to incomplete KYC.
  4. Loans to Fictitious Borrowers: Fictitious loans issued via fake accounts.
  5. False Overtime Claims: Junior staff claiming overtime for hours not worked.
  6. Suppression of Cash/Cheques: Diversion of customer deposits and loan repayments into fictitious accounts.
  7. Alteration of Programs: Unauthorized access to systems to manipulate account balances.

Likely Causes:

  • Weak internal controls and supervision.
  • Non-compliance with KYC rules.
  • Poor IT and database management.
  • Negligence, inadequate training, and poor working conditions.
  • Fear of reporting fraud to regulators due to reputational concerns.

The audit committee mandated management to engage a forensic expert to investigate and report on the matter within four weeks. Your firm has been appointed for this engagement.

Required:

(a) Discuss the ethical principles applicable to this situation. (5 Marks)

(b) Advise on the procedures to gather evidence for an acceptable report to management. (5 Marks)

(c) Recommend the agencies and relevant laws management should use to tackle these problems, where legal actions might be required. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Discuss challenges and solutions for e-commerce assurance, ethical principles for forensic investigation, and assurance engagement reporting requirements.

There is an indication of increasing application of technology in the business and commercial world. Many activities are now carried out on a real-time basis, and payment systems are gradually reducing the use of cheques.

Your new audit client is one of the companies that has recently enhanced its business settings with respect to receipts and payments. The previous auditor has little depth in information and communication technology despite the growing trend. The client’s management also thinks that its performance in the past has been inadequately reported due to the complicity of the key accounting staff and inadequacies of the previous auditor. The client is therefore considering its options in the circumstances.

Required:

(a) Discuss the challenges encountered in the provision of assurance engagements on e-commerce systems and the approach to address these challenges. (8 Marks)

(b) Evaluate the ethical principles that will be relevant in the conduct of forensic investigation of this client and the considerations the accountant needs to bear in mind in such an assignment. (7 Marks)

(c) For proper conclusion of the exercise, set out the reporting requirements of an assurance engagement. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Evaluate significant audit issues related to fraud by the MD/CEO, disclosure of discontinued operations, and audit responsibilities for internet banking.

Havana Bank Plc was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 2015. There was an initial public offer in the same period with proceeds of N5 billion. Part of the proceeds was expected to be utilized to strengthen the bank’s internet banking facility.

In November of the same year, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer (MD/CEO) proceeded on a three-week vacation to the United Kingdom but did not return at the time of concluding the audit of the 2015 financial statements early in 2016. It was observed that the MD/CEO had absconded with documents relating to the public offer. It was also noted that he kept drawing cash whilst in the United Kingdom amounting to N922 million.

The Bank closed its Gambian operations in June 2015 because it had made losses for two consecutive years. Prior to the two years before the closure, the operations in Gambia had grown into a network of five branches, contributing 15 percent of the gross income and 9.5 percent of the net profits of the group. The closure was not disclosed in the financial statements, but reference was made to the closure in the directors’ report.

As the Audit Manager in the firm of Chartered Accountants that audits Havana Bank Plc, you are required to:
a. Identify and explain the significant audit matters you will consider in forming an opinion in relation to the missing documents and the cash drawings by the absconded MD/CEO. (10 Marks)
b. Analyse and evaluate your views on the non-inclusion of the discontinued Gambian operations in the financial statements. (10 Marks)
c. Explain FIVE duties, as an auditor, in relation to the bank’s internet banking. (10 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q8 – Forensic Auditing

This question assesses knowledge of the terms of reference that should be agreed upon by the investigating accountant with the client.

The terms of reference to be agreed by the investigating accountant with the client before commencement of work do NOT include the
A. Organisational and management structure of the entity to be investigated
B. Purpose of the investigation
C. Basis on which fees will be charged
D. General scope of work to be covered
E. Time within which the assignment will be carried out

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q17 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying inappropriate actions for material fraud detected in a banking audit.

Which of the following actions is inappropriate to a material fraud detected during an audit of a banking institution?

A. Discuss the matter with at least one level of management above the perpetrators
B. Obtain further evidence
C. Mention it in the audit report
D. Suggest that the client consults with legal counsel about questions of law
E. Report the matter directly to the police

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q12 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying examples unrelated to revenue-related fraud.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Revenue Related Fraud?

A. Accounting and documentary
B. Lifestyle of employees
C. Related party transactions
D. Management override of significant internal control activities
E. Sale of assets that is very similar to subsequent purchases at similar amounts

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss auditor responsibility for fraud detection, strategies for closing the expectation gap, differences between review and audit reports, and required reporting for managing fraud.

