Series: NOV 2011

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q16 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifying the appropriate signatories for a Letter of Representation.

Question

The Letter of representation is normally signed by:

A. Managing Director and Chairman of the Board
B. Managing Director and Company Secretary
C. Managing Director and Finance Director
D. Chairman of the Board and Finance Director
E. Chairman of Audit Committee and the Managing Director

Answer

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Tags: Audit Documentation, Audit Procedure, Letter of Representation, Signatories
Level: Level 3

Topic: Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q15 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Key focus areas for IT Auditors in a risk-based audit program.

Question

While developing a risk-based audit program, the Information Technology Auditor most likely will focus on:

A. Strategic controls
B. Critical IT applications
C. Operation control
D. Business strategy
E. Business process

Answer

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Tags: Audit Focus, Critical Applications, IT Audit, IT Systems, Risk-Based Audit
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q9 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Identifying an invalid statement about the benefits and use of IFRS.

Question

Which of the statements listed below about IFRS is invalid?

A. Multinational should benefit from a number of cost savings when using IFRS
B. Companies that wish to reach a wider group of investors will find financial statements based on IFRS acceptable in all major markets
C. Using IFRS will make it easier, though more expensive, to have secondary listing in other countries of the world
D. Using the same accounting basis provides greater comparability between companies which will lead to more efficient investment
E. The original standard setter between (1973-2000) was International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC)

Answer

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Tags: Accounting Standards, Financial Reporting, IFRS, International Standards
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Explores the functions and significance of various committees and concepts in governance, including the Public Accounts Committee and due diligence.

Question

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Public Accounts Committee
(3 Marks)

(b) Value-for-Money Audit
(3 Marks)

(d) Due Diligence
(3 Marks)

(e) Due Process
(3 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Alarm, Due diligence, Due Process, Public Accounts Committee, Value for Money Audit
Level: Level 3

Topic: Internal Audit and Corporate Governance
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifies going concern symptoms, audit procedures for evaluating going concern, and factors to assess continuation potential.

Question

When a company is experiencing going concern problems, it may exhibit various financial and non-financial symptoms.

Required:

(a) State FIVE financial and FIVE non-financial going concern symptoms.
(5 Marks)

(b) State the audit procedures you would adopt as an auditor to determine whether a client company is experiencing going concern problems.
(6 Marks)

(c) What other factors would you consider in assessing if the company can continue despite the going concern issues?
(4 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Procedures, Financial Stability, Financial Symptoms, Going Concern, Non-Financial Symptoms, Risk Assessment
Level: Level 3

Topic: Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Clarifies auditor's statutory responsibilities, provisions in CAMA to reduce the communication gap, and controls for addressing performance gaps.

Question

The role of auditors is commonly misconceived. Many people argue that the auditor is expected to detect all frauds and irregularities in a client’s business. Others believe that the auditor should act more like a court of justice where truth is defended. In fact, the auditor’s responsibilities, powers, and duties are defined by statutes, ethics, and auditing standards.

Required:

(a) What are the provisions available in the Companies and Allied Matters Act Cap C20 LFN, 2004, which seek to reduce the communication gap between the auditor and the shareholders?
(7 Marks)

(b) Explain EIGHT controls available to address the problem of the performance gap.
(8 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Controls, Auditor Responsibilities, Communication Gap, Companies and Allied Matters Act, Performance Gap
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit of Corporate Governance

Key objectives and structures within corporate governance, focusing on the audit committee's role and board actions affecting governance.

Question

(a) Outline the main objective of corporate governance.
(3 Marks)

(b) One of the tools of corporate governance in Nigeria is the establishment of the Audit Committee under Section 359 (6) of Companies and Allied Matters Act Cap C20 LFN, 2004. What are the composition and functions of an Audit Committee?
(6 Marks)

(c) State SIX instances when the corporate governance of a public company may be compromised by the Board of Directors.
(6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Committee, Board of Directors, CAMA, Corporate Accountability, Corporate Governance, Governance Standards
Level: Level 3

Topic: Audit of Corporate Governance
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Overview and impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on corporate accountability and self-regulation.

Question

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, enacted in the United States to guide and regulate the work of accountants and auditors, raised issues about the culture of self-regulation in the accounting profession.

