Series: NOV 2022

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Risk Management in Audits

Explain materiality, benchmarks, and factors affecting materiality determination in audits.

The audit plan and scope was presented to the Audit Committee of Deinde Limited for the year ended December 31, 2020. The external auditors of the company stated:

“We would estimate materiality using profit before tax for the full year. We would estimate our preliminary materiality based on expected results for the full year. We will perform a materiality re-assessment at year-end to confirm adequacy or otherwise of our preliminary materiality. We will report to the Audit Committee on all unadjusted misstatements greater than our established threshold unless they are qualitatively immaterial.”

Your uncle, who is a member of the Audit Committee, discussed this matter with you and requested that you explain the issue further.

Required:

a. Explain the concepts of materiality and performance materiality in an audit of financial statements.

(3 Marks)

b. Explain the benchmark for determining materiality. (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the factors that may affect the identification of an appropriate benchmark. (7 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discuss reasons for outsourcing internal audit, advantages/disadvantages, and functions that cannot be outsourced.

The Internal Audit Unit of Oluvia Bank Limited has been accused of collusion with staff in committing monumental fraud. The following types of fraud were found to be common:

  • Cheque suppression
  • Fraudulent bookkeeping to overstate income
  • Inflation of the worth of the company’s assets
  • Intercepting replaced customers’ cards
  • Fraudsters impersonating Senior Managers or Chief Executive Officer
  • Online banking fraud, such as phishing, malware attacks, and clone websites
  • Impersonating the owner of an account or using fake documents to open an account under someone else’s name (no proper Know Your Customer conducted)

The bank examiners came and were surprised at the level of fraud in the bank and requested management to address it urgently.

After the supervisory visit, the board of directors discussed the issue with the bank’s external auditors, who suggested that the bank could outsource the internal audit functions. The Board of Directors found this suggestion favorable and mandated the Managing Director to act swiftly and report back with details at the next board meeting.

Required:

a. Discuss the main reasons for outsourcing internal audit functions. (3 Marks)

b. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. (10 Marks)

c. Discuss which part of the internal audit function cannot be outsourced. (2 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Audit Planning and Strategy

Discuss professional skepticism, benefits of audit planning, audit strategy, and audit stages.

At the weekly meeting of an audit firm, it was reported that a new audit client (Salisa Limited) has just been won. An implementation team has been constituted with a manager as the head. At the meeting of the implementation team, the manager stated that there is a need for the team to work on the audit planning strategy; the contents of which will form the audit planning memorandum that will be presented to the audit committee. He stated further that a professional clearance has to be sent to the former auditor after which, a background check will be performed on the directors and other principal officers of the company. It is also believed that for proper risk assessment, there is a need to understand the business operations of the company. He stated further that the audit will be structured into both interim and final audits.

An experienced member of the team also mentioned the need for the auditor to adopt an attitude of professional skepticism. He emphasized that planning the audit will involve the whole engagement team to establish an understanding of the terms of the engagement as required by ISA 210, which will help establish an overall strategy for the audit. Developing the audit plan will include the nature, timing, and extent of planned risk assessment procedures, further audit procedures, and documentation of the overall audit strategy.

Required:

a. Explain professional skepticism. (2 Marks)

b. State how adequate planning can benefit the audit team. (3 Marks)

c. Explain and illustrate what the establishment of the overall audit strategy involves. (3 Marks)

d. Discuss the elements of interim and final audits.

(7 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Audit Planning and Strategy

Discuss audit sampling rationale, key decisions, advantages, sampling methods, and auditor actions in sample testing.

wo accountancy students from a University have been asked to write a term paper on “the reasons why external auditors resort to sampling when conducting the audit of a large entity.” The students are of the opinion that they do not understand why this should be the case, if auditors focus on their work.

They believe statistical sampling is not always good for auditing, especially when a population consists of a small number of large items. It may be appropriate to apply audit tests to the entire population as all the items in the population may not share common characteristics. Added to this, they do not agree that samples could be representative of the population and also reflect the characteristics of the population. There is therefore the risk that the auditors may not reach a correct decision as against when the entire population is tested.

Furthermore, they said that they were confused on how the auditors will work on samples in such a way that all items in the population will be given equal chance of being selected and the key decisions that need to be made for effective sample design.

As an ICAN Professional examination candidate who has just finished reading Audit Sampling (ISA 530), you now saw it as an opportunity to recall and explain what you have read. You are excited to explain the above to the students.

