Series: NOV 2015

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Analyzes reasons for slow growth in DAB phone sales, uses the S-shaped growth curve to evaluate market stages, and suggests sales improvement strategies.

Ade John is a graduate of XYZ University. For his final project work in the Department of
Electronics and Electrical Engineering, he designed a cell-phone that is rugged, cheap,
handy and not sophisticated.
During his national service year, he kept toying with the idea of manufacturing the cellphone. To ascertain that there is a market for the phone, he carried out a series of market surveys among rural farmers, artisans, market women, etc. Each time, he was convinced that a market actually exists for his design. He also made contact with some manufacturers of cell-phone components. He entered
into an agreement with CKT Japan to import cell-phone accessories to enable him
assemble them in Nigeria. DAB phone is the first of its kind in the Nigerian market and
production and assembly commenced in a small room in his uncle‟s house at Ikare.
The first batch of phones manufactured by DAB Company was supplied to cell-phone
vendors in cities on „sale or return‟ basis. To encourage distributors to accept the
phones, a 15% margin was allowed. In addition, independent sales persons (hawkers)
were given between 10 -12% margin to sell the product. In spite of the low price of DAB
phones, demand was disappointing at the end of the first year. Nevertheless, Ade John is
still optimistic about the commercial viability of the phone if only he could develop an
effective strategy to market the DAB phones

Required:
a. Identify and explain TWO reasons for the slow growth of sales of DAB phones. (4 Marks)
b. With the aid of an S-shaped growth curve, evaluate market development of DAB phones. (6 Marks)
c. Recommend the strategies that Ade John can use to improve sales. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Evaluates how specific corporate governance issues impact the effectiveness of a company's governance.

Explain briefly how the following key issues in corporate governance establish how well or badly a company is governed:

a. The role and responsibilities of the board of directors
b. The composition and balance of the board of directors
c. Financial reporting, narrative reporting, and auditing
d. Directors’ remuneration
e. Risk management and internal control

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Governance

Outlines key responsibilities and duties of the board in corporate governance, relevant for improving corporate structure and performance.

The owner of ABC Company learned from a conference and a professional magazine that weak corporate governance accounted for recent corporate failures in Nigeria. Many board members were found lacking a clear understanding of board responsibilities and duties.

Required:
The Managing Director will soon address the board and has requested a paper detailing the board’s responsibilities and duties.

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q4 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Analyzes strengths and weaknesses of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc pre- and post-2000 ownership changes, and suggests strategies for sustaining the company.

Toyin Trust Insurance Company is one of the duly registered insurance companies in Nigeria. Ten years after it started operations in 1990, the company had become a household name in the market. Its strengths included timely payment of claims and introduction of quality products that captured changing customers’ needs.

At inception, the company was 100% foreign-owned, with five of the seven directors being experienced expatriate insurance practitioners. However, by 2000, over 90% of the equity had been transferred to Nigerian investors. In 2009, following reorganization, many experienced senior managers resigned, and inexperienced staff took over key positions, leading to a decline in service quality and a 40% drop in premium collection.

Required:

a. Analyze the strengths of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc before 2000. (5 Marks)
b. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc after 2000. (5 Marks)
c. Suggest essential strategies to sustain Toyin Trust Insurance Plc. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3 – Ethics in Business

Describes the nature of business and professional ethics, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, and criticisms of the theory.

Kalu, a competent consultant and accountant, works in Bosun and Company Limited. The company realized that almost all of its newly employed entry-level staff are deficient in business and professional ethics. Consequently, the Human Resources Manager recommended to the CEO that a training program on business and professional ethics should be organized. Kalu is nominated as a resource person to speak at the training program.

Required:
a. How should Kalu explain the nature and importance of business ethics and professional ethics? (6 Marks)
b. Advise Kalu on how he should analyze Kohlberg’s theory of moral development in an attempt to explain to the trainee participants how people generally develop a sense of morality both in personal and professional life. (10 Marks)
c. Discuss any TWO of the criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory. (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Develops a risk management program for theft, diversion, and safety issues; includes risk reduction and financing techniques.

Dolly Homes Plc is a real estate firm based in Abuja. The firm builds residential apartments and office blocks in five states of the federation. The objective of Dolly Homes Plc is to deliver high-quality, aesthetically designed, and professionally built homes/offices to its customers at competitive prices. It employs several skilled and casual workers, construction supervisors, construction engineers, architects, and quantity surveyors.

The company maintains a store at each of its building sites, each manned by a storekeeper and an assistant. Building materials are purchased centrally and delivered to sites per material schedules prepared by the quantity surveyor.

Patronage from middle and high-income brackets has been impressive; however, recently, the company has been receiving complaints about poor quality. The most alarming complaint involved a legal threat for injuries sustained when a kitchen cabinet collapsed in a client’s home.

Management’s investigation revealed theft of materials, diversion, and re-work waste due to poor finishing. There were also job site accidents, leading to employee injuries, lost hours, and increased medical claims.

Management decided to establish a risk management program to address theft, diversion, and health/safety issues.

