Topic: Audit evidence

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AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Evidence

Evaluate XYZ Bank’s provision for litigation, discuss audit procedures per ISA 501, and prepare litigation disclosure for financial statements.

You are the audit manager for XYZ Bank Limited for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Bank’s Board noted a litigation issue involving a lawsuit from BBB Limited, where the Bank was found liable for a cheque conversion worth ₦2.1 billion. The high court imposed a penalty on the Bank for this amount, which BBB Limited is now claiming.

The Bank has objected to the judgment, appealing to the Court of Appeal, with legal counsel advising that a favorable outcome is expected. The Bank’s litigation-related financial information is as follows:

  • Provision for litigation (recognized in financial statements): ₦96 million
  • Litigation cases as defendant: 50
  • Litigation cases as plaintiff: 10
  • Claims in favor of the Bank: ₦2.7 billion
  • Claims against the Bank (including the ₦2.1 billion case): ₦3.2 billion

Requirements:
a. Discuss FOUR specific considerations under ISA 501 for obtaining audit evidence on litigation provisions.

(5 Marks)
b. Evaluate the adequacy of the litigation provision recognized in the financial statements as at December 31, 2016.

(5 Marks)
c. Prepare a summary disclosure of the litigation status for inclusion in the financial statement notes as at December 31, 2016.

(5 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Discuss requirements and methods for designing an audit sample and circumstances when sampling may be inappropriate.

ISA 530 Audit sampling states that the objective of the auditor when using audit sampling is to provide a reasonable basis to draw conclusions about the population from which the sample is drawn.

Required:

a. In accordance with ISA 530, what are the requirements the auditor should consider in designing a sample size? (6 Marks)

b. Explain FIVE sampling methods that are available for the use of the auditor. (10 Marks)

c. State FOUR circumstances where sampling may not be appropriate for use by the auditor. (4 Marks)

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7a – Audit Evidence

Identify additional information needed to determine the audit opinion for Musky Fresh Ltd following supplier difficulties.

Musky Fresh Limited has been in existence, for a number of years, importing perfume. The managing director had built up the business using contacts he already had in the industry. The company imports only one brand of perfume which is manufactured exclusively by one company. The perfume is distributed via ‘shops within shops’ at 20 branches of a well-known store. Under this agreement, Musky Fresh Limited pays a percentage of its takings to the store, with a minimum annual payment of N100,000 per store.

The audit is nearing completion, but you have just heard that the Arabian manufacturer is facing serious financial difficulties, and that supplies have ceased.

Required:

a. Set out the further information the auditor would require before reaching his audit opinion. (6 Marks)

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q2 – Planning an Audit

Planning and identifying audit risks for a new client with an increased demand for products, using a standard costing system for inventory valuation.

Sweet Dreams, a limited liability company, is a new audit client and you are at the
planning meeting for the forthcoming audit. The company has grown rapidly and has
May 31 as year-end. The financial statements have not been audited in previous years
since the organization has only just converted from a partnership to a company.
The company’s bankers have requested that an audit be undertaken on the financial
statements for the year ending May 31, 2016. Higher levels of inventory required to
meet the increasing demand for its products have necessitated a request for an increase
in the bank’s overdraft facility.
The company makes beds, buying its materials directly. At the year-end, inventory
comprises raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods. It does not undertake
continuous inventory counting but does intend to perform a full inventory count on
May 31, 2016. It uses standard costing system to value finished products and work-inprogress.

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AA – Nov 2022 – L2 – Q4 – Audit Evidence for Engineering Assets and Liabilities

Addressing audit evidence for engineering company assets and liabilities, including procedures for confirmations and plant disposals.

You are part of an audit team engaged on the audit of an engineering company which has a substantial amount of plant and machinery in its books. While reviewing the accounts, you also observed that there were some current assets and liabilities that may require external confirmations.

Required:

a. How would you establish the amount and level of audit evidence required for the current assets and liabilities? (5 Marks)

b. State which procedures will be applied to generate audit evidence in the following scenarios:

i. Confirming the accuracy of figures in the trade receivables account
ii. Confirming that the plant and machinery purchased in the year is actually in use during the year
iii. Ascertaining that the change in performance is in line with expectations
iv. Confirming the accuracy of the total receivable figures in the statement of financial position
v. Confirming contingent liability as to legal fees (5 Marks)

c. State the audit procedures you would take concerning the disposal of plant and machinery. (5 Marks)

d. State the requirements of ISA 505 concerning maintaining control over the external confirmation requests of current assets and liabilities. (5 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Discuss factors affecting sufficiency of audit evidence and audit procedures for current liabilities in Radcliffe Co.

Radcliffe Co.