Required:

a. Highlight key decisions to be made to influence the sample size. (4 Marks)

b. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using statistical sampling. (8 Marks)

c. Explain the sample selection methods that will give equal chance to all the items in the population. (3 Marks)

d. Illustrate what the auditors should do when performing procedures on the samples. (5 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit Reporting

Examines joint auditors' roles, options for audit disputes, acquisition processes, and reporting requirements.

During the audit of Kofo Plc in 2018, it was observed that there was an omission of liability to the tune of N2 billion. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the error was as a result of unrecorded liability relating to unremitted statutory taxes to the government in prior years. A compensating error was noticed in unsubstantiated investment and receivables balances schedule provided by the management.

The explanation provided by management for this error was that having noted this disparity, the internal audit team was commissioned to reconcile the ledger balances to establish the actual payment to be made to the government. The result of that exercise led to an initial adjustment of N500 million. However, upon further review by the Internal Audit and Risk Management team, the total disparity noted was N5 billion as opposed to the N2 billion initially noted. The reason being that the report with which the Internal Audit Team carried out the reconciliation was understated. Some liability balances were excluded from the report as a result of the approach used to set up the Information System (I.T) System. Therefore, the general command entered into the system to spool the report did not capture the entire transactions. To gain comfort, the audit team:

(i) Reviewed the reconciliation memo to have an understanding of management’s thought process;
(ii) Requested the updated spool of ledger balances from the I.T system;
(iii) Asked the Information Technology team to perform a walkthrough test of the transaction spool;
(iv) Requested the breakdown of the excluded balances and traced them to the supporting documents to which they relate; and
(v) Checked to see that there were no unusual remittances from the bank statements.

You are a member of the audit team which reviewed Kofo Plc’s compliance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA 250) on Non-Compliance with Laws and Regulations (NOCLAR).

Required:

a. Outline the audit procedures to be performed to help identify instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. (5 Marks)

b. State what the auditor should do when they become aware of an issue of non-compliance with laws and regulations. (5 Marks)

c. State the types of policies and procedures the entity may implement to assist in the prevention and detection of non-compliance with laws and regulations. (4 Marks)

d. Discuss what the auditor should do under the following situations:

  • i. Reporting non-compliance to those charged with governance (2 Marks)
  • ii. Reporting non-compliance in the audit report (2 Marks)
  • iii. Reporting non-compliance to the authorities (2 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Complex Entities

Evaluate auditors' responsibilities in fraud detection, financial misreporting, and appropriate audit procedures to mitigate misstatements.

The Financial Controller (FC) of Poki Limited made an observation on the draft engagement letter sent by the external auditors to the company, an extract of which is as stated below:

“The responsibility for safeguarding the assets of the company and for the prevention and detection of fraud, error, and non-compliance with laws or regulations rests with the company’s directors. In accordance with auditing standards, we shall endeavor to plan our audit so that we have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements in the financial statements or accounting records (including any material misstatements resulting from fraud, error, or non-compliance with laws or regulations). However, because any internal control structure, no matter how effective, cannot eliminate the possibility that errors or irregularities may occur and remain undetected and because we use selective testing in our audit, we cannot guarantee that errors or irregularities, if present, will be detected. Accordingly, our audit should not be relied upon to disclose all such material misstatements or frauds, errors, or instances of non-compliance as may exist. The best safeguard against irregularities and fraud is a sound system of internal control.”

The FC accused the auditors of running away from their responsibilities of exposing to the owners of the company fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. To him, what is the purpose of audit when fraud and errors could not be discovered? He has threatened to discuss with the Board of Directors and insists that the engagement letter will not be signed until those sections are removed. You are a senior member of the audit team.

Required:

a. Outline the objectives of auditors in relation to fraud. (6 Marks)

b. Explain fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. (7 Marks)

c. State the procedures auditors should perform to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud. (7 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Group Audits

Evaluate the justification for joint auditors, present options for audit concerns, and prepare an appropriate report for disputed acquisition.

Mr. Johnson is the Senior Partner of Johnson, Odewole, Thomas & Co., Chartered Accountants. During the last audit of Mandarin Manufacturing Plc, which the firm did with Messrs Ark Professional Services (APS) for the year ended 30 September, 2020, Mr. Johnson expressed displeasure on some of the conclusions reached by APS on certain audit areas. The manager in charge of the audit at Johnson, Odewole, Thomas & Co. had drawn Mr. Johnson’s attention to matters marked “For Partner’s Attention.” Discussions with the corresponding partner of APS on these matters were considered unsatisfactory.