Demmy Global Limited, a growth-oriented company controlled by its Managing Director, Mr. Longe, sells mobile smartphones through sales agents on a commission basis. Phones are supplied on a sale or return basis, with sales recognized upon receipt by agents. The company’s growth appears rapid due to fraudulent practices by Mr. Longe, including:

  1. Fictitious agents responsible for 25% of revenue.
  2. Year-end dispatch of inventories to agents with post-year-end returns recorded as repurchases.
  3. Capitalization of 20% of cost of sales by falsifying purchase invoices with suppliers.
  4. Director bonuses linked to profits, encouraging uncritical acceptance of rapid growth.

The fraud was concealed by falsified records, bribery, and restrictions on auditor access to corroborate sales and verify contracts.

The external auditor is now sued by a bank that granted a loan to Demmy Global Limited based on interim financial statements reviewed by the auditor, for which a review report was issued.

Required:

  1. Discuss the extent to which an auditor is responsible for detecting fraud and error, and the external auditor’s procedure where fraud or error is suspected. (7 Marks)
  2. Advise the auditor on strategies to close the expectation gap. (5 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ‘review report’ issued by the auditor on the interim financial statements differs in terms of its level of assurance from the auditor’s report on the year-end financial statements. (2 Marks)
  4. Evaluate the circumstance and nature of the reports that would have been necessary for the auditor based on the activities of the Managing Director. (6 Marks)

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  • 7 Marks

AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q7b – Forensic Auditing

Outline anti-money laundering requirements for the auditor of Banana Follow Me Limited due to high cash-based transactions and overseas transfers.

Management of Banana Follow Me Limited plans to invest in factory equipment and fittings to attract more customers, using sufficient cash reserves for these capital expenditures. A significant risk associated with money laundering exists due to the high volume of cash transactions and regular overseas bank transfers.

Required:

i. Discuss THREE requirements of an anti-money laundering programme which the auditor of Banana Follow Me Limited should have in place for detecting and reporting suspicion of money-laundering.

(6 Marks)

ii. State ONE example of the criminal offenses connected with money laundering. (1 Mark)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss ethical principles for fraud investigation, advise on evidence gathering procedures, and recommend laws and agencies for legal action.

At the annual general meeting of Aggressive Bank Limited for the year 2020, shareholders raised concerns over increasing cases of customer complaints about fraud. Shareholders emphasized that drastic actions were required to avoid brand damage and reputational issues.

In performing their oversight functions, the audit committee commissioned the internal audit unit to investigate fraud issues and likely causes. The internal audit report highlighted the following issues:

  1. Hacking of Accounts: Unauthorized transfers due to poor information security systems.
  2. Forgery: Forged cheques, signatures, and withdrawal slips used in collusion with bank staff.
  3. Fictitious Accounts: Opening and operating fake accounts to facilitate illegal transfers due to incomplete KYC.
  4. Loans to Fictitious Borrowers: Fictitious loans issued via fake accounts.
  5. False Overtime Claims: Junior staff claiming overtime for hours not worked.
  6. Suppression of Cash/Cheques: Diversion of customer deposits and loan repayments into fictitious accounts.
  7. Alteration of Programs: Unauthorized access to systems to manipulate account balances.

Likely Causes:

  • Weak internal controls and supervision.
  • Non-compliance with KYC rules.
  • Poor IT and database management.
  • Negligence, inadequate training, and poor working conditions.
  • Fear of reporting fraud to regulators due to reputational concerns.

The audit committee mandated management to engage a forensic expert to investigate and report on the matter within four weeks. Your firm has been appointed for this engagement.

Required:

(a) Discuss the ethical principles applicable to this situation. (5 Marks)

(b) Advise on the procedures to gather evidence for an acceptable report to management. (5 Marks)

(c) Recommend the agencies and relevant laws management should use to tackle these problems, where legal actions might be required. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Discuss challenges and solutions for e-commerce assurance, ethical principles for forensic investigation, and assurance engagement reporting requirements.

There is an indication of increasing application of technology in the business and commercial world. Many activities are now carried out on a real-time basis, and payment systems are gradually reducing the use of cheques.

Your new audit client is one of the companies that has recently enhanced its business settings with respect to receipts and payments. The previous auditor has little depth in information and communication technology despite the growing trend. The client’s management also thinks that its performance in the past has been inadequately reported due to the complicity of the key accounting staff and inadequacies of the previous auditor. The client is therefore considering its options in the circumstances.

Required:

(a) Discuss the challenges encountered in the provision of assurance engagements on e-commerce systems and the approach to address these challenges. (8 Marks)

(b) Evaluate the ethical principles that will be relevant in the conduct of forensic investigation of this client and the considerations the accountant needs to bear in mind in such an assignment. (7 Marks)

(c) For proper conclusion of the exercise, set out the reporting requirements of an assurance engagement. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Evaluate significant audit issues related to fraud by the MD/CEO, disclosure of discontinued operations, and audit responsibilities for internet banking.