Required:
a. As an Accountant, develop a risk management program to address Dolly Homes Plc’s problems. (8 Marks)
b. Advise management on techniques to reduce the frequency of risk exposures in the future. (6 Marks)
c. Suggest risk financing techniques to protect the company’s staff from injuries and accidents. (6 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1c – Corporate Governance

Discusses the difference between rules-based and principles-based professional ethics in accountancy.

What is the main difference between a rules-based and a principles-based code of professional ethics for accountants?

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1b – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discusses various methods for managing and controlling risks in an organization, illustrating different risk management techniques.

There are different methods of managing and controlling risks. Explain and illustrate any THREE of the following approaches to risk management:
i. Risk Diversification
ii. Risk Transfer
iii. Risk Sharing
iv. Risk Hedging (15 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explains credit risk management concepts, including exposure, losses, residual risk, and appetite.

The finance director of Basket Company is preparing a proposal to present to the board of directors. He believes that the company is much too cautious in its policy of giving credit to customers. At the moment all customers are given 30 days’ credit. He believes that by increasing its exposure to credit risk, and increasing credit terms to 60 days, the company will achieve an increase in annual sales of up to 20%. He also thinks that some improvements in debt collection procedures will reduce the level of bad debts, although some bad debts cannot be avoided. He thinks that the value of sales where there is a default will fall each year from 2% of sales to 1.8% of sales. He proposes that in order to increase annual sales and profits, the company should be willing to increase its risk appetite and accept the risk of higher bad debts.

Required:

  1. Using this example of managing credit risk, explain and illustrate the meaning of:
    i. Exposure to risk
    ii. Risk of losses
    iii. Residual risk
    iv. Risk appetite

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  • 15 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q7 – Public Sector Reforms

Distinguish between basic infrastructure and development projects with examples and identify funding sources and characteristics.

In order to achieve some development objectives, nations place emphasis on priority programmes like the provision of basic infrastructure and development projects, all of which require appropriate funding.

Required:

a. By means of specific relevant examples, distinguish between “basic infrastructure” and “development projects”. (3 Marks)

b. Discuss TWO development objectives which the priority programmes you refer to in (a) above are planned to achieve. (4 Marks)

c. Identify TWO sources of funding for these priority projects stating TWO distinct characteristics of each source identified and TWO factors that facilitate the commercial viability of the projects. (8 Marks)

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  • 7 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q6b – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Discusses three allocation roles of government in developing economies to support resource distribution.

Discuss THREE allocation “roles of government” in the context of a developing economy.

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  • 8 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q6a – Introduction to Public Sector Accounting

Describe key characteristics of a developing economy with reference to Nigeria.

In spite of the abundant human and natural resources with which Nigeria is endowed, the country is conspicuously listed among developing countries of the world. In light of the foregoing:

a. Explain FOUR features of a developing economy with particular reference to Nigeria.

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  • 9 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q5a – Public Sector Audit

Outline audit objectives for Treasury, Agency, and Government Enterprise accounts.

The functions of the office of the Auditor-General for the Federation is to audit the accounts of all Accounting Officers and all persons entrusted with the collections, receipts, custody, issue, or payment of Federal Government monies or with the receipt, collection, issue, sale, transfer, or delivery of any stamps, securities, stores, or other property of the Government of the Federation and for the certification of the annual accounts of the Government.

In light of the above, state three audit objectives of:
i. Treasury Accounts.
ii. Agency Accounts.
iii. Government Enterprise Accounts.

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Prepare the financial statements of Egbin Electricity Board for 2014, including statement of financial performance and position.

The following information has been extracted from the books of Egbin Electricity Board, a public sector-owned electricity generating company, for the year ended December 31, 2014:

Item N’000
Accumulated Depreciation, January 1, 2014 45,224
Sale of Electricity 114,392
Purchase of Electricity 95,784
Meter reading, billing, and collection 1,624
Non-Current Assets Expenditure 84,102
Debtors for electricity consumption 12,006
Training and welfare 692
Stock and work-in-progress 1,234
Rents, Rates, and Insurance 2,126
Electricity Estimated unread consumption 7,222
Administration and General Expenses 1,476
Electricity Council Grant 21,556
Preparation of Electricity Council’s Expenses 362
Bank Balance and Cash 1,284
Depreciation for the year 3,634
Hire purchase and deferred payment 2,672
Interest and Financing Expenses 2,434
Creditors and accrued liabilities 13,926
Profit on contracting and sale of appliance poles 534
Reserves 23,116
Rental of Meters Application 556
Distribution cost 4,476
Customer Service 1,810

Required:

Prepare in vertical form the Statement of Financial Performance and Statement of Financial Position for Egbin Electricity Board for the year ended December 31, 2014.

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  • 8 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3c – Government Revenue

Compute Irepodun State Government's revenue budget for 2015 fiscal year.