Mr. Johnson’s views differed significantly from those of the corresponding partner of APS. It was agreed to proceed to the board meeting where these disputed positions would be presented and discussed with the directors before a final decision was reached. Of significance is the acquisition of a property from a former staff member for the opening of a new branch warehouse. The acquisition process was hurried and exceeded the capital expenditure provisions for the period. Mr. Johnson’s team viewed the acquisition as a potential fraud on the company, while APS aligned with the director of finance, who considered it a normal transaction.

At the board meeting to discuss the financial statements, members were divided between the two audit firms’ views, leading the chairman to reschedule the meeting. He requested additional information on both parties’ positions and asked them to harmonize their views before the next meeting the following day.

Required:

a. Evaluate the justification or otherwise of an entity having joint auditors. (8 Marks)

b. Following the concerns of Johnson, Odewole, Thomas & Co., present the options available to the firm. (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the points on which the Chairman needs to base his decision, according to standard acquisition procedures. (7 Marks)

d. If the Chairman agrees with the position of Johnson, Odewole, Thomas & Co., determine the reporting requirement and draft an appropriate report for inclusion in the auditors’ report. (6 Marks)

e. Discuss the composition of items that could be marked “For Partner’s Attention” during the conclusion of an audit process. (4 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q7 – Corporate Governance and Financial Strategy

Analyze the Chairman's proposals to improve EPS and discuss methods to align stakeholder objectives.

The Chairman of Opeyemi plc, a company listed on the Alternative Investment Market, has circulated a memorandum to the company’s directors and senior managers which contains the following statements:

“Looking to the year ahead, there are a number of measures which I propose to increase the company’s earnings per share (EPS).

Payments to trade creditors should be made as late as possible, even if this means extending our credit beyond the terms allowed by our suppliers. The company currently runs a substantial overdraft, and this measure will cut the level of bank interest and charges.

Relatively high capital expenditure in recent years has resulted in substantial depreciation charges in the profit or loss account. All capital spending, including that on the Oloro II project – designed to reduce toxic emissions from the manufacturing plant – should be postponed except where such spending can be shown to be essential to current operations.

Staff pay should be frozen at this year’s level for the forthcoming year. The company’s sponsorship of the local charity events run by the Staff Social Club should also, regrettably, be ended.

By boosting profits and therefore EPS, these measures will help us to achieve the highest possible stock market capitalisation.”

Required:

a. Prepare a response to the Chairman’s proposals which examines the possible consequences of the proposals for the price of the company’s shares and for the company’s stakeholders. (9 Marks)

b. Discuss FOUR ways that encourage managers to achieve stakeholder objectives. (6 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q6 – Dividend Policy

Analyze P/E ratios and calculate dividend cover for companies in the food retail sector.

Companies A, B, and C are in the food retailing sector of the stock market. The following key stock market statistics are provided.

Food Retailers: Ordinary Shares, Key Stock Market Statistics:

Company A B C
Share Price (₦) 2.10 1.80 2.30
Earnings per Share (₦) 0.30 0.25 0.35
Dividend per Share (₦) 0.18 0.15 0.25

Required:

a. Illustrating your answer by using data from the table above, define and explain the term P/E ratio, and comment on the way it may be used by an investor to appraise a possible share purchase. (8 Marks)

b. Using data in the above table, calculate the dividend cover for Companies C and B, and explain the meaning and significance of the measure from the point of view of equity investors. (7 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q5 – Business Valuation Techniques

Calculate the equity value of APL using SVA and outline three methods for funding the MBO.

Aderupoko Plc (ADP), a large listed media group, has been the holding company of Adamu Publishers Limited (APL) since 2015. The publishing company (APL) is 100% owned by ADP since inception.

Recently, the directors of APL informed ADP’s board of their readiness to make a management buy-out (MBO) of APL. Accordingly, ADP’s board decided to value APL using the shareholder value analysis method (SVA). ADP’s board estimates that APL has a four-year competitive advantage over its competitors (to 30 September 2024) and the following data regarding APL’s value drivers and additional financial information has been collected:

Year to 30 September 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+
Sales growth (%) 5% 4% 3% 2% 0%
Operating profit margin 8% 9% 10% 10% 10%
Incremental non-current asset investment (% of sales increase) 5% 6% 3% 2% 0%
Incremental working capital investment (% of sales increase) 6% 5% 4% 4% 0%

Financial Information:

  • Sales for the current year to 30 September 2020: ₦80 million
  • Annual depreciation (equal to annual replacement of non-current asset expenditure): ₦2.0 million
  • Par value of 6% debentures in issue (current market value ₦95.00, nominal value ₦100): ₦10.0 million
  • Short-term investments held: ₦0.8 million
  • Company tax rate: 20%
  • Current WACC: 10%

Required:

a. Calculate the value of APL’s equity using SVA.