Havana Bank Plc was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 2015. There was an initial public offer in the same period with proceeds of N5 billion. Part of the proceeds was expected to be utilized to strengthen the bank’s internet banking facility.

In November of the same year, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer (MD/CEO) proceeded on a three-week vacation to the United Kingdom but did not return at the time of concluding the audit of the 2015 financial statements early in 2016. It was observed that the MD/CEO had absconded with documents relating to the public offer. It was also noted that he kept drawing cash whilst in the United Kingdom amounting to N922 million.

The Bank closed its Gambian operations in June 2015 because it had made losses for two consecutive years. Prior to the two years before the closure, the operations in Gambia had grown into a network of five branches, contributing 15 percent of the gross income and 9.5 percent of the net profits of the group. The closure was not disclosed in the financial statements, but reference was made to the closure in the directors’ report.

As the Audit Manager in the firm of Chartered Accountants that audits Havana Bank Plc, you are required to:
a. Identify and explain the significant audit matters you will consider in forming an opinion in relation to the missing documents and the cash drawings by the absconded MD/CEO. (10 Marks)
b. Analyse and evaluate your views on the non-inclusion of the discontinued Gambian operations in the financial statements. (10 Marks)
c. Explain FIVE duties, as an auditor, in relation to the bank’s internet banking. (10 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q8 – Forensic Auditing

This question assesses knowledge of the terms of reference that should be agreed upon by the investigating accountant with the client.

The terms of reference to be agreed by the investigating accountant with the client before commencement of work do NOT include the
A. Organisational and management structure of the entity to be investigated
B. Purpose of the investigation
C. Basis on which fees will be charged
D. General scope of work to be covered
E. Time within which the assignment will be carried out

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q17 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying inappropriate actions for material fraud detected in a banking audit.

Which of the following actions is inappropriate to a material fraud detected during an audit of a banking institution?

A. Discuss the matter with at least one level of management above the perpetrators
B. Obtain further evidence
C. Mention it in the audit report
D. Suggest that the client consults with legal counsel about questions of law
E. Report the matter directly to the police

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q12 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying examples unrelated to revenue-related fraud.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Revenue Related Fraud?

A. Accounting and documentary
B. Lifestyle of employees
C. Related party transactions
D. Management override of significant internal control activities
E. Sale of assets that is very similar to subsequent purchases at similar amounts

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss auditor responsibility for fraud detection, strategies for closing the expectation gap, differences between review and audit reports, and required reporting for managing fraud.

Demmy Global Limited, a growth-oriented company controlled by its Managing Director, Mr. Longe, sells mobile smartphones through sales agents on a commission basis. Phones are supplied on a sale or return basis, with sales recognized upon receipt by agents. The company’s growth appears rapid due to fraudulent practices by Mr. Longe, including:

  1. Fictitious agents responsible for 25% of revenue.
  2. Year-end dispatch of inventories to agents with post-year-end returns recorded as repurchases.
  3. Capitalization of 20% of cost of sales by falsifying purchase invoices with suppliers.
  4. Director bonuses linked to profits, encouraging uncritical acceptance of rapid growth.

The fraud was concealed by falsified records, bribery, and restrictions on auditor access to corroborate sales and verify contracts.

The external auditor is now sued by a bank that granted a loan to Demmy Global Limited based on interim financial statements reviewed by the auditor, for which a review report was issued.

Required:

  1. Discuss the extent to which an auditor is responsible for detecting fraud and error, and the external auditor’s procedure where fraud or error is suspected. (7 Marks)
  2. Advise the auditor on strategies to close the expectation gap. (5 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ‘review report’ issued by the auditor on the interim financial statements differs in terms of its level of assurance from the auditor’s report on the year-end financial statements. (2 Marks)
  4. Evaluate the circumstance and nature of the reports that would have been necessary for the auditor based on the activities of the Managing Director. (6 Marks)

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  • 7 Marks

AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q7b – Forensic Auditing

Outline anti-money laundering requirements for the auditor of Banana Follow Me Limited due to high cash-based transactions and overseas transfers.

Management of Banana Follow Me Limited plans to invest in factory equipment and fittings to attract more customers, using sufficient cash reserves for these capital expenditures. A significant risk associated with money laundering exists due to the high volume of cash transactions and regular overseas bank transfers.

Required:

i. Discuss THREE requirements of an anti-money laundering programme which the auditor of Banana Follow Me Limited should have in place for detecting and reporting suspicion of money-laundering.

(6 Marks)

ii. State ONE example of the criminal offenses connected with money laundering. (1 Mark)

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