ISA 500 Audit Evidence states that the objective of the auditor is to “design and perform audit procedures in such a way as to enable the auditor to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to be able to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the auditor’s opinion.”

Required:

a. List and explain the factors which will influence the auditors’ judgment concerning the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained. (4 Marks)

b. You are the audit senior in charge of the audit of Radcliffe Co, a company that has been trading for over 50 years. Radcliffe Co manufactures and sells tables and chairs directly to the public. The company’s year-end is 31 December. Current liabilities are shown on Radcliffe Co’s statement of financial position as follows:

Description 2013 2012
Trade payables 884,824 816,817
Accruals 56,903 51,551
Provision for legal action 60,000
Total 1,001,727 868,368

The provision for legal action relates to a claim from a customer who suffered an injury while assembling a chair supplied by Radcliffe Co. The directors of Radcliffe Co dispute the claim, although they are recommending an out-of-court settlement to avoid damaging publicity.

List the substantive audit procedures that you should undertake in the audit of the current liabilities of Radcliffe Co for the year ended 31 December 2013. For each procedure, explain the purpose.

Marks are allocated as follows:

  • Trade payables (9 Marks)
  • Accruals (3 Marks)
  • The provision for legal action (4 Marks)

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AA – May 2021 – L2 – Q5 – Audit Evidence

Explanation of sufficient and appropriate audit evidence, factors in deciding audit evidence amount, auditor actions on inadequate evidence, and audit documentation rationale.

JAK Professional Services is a member firm of James Candle International in Cayman Islands. The member firm’s practice review exercise has just been concluded. As part of the global firm, practice reviews are done yearly on selected engagement files where member firms review one another. Some of the issues included in the review notes raised on JAK Professional Services audit files are as follows:

i. Lack of sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding audit of cash and bank as well as inventory balances. This was partly due to the fact that no evidence existed in the file regarding physical cash and inventory count which were material;

ii. No proper documentation of confirmation replies received from banks, receivables, and solicitors;

iii. No cash flow working documentation to show how the figures on the cash flow statements in the financial statements were arrived at;

iv. Improper documentation of how expected credit loss on financial instruments in the financial statements were arrived at; and

v. Figures in the financial statements could not be traced to the respective working papers.

As an experienced auditor, some of the trainees were not impressed about the report and have approached you for clarification.

You are required to explain:

a. Meaning of ‘sufficient and appropriate audit evidence’ (5 Marks)
b. Factors to be considered when deciding amount of audit evidence needed (4 Marks)
c. What auditors should do in case of inadequate audit evidence (5 Marks)
d. Reasons for sufficient and appropriate audit documentation (6 Marks)

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AA – May 2017 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Audit Evidence

Analysis and identification of unusual features in Abricon Nigeria Ltd.'s profit and loss for audit purposes.

The following is the statement of Profit or Loss and other comprehensive income of ABRICON NIGERIA LIMITED for the year ended December 31, 2016.

ABRICON NIGERIA LIMITED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

Requirements:

(a) Perform analytical tests on the figures given. (16 Marks)

(b) Identify unusual features. (8 Marks)

(c) Provide possible explanations why some apparently unusual items were not selected in (b) above. (6 Marks)

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AA – May 2023 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Audit Evidence

Explaining objectives and steps in obtaining written representation and handling contradictions in audit evidence.

Promise and Treasure are two good childhood friends. After their secondary education, Promise traveled abroad to further his education and obtained his degrees there. Treasure attended a university in Nigeria and graduated with a second-class lower degree. During his time abroad, Promise met some foreign associates and decided to start a company in Nigeria with Treasure.

The company, named Promise and Treasure Company Nigeria Limited, specializes in importing steel products with future plans to set up a local factory. The first-year accounts were prepared as of December 31, 2020. Your firm has been appointed as auditors for the company. Upon completing the audit, you requested a written representation from management. The Managing Director found this request unusual, as he believed all necessary information and documents had already been provided.

Required:

a. Explain to the Managing Director the objectives of the auditor in obtaining a written representation as per ISA 580. (4 Marks)

b. State the steps the auditor should take if a representation by management is contradicted by other audit evidence. (6 Marks)

c. State THREE matters that are required of management in the letter of representation in line with ISA 580, requiring specific representation from management. (3 Marks)

d. Highlight SEVEN aspects of the form and contents of a letter of representation. (14 Marks)

e. State the steps the auditor should take if management refuses to provide the requested written representation. (3 Marks)

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AA – May 2024 – L2 – SA – Q3 – Audit evidence

This question tests knowledge on reasons for obtaining letters of representation from clients' management, steps to take if representations are contradicted, and drafting a letter of representation.