(12 Marks)

b. Outline three methods by which APL’s directors might raise the funds necessary for the proposed MBO of the company. (3 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Investment Appraisal Techniques

Evaluate the decision to invest in an innovative beverage using real options and the Black-Scholes model.

Tayo Kayode (TK) is a highly successful beverage company listed on the Nigerian stock market. Its products are particularly attractive to the younger generation.

Eko Laboratory (EL) has developed an innovative synthetic, alcoholic beverage – the Younky.

It is believed that the product, if manufactured commercially, will be popular among the youths.

TK has been offered a license to produce the Younky on the condition that it commences production within the next twelve months. In the last board meeting, the Marketing Director, Kehinde Kay, presented the following preliminary evaluation of the project.

Kehinde recommended that the project should thus be rejected.

However, the Finance Director (FD), Ben Okon, argued that conventional NPV analysis undervalues projects with high uncertainty as the value of embedded real options is often ignored. He suggested that the possibility of delaying the project for up to twelve months effectively gives TK a call option on development and that if market forecasts improve over the next year, then the company can benefit. To get the ‘right answer,’ he concluded, option values must be incorporated.

The current long-term government bond yield is 5%. The expected standard deviation of future cash flows is estimated to be 35%.

Required:

a. Comment on the views of the Marketing and Finance Directors. (5 Marks)
b. Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for a European call option, estimate the value of the option to commercially develop and market the Younky. Provide a recommendation as to whether or not TK should manufacture the Younky. (10 Marks)
c. Comment on modeling the possibility of delay as a European call option. (5 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Financing Decisions and Capital Markets

Evaluate the financing structure and calculate required return, WACC, and factors influencing beta.

Zakai (ZK) Plc is a listed company that owns and operates a large number of farms throughout the country. A variety of crops are grown.

Financing Structure:
The following is an extract from the statement of financial position of ZK Plc as at 30 September 2021:

The ordinary shares were quoted at ₦3 per share ex div on 30 September 2021. The beta of ZK Plc’s equity shares is 0.8; the annual yield on treasury bills is 5%, and financial markets expect an average annual return of 15% on the market index.

The market price per preference share was ₦0.90 ex div on 30 September 2021. Loan stock interest is paid annually in arrears and is allowable for tax at 30%. The loan stock was priced at ₦100.57 ex interest per ₦100 nominal on 30 September 2021. Loan stock is redeemable on 30 September 2022.

Assume that taxation is payable at the end of the year in which taxable profits arise.

A New Project:
Difficult trading conditions have caused ZK Plc to decide to convert a number of its farms into camping sites with effect from the 2022 holiday season. Providing the necessary facilities for campers will require major investment, and this will be financed by a new issue of loan stock. The returns on the new campsite business are likely to have a very low correlation with those of the existing farming business.

Required:

a. Using the capital asset pricing model, calculate the required rate of return on equity of ZK Plc as at 30 September 2021. Ignore any impact from the new campsite project. (3 Marks)

b. Briefly explain the implications of a beta of less than 1, such as that for ZK Plc. (2 Marks)

c. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of ZK Plc as at 30 September 2021 (use your calculation in answer to requirement (a) above for the cost of equity). Ignore any impact from the new campsite project. (10 Marks)

d. Without further calculations, identify and explain the factors that may change ZK Plc’s equity beta during the year ending 30 September 2022. (5 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Financing Decisions and Capital Markets

Evaluating financing options (rights issue vs convertible loans) for Balama Plc's expansion.

Balama Plc. (Balama) is a listed manufacturer of dairy products. In recent years, the company has experienced only a modest level of growth, but following the recent retirement of the chief executive, his replacement is keen to expand Balama’s operations.

The board of directors has recently agreed to support a proposal by the new chief executive that the company purchase new manufacturing equipment to enable it to expand its range of dairy products. The new equipment will cost N50 million, and the company is seeking to raise new finance to fund the expenditure in full. However, the board of directors is undecided as to how the new finance is to be raised. The directors are considering either a 1 for 5 rights issue at a price of N2.50 per share with a theoretical ex-rights price of N2.92 or a convertible loan of N50 million.