Irepodun State is inhabited by 8,000,000 citizens. The State is expected to generate revenue from different sources. The following details are provided for the 2015 fiscal year:

(i) The number of taxable adults residing in the State is 3,500,000. The rate of tax payable per resident is N20,000 per taxable adult on average per annum.
(ii) There are 22,500 industries which are expected to pay land use charges of N10,000 per industry.
(iii) There are 2,300,000 residential buildings expected to pay land use charge of N4,500 per house per annum.
(iv) The modern markets built by the State Government will generate N12,000 per annum per stall and N5,000 per annum per seller and hawker operating in the markets. There are 3,000 modern stalls and 250,000 sellers and hawkers assumed to operate in the markets each year. The local governments within the areas of the markets’ location are entitled to 50% of revenue generated from the markets.
(v) There are 5,000 mass transit buses owned by the State Government, each of which generates N5,000 per business day. Assume 28 business days in a month.
(vi) The State expects the following additional revenue in the year:

Revenue Source N’Million
Statutory allocation from the Federation 25,000
Miscellaneous Revenue 3,000

Required:

Compute the revenue budget of Irepodun State Government for the fiscal year 2015.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3b – Treasury Management in the Public Sector

Describe five weaknesses in Nigeria's cash management practices.

Discuss any FIVE weaknesses in the current system of cash management in Nigeria.

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  • 2 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3a – Treasury Management in the Public Sector

State four key objectives of cash planning and management.

Cash management is one of the challenges of Treasuries all over the world.

a. Identify any FOUR objectives of cash planning and management.

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2 – Pension Accounting in the Public Sector

Analysis of pension misappropriation under the Pension Reform Act, detailing offences, penalties, and competent jurisdictions.

Mr. Betta Tomoro is a staff of Goodlife Local Government Council of Welfare State. He has been in the local government council’s employment for twenty-five (25) years. Recently, he attained the age of fifty-two (52) years. He had risen to the post of an Assistant Director on grade level 15, step 2. Mr. Betta Tomoro and his employer had contributed the sum of N8.5 million under the old Pension Scheme and Pension Reform Act 2014. Monthly contributions are sent to his Pension Fund Administrator (PFA), Diversity Pension Managers Limited.

It is the practice of the Pension Fund Administrator to send to Mr. Betta Tomoro the records of his pension on a monthly basis. However, in April 2015, no further record was received by Mr. Betta Tomoro concerning his pension fund. This resulted in his visit to the Pension Fund Administrator’s office to inquire about the sudden stoppage of his pension fund.

During cross-examination at the Court of Competent Jurisdiction to hear pension-related offences, it was found that five staff members of Diversity Pension Managers Limited had bought mansions in Victoria Garden City and other houses in London valued at N380 million. They jointly floated a company, Owo-mugun Limited, with all operational infrastructure in place, all valued at N175 million. They also had N18 million in various local and international bank accounts.

After two hearings on the allegations of criminal misappropriation of clients’ pension monies filed against these staff, judgment was reserved by the court for December 15, 2015.

Required:

a. In line with the Pension Reform Act 2014, identify TWO acts that constitute criminal offences.
(4 Marks)

b. If by December 15, 2015, the five staff are found guilty of misappropriation of clients’ pension fund, state THREE penalties provided to be imposed on them as per the Pension Reform Act 2014.
(6 Marks)

c. Identify THREE Courts of Competent Jurisdiction that can hear pension-related cases as provided in the Act.
(3 Marks)

d. If Mr. Betta Tomoro preferred to withdraw his service voluntarily from Goodlife Local Government Council at the age of forty-five (45) years, what provisions would be available to him concerning his pension contribution?
(3 Marks)

e. Assuming the prevailing interest rate is 21.5%, compute the total amount payable by the convicts (including interest) if the entire amount misappropriated is ordered to be refunded by the court.
(4 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1 – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Evaluate financial treatment for leased machinery, borrowing costs, and investment properties in a public sector agency's financial statements.

Top-Hill State Investment Agency, a government business entity, provided the following transactions for the financial year ended December 31, 2014:

a. On January 1, 2014, the company acquired machinery on lease with a fair value of ₦500,000 and a residual value of NIL at the end of its economic life of five years. The lease payment of ₦139,778 was made first on January 1, 2014, with payments due on the first day of each financial year. The implicit interest rate was set at 8%.

b. Top-Hill State Investment Agency incurred borrowing costs of ₦5 million for the financial year ended December 31, 2014, with ₦1.2 million specifically related to constructing a qualifying asset. The Agency’s policy is to capitalize borrowing costs in line with IPSAS 5 on “Borrowing Costs.”

c. The Agency applies the cost model to its investment properties. At the end of the 2013 financial year, the investment properties carried a value of ₦4.5 million. The Agency depreciates these properties using a 25% reducing balance. The fair value as of December 31, 2014, was ₦4.2 million.

Required:

  1. Explain how the newly leased machinery should be treated in the Financial Statements (Extracts) of the Agency.
  2. State the amount to be taken to the Statement of Financial Performance (Extracts) and the Statement of Financial Position (Extracts) for the year ended December 31, 2014. (20 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ₦5 million borrowing costs should be treated in the financial statements (Extracts) and state the amount to be recorded in the Statement of Financial Performance (Extracts) and the Statement of Financial Position (Extracts) for the year ended December 31, 2014. (4 Marks)
  4. Identify and explain the accounting entries required as of December 31, 2014, to account for the Investment Properties. Show workings. (6 Marks)

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