You are the Audit Senior-in-charge of the audit of Edinburg Nigeria Limited. The management of the company made some representations to you, which include:

  • Inventory worth ₦15 million in its only branch in Niger Republic, which you couldn’t visit because of the ongoing civil unrest in that country;
  • A donation of ₦500,000 was made to a motherless babies home by the Chairman but it was not receipted; and
  • The chairman received medical treatment amounting to ₦600,000 during his official visit to Germany to negotiate with equipment vendors, and he did not come back with any documentary evidence.

You have reported these matters to the partner of your firm, Olumisi Oregun & Co.

Required:

a. Explain two reasons for obtaining letters of representation from clients’ management. (4 Marks)

b. Explain three steps you will take if a representation by management is contradicted by other audit evidence. (6 Marks)

c. Draft a letter of representation, which the management of Edinburg Nigeria Limited will present to your firm. (10 Marks)

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AAA – April 2022 – L3 – Q5b(i) – Audit evidence, Professional responsibility and liability

Describe substantive procedures to address a cut-off error in the purchase ledger.

Asogli has been in existence since 2005, operating a car repair and servicing business. The car service solutions offered to its clients are diagnosis, ECU programming, key programming, body works, electrical works, and air conditioning. Its year-end was 31 October 2020. You are the senior audit manager of KK and Associates, the Auditor of Asogli. The audit is due to commence, and Asogli intends to sign the audit report on 20 November 2020.

Your attention has been drawn to the following matter by the Partner-in-charge:

  1. Cut-Off Error:
    Asogli’s Finance Director has notified you that an error occurred in closing the purchase ledger at the year-end. Rather than closing on 31 October, it accidentally closed one week earlier on 24 October. All purchase invoices received between 25 October and the year-end have been posted to the 2021 year-end purchase ledger.

Required: Describe substantive procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in relation to the above. (5 marks)

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AAA – May 2018 – L3 – Q1 -Planning, Audit Evidence, Evaluation and Review

This set of questions requires a comprehensive approach to investigating the losses incurred by PQR Ltd., focusing on key areas such as planning the investigation, evaluating potential undervaluation of inventory, performing tests to quantify any undervaluation, identifying reasons for high material consumption, and verifying the accuracy of material consumption in the management accounts. The investigation involves considerations like resource allocation, scope definition, inventory count accuracy, valuation methods, wastage, theft, and cut-off procedures.

As the Senior Audit Manager in MNO & Co, a firm of Chartered Accountants, you have
just had a meeting with a Senior Partner at the firm, in which he informed you that you
have to carry out an investigation requested by the Management of ECO Ltd.

i) One of ECO Ltd’s subsidiaries, PQR Ltd, has been making losses for the past year. ECO Ltd’s management is concerned about the accuracy of PQR’s most recent quarter’s management accounts. The summarised statements of profit or loss for the last three quarters are as follows:

Quarter to 31-Mar 2018

GH¢’000

Quarter to 31-Dec 2017

GH¢’000

Quarter to 30-Sep 2017

GH¢’000

Revenue 429  334  343
Opening inventory 180 163 203
Materials 318 251 200
Direct wages 62 54 74
560 468 477
Less closing inventory (162) (180) (163)
Cost of goods sold 398 288 314
Gross profit 31 46 29
Less overheads (63) (75) (82)
Net loss (32) (29) (53)
Gross profit (%) 7.2% 13.8% 8.5%
Materials (% of revenue) 78.3% 70.1% 70.0%
Labour (% of revenue) 14.5% 16.2% 21.6%

ii) ECO Ltd’s management board believes that the high material consumption as a percentage of revenue for the quarter to 31 March 2018 is due to one or more of the following factors:

  • Under-counting or under-valuation of closing inventory
  • Excessive consumption or wastage of materials
  • Material being stolen by employees or other individuals

iii) PQR Ltd has a small number of large customers and manufactures its products to each customer’s specification. The selling price of the product is determined by:

  • Estimating the cost of materials;
  • Estimating the labour cost; and
  • Adding a mark-up to cover overheads and provide a normal profit.

iv) The estimated costs are not compared with actual costs. Although it is possible to analyse purchase invoices for materials between customers’ orders, this analysis has not been done.

v) A physical inventory count is carried out at the end of each quarter. Items of inventory are entered on inventory sheets and valued manually. The company does not maintain perpetual inventory records and a full physical count is to be carried out at the financial year end, 30 June 2018.

vi) The direct labour cost included in the inventory valuation is small and should be assumed to be constant at the end of each quarter.

vii) Historically, the cost of materials consumed has been about 70% of revenue. The management accounts to 31 March 2018 are to be assumed to be correct.