The loan will be secured against the company’s freehold land and buildings. The company’s share is presently quoted at a price of N3.00 per share.

Required:

a. Explain the terms ‘rights issue’ and ‘convertible loans’. (3 Marks)

b. Explain how the ‘theoretical ex-rights’ price of N2.92 is calculated and why the actual price might be different. Show your workings. (4 Marks)

c. Prepare a report for the board of directors that fully evaluates the two potential methods of financing the company’s expansion plans. (13 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Mergers and Acquisitions

Evaluating the acquisition of Company K3 in Togo for business expansion purposes.

The following case relates to a business expansion decision for Abayomi Plc (AP):

Abayomi Plc (AP) is a major electrical company in Nigeria. The directors have recently identified Togo as a priority location for business expansion. Togo uses currency T$. Assume today is 30 August 2021.

Company K3, located in Togo, has been identified as a potential acquisition target. AP already manages two business units in Togo, named K1 and K2, and these have shown strong performance under AP’s ownership.

K3 is particularly attractive to AP because it has its own warehouse, distribution, and logistics network, all of which could be used by K1 and K2, if the acquisition goes ahead. Currently, K1 and K2 send goods to customers from AP warehouses located in Ghana. This involves considerable cost and delay in delivery.

K3 is a private company, and 100% of its shares are owned by the family that founded it. Many shareholders are keen to realize their investment by selling the company to AP.

Both companies are working towards an effective date for the sale of K3 to AP on 1 January 2022.

Financial Data for K3 for 2020:

The statement of financial position of K3 as at 31 December 2020 showed the following balances:

T$ Million
Long term borrowings 375
Share capital (T$1 ordinary shares) 90
Total liabilities 465
Net assets 180

Additional Data:

AP aims to maintain the same capital structure as AP. That is, gearing (debt/debt+equity) would be 25% based on market values. AP would guarantee K3’s new debt, which can be assumed to have the same risk profile as AP’s debt.

A proxy company has been identified which is also located in Togo and has a similar business model to K3.

Proxy company data:

  • P/E ratio of 12.
  • Equity beta of 1.7 and debt beta of 0.4.
  • Gearing (debt/debt+equity) based on market values of 35%.

Togo has a risk-free rate of 5% and a market risk premium of 4%.

Financial Data for AP:

Latest data available for AP shows:

  • P/E ratio of 14.
  • Equity beta of 1.5 and debt beta of 0.3.
  • Gearing (debt/debt+equity) based on market values of 25%.
  • AP pays 6.2% interest on its long-term borrowings.
  • Tax rate in Nigeria is 30%.

The spot rate for T$ against Naira today is T$7/₦ (i.e., ₦1 = T$7.00) and is not expected to change in the foreseeable future.

Assume that Nigeria has the same risk-free rate and market risk premium as Togo.

Required:
Assume you are the Finance Director of AP.

a. Advise on:
i. The types of synergistic benefit that might arise from the acquisition of K3. (8 Marks)
ii. Possible reasons why both one-off and ongoing synergistic benefits might not be achieved to the extent expected. (4 Marks)

b. Calculate:
i. A Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for use in valuing K3 based on the proxy company’s business and country risk and AP’s capital structure. (6 Marks)
ii. A range of values for the equity of K3 in T$ as at 1 January 2022 using the following methods:

  • Asset basis. (2 Marks)
  • P/E (including bootstrapping). (5 Marks)
  • DCF (with and without synergistic benefits). (5 Marks)

(Total 30 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q7 -Taxation and Corporate Governance

Calculate the tax liabilities and deferred tax provisions for ICTREC Mining Company Limited, ensuring compliance with Nigerian tax law and addressing FIRS requirements for accurate financial reporting. The report will guide the company in meeting its tax obligations and preparing financial statements free of queries.

The Managing Director of ICTREC Mining Company Limited is concerned about the correct computation and presentation of deferred taxes in the company’s financial statements. Last year, the Federal Inland Revenue Service raised a query on the company’s financial statements and the annual tax returns filed for tax assessment purposes.

To avoid any future tax queries on the financial statements, the Managing Director has approached your firm of chartered accountants to assist in preparing financial statements suitable for presentation at the company’s annual general meeting and submission to the tax authorities for determining tax liabilities.

All relevant books of accounts for ICTREC Mining Company Limited’s financial transactions have been made available to you. The following is an extract from the accounts for the year ended December 31, 2021:

Income and Expenses (N’000):

  • Turnover: 125,400
  • Rent and Rates: 12,200
  • Direct Mining Transportation Cost: 1,190
  • Direct Mining Cost: 47,400
  • Gross Profit: 64,610
  • Dividends Income (net): 3,900
  • Interest on Foreign Deposit: 2,750
  • Total: 71,260
  • Salaries and Wages: 25,340
  • Depreciation of Mining Plant: 2,500
  • Depreciation (Other Non-Current Assets): 7,840
  • Other Administrative and General Expenses: 4,210
  • Loan Interest: 850
  • Loss on Sale of Old Mining Plant: 200
  • Net Profit: 30,320

Additional Information:

  1. Interest on foreign deposit was repatriated through the company’s domiciliary account in a Nigerian deposit money bank.
  2. Unrelieved losses amount to N2,800,000.
  3. Capital allowance agreed with tax authorities for the year was N7,250,000.
  4. Tax written down value of qualifying capital expenditure as of December 31, 2021, was N35,110,000, while net book value was N23,700,000.
  5. Opening tax written down values and net book values were N42,620,000 and N33,900,000, respectively.
  6. Unpaid tax at the beginning of the year was N15,620,000, with payments made during the year totaling N18,860,000.
  7. Depreciation rate of 10% per annum applies to the mining plant.
  8. The mining plant was revalued in 2017, with a revaluation surplus of N5 million included in the financial statements that year.

Required:

You have been directed by your Principal Partner to work on this assignment and prepare a draft report for his review. The report should show the computation of the following:

  1. Tax liabilities for the relevant year of assessment
    (7 Marks)
  2. Deferred tax provisions for 2021 and 2022
    (8 Marks)

Total: 15 Marks

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q6 – Double Taxation Reliefs and Credits

Evaluate whether Singapura PTC Limited, a Singaporean company, qualifies for tax exemption in Nigeria due to the Nigeria-Singapore double taxation agreement (DTA). Outline the benefits available under the DTA to Singaporean residents and identify scenarios where the company would still be liable for tax in Nigeria.

Singapura PTC Limited, a company registered in Singapore, derived various income streams from Nigeria in 2021. Following this, the Nigerian tax office issued an assessment based on the Companies Income Tax Act, prompting Singapura PTC Limited to request an objection. The company claims that, as a Singapore resident, it should not be liable for Nigerian taxes due to the double taxation agreement between Nigeria and Singapore.

Required:

  1. Do you agree with the company, that its residence in Singapore qualifies it for tax exemption in Nigeria?
    (5 Marks)
  2. What are the benefits that may be available to a resident of Singapore under the double taxation agreement between Nigeria and Singapore?
    (5 Marks)
  3. State FIVE circumstances under which a company registered in Singapore will be liable to tax in Nigeria.
    (5 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q5 – Taxation and Corporate Governance

Analyze the tax implications for Yemmysea Beverages Limited’s proposed merger and acquisition arrangements, covering scenarios where a company absorbs another, a merger results in business cessation, and a business is sold or transferred. Additionally, explain the regulatory powers of the FIRS in mergers and acquisitions.

In its bid to increase market power, growth, and enhance operating economies, the Board of Directors of a medium-sized beverage company, Yemmysea Beverages Limited, located in Abeokuta, is considering proposals for a merger or acquisition with another business entity in the same industry. The Chairman of the Board found all the proposals attractive.

However, the Financial Accountant advised that the Board should consider the tax implications associated with each proposed merger or acquisition arrangement. To address this, a reputable tax consulting firm, experienced in mergers, acquisitions, and reorganizations, was recommended to provide expert analysis.

Your firm has now been approached to offer professional advice on the tax implications of each of the following merger or acquisition arrangements:

  • Proposal 1: When an existing company absorbs another existing company.
  • Proposal 2: When a merger results in the cessation of business.
  • Proposal 3: When a business is sold or transferred.

Required:

As the company’s Tax Consultant, submit a report to the Managing Director explaining the following:

  1. Tax implications when an existing company absorbs another existing company.
    (5 Marks)
  2. Tax implications when a merger results in the cessation of business.
    (3 Marks)
  3. Tax implications when a business is sold or transferred.
    (3 Marks)
  4. The powers of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) on issues concerning mergers and acquisitions of companies.
    (4 Marks)

Total: 15 Marks

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)

Calculate Colamrud Petroleum’s adjusted and assessable profit for Q1 2022 based on allowable and non-allowable expenses under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, and comment on the company's cost-price ratio in relation to regulatory standards.