Required:

a) Identify and describe the matters that you should consider and the procedures you should carry out in order to plan an investigation of PQR Ltd.’s losses. (10 marks)

b) Explain the matters you should consider to determine whether closing inventory at 31 March 2018 is undervalued. (3 marks)

c) Describe the tests you should plan to perform to quantify the amount of any undervaluation. (3 marks)

d) Identify and explain the possible reasons for the apparent high materials consumption in the quarter ended 31 March 2018. (2 marks)

e) Describe the tests you should plan to perform to determine whether materials consumption, as shown in the management accounts, is correct. (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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AAA – April 2022 – L3 – Q1c – Audit evidence, Assurance services

Discuss the challenges and audit approaches in performing an assurance engagement on an electronic processing system.

K. O. and Associates, a firm of Chartered Accountants, has accepted a statutory audit engagement from Special Cream Ltd, a bookshop with many sales points across the country. In 2021, the company implemented a computerised system that has been networked to all sales points to the Head Office in Accra. In the middle of 2021, the company started accepting mobile money as a means of payment in addition to cash and cheque payment. Mobile money payments are confirmed with an accounts staff before books are supplied.

In planning the audit of Special Cream Ltd, the Audit Manager, Samuel Alhassan, identified risks associated with electronic processing systems which provide additional challenges for auditors.

Required: i) Discuss FOUR (4) challenges K. O. and Associates would encounter in performing an assurance engagement on the electronic processing system. (4 marks)

ii) Discuss FOUR (4) audit approaches K. O. and Associates should adopt in performing an assurance engagement on an electronic processing system. (6 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2015 – L3 – Q5a – Audit Evidence

Discuss why the audit of financial instruments is particularly challenging and explain the matters to be considered in planning the audit of Tap Co’s forward exchange contracts.

a) You are the manager in Dee Kay Company, a firm of Chartered Accountants. You have just attended a monthly meeting of audit partners and managers at which client-related matters were discussed. Information relating to one client which was discussed at the meeting is given below.

Tap Co Tap Co is a clothing manufacturer, which has recently expanded its operations overseas. To manage exposure to cash flows denominated in foreign currencies, the company has set up a treasury management function, which is responsible for entering into hedge transactions such as forward exchange contracts. These transactions are likely to be material to the financial statements. The audit partner is about to commence planning the audit for the year ending 31 July 2014.

Required:

Discuss why the audit of financial instruments is particularly challenging, and explain the matters to be considered in planning the audit of Tap Co’s forward exchange contracts. (10 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2015 – L3 – Q4 – The audit approach, Audit evidence, Planning, Professional responsibility and liability

his question addresses the specific considerations for initial audit engagements and evaluates the audit risks in planning the audit of a newly listed company.

You are a manager in the audit department of Yao Asaglo & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants, and you have just been assigned to the audit of High-Tec Limited, a new audit client of your firm, with a financial year ended 31 May 2015. High-Tec Limited, has just been listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). It is an e-commerce facilitator and has grown rapidly in the last few years.

High-Tec Limited was formed ten years ago by Ms. Ama Tawiah, a graduate in e-commerce from Ashesi University. The company designs, develops software for e-commerce with high security features which have won industry awards. In the last two years, the company invested GHS400m in creating new software to appeal to a large number of multinational companies, and sales are now made in over 10 countries. The software is developed in this country, but the manufacture of the security features, for the obvious reason, takes place overseas.

The software is largely sold through retail outlets, but approximately 30% of High-Tec Limited’s revenue is generated through sales made on the company’s website.

In some countries, High-Tec Limited’s products are distributed under a franchise agreement which gives the franchise holder the exclusive right to sell the products in that country. The cost of each franchise to the distributor depends on the estimated sales in the country to which it relates, and the franchise lasts for an average of five years. The income which High-Tec Limited receives from the sale of a franchise is deferred over the period of the franchise. At 31 May 2015, the total amount of deferred income recognized in High-Tec Limited’s statement of financial position is GHS72 million.

As part of a five-year strategic plan, High-Tec Limited obtained a GSE listing in December 2014. The listing and related share issue raised a significant amount of finance, and many shares are held by institutional investors. Ama Tawiah retains a 20% equity shareholding, and a further 10% of the company’s shares are held by her family members.

Despite being listed, the company does not have an internal audit department, and there is only one non-executive director on the board.

a) Comment on the matters that you should consider specific to initial audit engagement when developing the audit strategy for High-Tec Limited. (6 marks)

b) Evaluate the audit risks to be considered in planning the audit of High-Tec Limited. (14 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2a – Planning | Audit Evidence | Evaluation and Review

Identify and explain significant audit risks and other matters when planning the final audit for Manuf Co. for the year ended 31 March 2019.

Using the information provided, identify and explain the significant audit risks, and any other matters to be considered when planning the final audit for Manuf Co. for the year ended 31 March 2019. (15 marks)

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