Colamrud Petroleum (Nigeria) Limited, a subsidiary of a foreign oil and gas company, has been engaged in petroleum prospecting and exploration (upstream) operations for both local and foreign markets for over a decade. As part of corporate policy, the management reviews the quarterly performance reports in board meetings. Below is the financial summary for the first quarter (January – March) 2022, prepared by the Finance Controller:

Income (N’000):

  • Value of oil sold (export): 900,380
  • Value of oil sold (local): 223,300
  • Value of gas sold: 430,100
  • Other income: 7,200
  • Gross revenue: 1,560,980

Expenses (N’000):

  • Production cost: 210,730
  • Tangible drilling cost (first appraisal well): 18,800
  • Intangible drilling cost (first appraisal well): 17,600
  • Cost of gas reinjection wells: 4,000
  • Cost of drilling 3 appraisal wells: 24,000
  • Rent: 13,000
  • Royalties on export sales: 69,300
  • Royalties on local sales: 9,800
  • Salaries and wages: 170,500
  • Head office shared costs: 62,000
  • Repairs and maintenance: 8,930
  • Customs duty on essentials: 2,900
  • Depreciation: 66,000
  • Interest on loans: 4,400
  • Allowance for doubtful debts: 34,000
  • Administrative expenses: 79,200
  • Stamp duties on increase in share capital: 1,000
  • Bank charges: 900
  • Miscellaneous expenses: 22,500
  • Income tax provision: 90,000
  • Tertiary education tax provision: 6,000
  • Total expenses: 915,560
  • Net profit: 645,420

Additional Information:

  1. Fiscal oil and gas prices were approved on an export parity basis by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission.
  2. Head office shared costs:
    • Research and development costs: 12,000
    • Indirect production costs: 50,000
  3. Repairs and maintenance:
    • Repairs of oil pipelines and storage tanks: 6,000
    • Repairs of plant: 1,500
    • Improvement to building: 1,430
  4. Allowance for doubtful debts:
    • Specific provision: 10,000
    • General provision: 20,000
    • Bad debt written off: 4,000
  5. Administrative expenses:
    • Natural gas flare fees: 10,000
    • Transport cost: 13,200
    • Cost of obtaining information on oil existence: 7,300
    • Expenditure for acquisition of geological information: 14,900
    • Other allowable expenses: 33,800
  6. Miscellaneous expenses:
    • Tenement levy paid to local government: 2,000
    • Contribution to Niger Delta Development fund: 5,500
    • Contribution to Host Community Development fund: 12,000
    • Donation to widows and orphans association: 3,000
  7. Unabsorbed losses brought forward: 35,000

Required:

As the company’s Assistant Tax Manager, prepare a report for the Tax Manager that includes:

  1. Adjusted Profit and Assessable Profit: Calculate the adjusted profit and assessable profit for the first quarter of 2022 in line with the Petroleum Industry Act 2021.
    (18 Marks)
  2. Cost-Price Ratio Commentary: Provide comments on the cost-price ratio of the company, referencing the Sixth Schedule of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021.
    (2 Marks)

Total: 20 Marks

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AT – Nov 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Capital Gains Tax

Calculate capital gains and tax payable on asset disposals, analyze due dates for tax return and payment, and evaluate provisions for compensation.

Microfin Garment Nigeria Plc has been in business for many years as a textile manufacturer. At a recent annual general meeting, shareholders noted a decline in profitability, market share price, and dividends. They observed a particular product line was underperforming due to competition, and a reorganization was agreed upon to be completed within quarter 3 of the new financial year.

The Board of Directors complied with the shareholders’ resolution, deciding to:

  1. Relieve the General Manager (Mr. Chukwu Bala) and Operations Manager (Mr. Ojo Ekaite) of their jobs due to the underperforming segment. They were compensated N12 million and N7.5 million, respectively.
  2. Redeploy production and administrative staff to other branches.
  3. Dispose of qualifying property, plant, and equipment with details as follows:
    Asset Cost (N’000) Tax Written Down Value (N’000) Sales Proceeds (N’000)
    Industrial building 85,000 36,125 123,900
    Plant and machinery 128,500 16,062.5 80,000 and 60,000
    Factory equipment 150,600 37,650 160,000

Additional Notes:

  • Industrial building: Acquired in 2014, with renovation costs of N288,000 and incidental expenses of N150,000 prior to disposal in February 2021. N100.2 million of the proceeds were used in July 2021 to acquire a new building for the head office.
  • Plant and machinery: Acquired in 2017, partially sold in April 2021 for N80 million. The undisposed part had a market value of N65.3 million and was sold in August 2021 for N60 million, with N30,000 in incidental expenses.
  • Factory equipment: Acquired in 2018, sold in September 2021 at a market value of N162.5 million after incurring N250,000 refurbishment costs.

Required:

As the company’s Tax Consultant, you are to submit a report to the Managing Director showing:

a. The capital gains (if any) and the capital gains tax payable on:

  1. Disposal and subsequent acquisition of the industrial building (7 Marks)
  2. Disposal of plant and machinery (6 Marks)
  3. Disposal of factory equipment (3 Marks)

b. State the due dates for filing of self-assessment returns and payment of tax computed on each asset disposed of. (2 Marks)

c. Comment on the provisions of the Finance Act 2020 regarding compensation for loss of office for the two staff members disengaged by the company. (2 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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AT- Nov 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Calculate adjusted profit and tax liabilities for Owoeye Machine Tools, considering pioneer period capital allowances.

As a result of the developing nature of Nigeria’s economy, there are some industries and products that are not well developed on a scale that can adequately cater to the needs of the populace. One of the investment incentives available to industries and products in this category is contained in the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act 1971. Application has to be made to the Federal Government to enjoy any of these numerous investment incentives.

Owoeye Machine Tools Nigeria Limited was incorporated on January 20, 2016, and was initially granted a pioneer certificate on April 1, 2016. At the end of the pioneer period, the company, due to negligence, failed to follow due process in applying for an extension of the pioneer certificate. The company retained March 31 as its financial year-end. The following records and information were obtained from the company:

  1. Qualifying Capital Expenditure on property, plant, and equipment (certified by the Federal Inland Revenue Service) incurred during the pioneer period:
    Asset Type Amount (N’000)
    Industrial building 23,800
    Building (non-industrial) 11,600
    Motor vehicles 6,200
    Plant 10,400
    Furniture and fittings 5,800
  2. Statement of Adjusted Profits/(Losses) during the Pioneer Period:
    Period Profit/(Loss) (N’000)
    Year ended March 31, 2017 (44,450)
    Year ended March 31, 2018 (23,140)
    Year ended March 31, 2019 8,700
  3. Both the qualifying capital expenditure on property, plant, and equipment and adjusted profits/(losses) were certified by the Federal Inland Revenue Service.
  4. The company made a gross turnover of N312,450,000 and an adjusted profit of N52,250,000 during the year ended March 31, 2020.
  5. Extract from the Statement of Profit or Loss for the Year Ended March 31, 2021:
    Item Amount (N’000)
    Gross turnover 320,220
    Less: Cost of sales (176,550)
    Gross profit 143,670
    Expenses
    Salaries and wages 48,430
    Transport and traveling 2,360
    Motor running expenses 1,580
    Postage and telephone 1,150
    Bank charges 870
    Repairs and maintenance 3,660
    Auditors’ remuneration 1,500
    Legal and professional fees 2,000
    Depreciation 15,770
    Donations 1,600
    Allowance for doubtful debts 7,000
    Administrative expenses 10,070
    Total Expenses 95,990
    Net Profit 47,680
  6. Notes:
    • Legal and Professional Fees: Includes N1,400,000 paid for land acquisition for the business.
    • Allowance for Doubtful Debts: Includes N1,350,000 for specific provision, N4,150,000 for general provision, and N1,500,000 for bad debts written off.
    • Administrative Expenses: Includes N850,000 paid for a feasibility study on a proposed product line.
    • Qualifying Capital Expenditure Schedule for the year ended March 31, 2021:
      Asset Type Date of Acquisition Amount (N’000)
      Motor vehicles (2) April 15, 2020 3,200
      Plant (1) July 1, 2020 5,000
      Furniture and fittings (4) February 13, 2021 1,200

Required:

As the company’s Tax Manager, you are to prepare a report for the attention of the Managing Director showing the company’s:

a. Adjusted profit for the year ended March 31, 2021

(6 Marks)
b. Tax liabilities for the 2021 and 2022 assessment years (24 Marks)
(Total: 30 Marks)

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