You are required to:

(a) State the reason for its enactment and issues covered therein.
(2 Marks)

(b) State its main provisions that relate to corporate accountability.
(8 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Accountability, Corporate Scandals, Public Companies, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Self-regulation
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles

Evaluate the steps for identifying and responding to fraud risk during audit planning.

Question

Fela Idaewor is the auditor for Matty Co. Ltd, a rapidly expanding retail business based in Lekki. This is her first year as the audit manager. During her engagement planning, she observed multiple risk factors, such as the company’s strong interest in maintaining earnings and share prices, unrealistic financial forecasts, and high reliance on debt financing for expansion. Additionally, there were strong indications that fraud might have been committed by top management.

Required
(a) What should Idaewor do about the possibility of fraud at the planning stage? (7 Marks)
(b) What documentation is required for identifying risk factors? (5 Marks)
(c) If Idaewor has evidence suggesting fraud, what are her communication responsibilities to management? (3 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Planning, Fraud Detection, Management Communication, Professional Skepticism, Risk Factors
Level: Level 3

Topic: Application of Audit and Assurance Principles
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SAII – Q20 – Assurance Engagements

Definition of an assurance engagement's objective in providing confidence to users.

Question

An assignment in which the practitioner expresses a conclusion designed to enhance the degree of confidence of the intended users other than the responsible party about the outcome of the evaluation or measurement of a subject matter is…………………………

Answer

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Tags: Assurance Engagement, Confidence Enhancement, Evaluation, Measurement
Level: Level 3

Topic: Assurance Engagements
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q5 – Partnership Law

Discussing the required minimum contents of a partnership agreement and legal considerations in a dispute.

Question

(a) “It is not necessary for any two or more persons who intend to enter into a partnership to enter into any formal agreement. Where, however, they decide to do so, such agreements must have certain minimum contents.”

State any SIX of these minimum contents. (6 Marks)

(b) Femi and Solape entered into an agreement to contribute equal amounts to buy books. They purchased the books and shared them between themselves for sale. Subsequent to the initial purchase, however, Femi purchased books alone. Solape demanded that she share equally with Femi the profit made from the sale of the books, but Femi refused on the ground that Solape had not contributed towards the purchase of the books. Solape threatened to institute a court action for one half of the profit made on the sale of the books, claiming a partnership agreement. The written agreement between them was for sharing of the books purchased, not for sharing of the profit.

You are required to advise the parties. (9 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business Law, Legal Contracts, Partnership Agreement, Profit Sharing
Level: Level 1

Topic: Partnership Law
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Company Law

Understanding the principles of the Salomon vs Salomon & Co Ltd case, circumstances for lifting the veil of incorporation, and statutory terms of partnership agreements

Question

(a) Explain the legal principle(s) established in the case of Salomon vs Salomon Co. Ltd. (1897). (2 Marks)

(b) State FOUR circumstances when the veil of incorporation of a company may be lifted under statute. (4 Marks)

(d) State FIVE statutory terms of a Partnership Agreement as contained in Sections 24 and 25 of the Partnership Act 1890. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Company Law, Legal Personality, Lifting the Veil, Partnership Agreement
Level: Level 1

Topic: Company Law
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3c – Negotiable Instruments

Explaining the two main parties involved in an insurance contract.

Question

Explain the TWO main parties to an insurance contract.

Answer

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Tags: Insurance Contract, Insured, Insurer
Level: Level 1

Topic: Negotiable Instruments
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3b – Hire Purchase and Consumer Credit Transactions

Defining a hire purchase agreement and explaining its essential features.

Question

Define “hire purchase agreement” and explain THREE of its essential features.

Answer

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Tags: Bailment, Contract, Hire Purchase, Property in Goods
Level: Level 1

Topic: Hire Purchase and Consumer Credit Transactions
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3a – Sale of Goods

Identifying three classifications of goods under the Sale of Goods Act.

Question

Explain THREE classifications of goods under the Sale of Goods Act.

Answer

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Tags: Future Goods, Sale of Goods, Specific Goods, Unascertained Goods
Level: Level 1

Topic: Sale of Goods
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2d – Partnership Law

Understanding the concept of deferred debts in bankruptcy and providing examples.

Question

Define “Deferred Debts” in bankruptcy proceedings and give any THREE examples.

Answer

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Tags: Bankruptcy, Debt Hierarchy, Deferred Debts
Level: Level 1

Topic: Partnership Law
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2c – Law of Contract

Identifying and explaining the elements of a valid contract.

Question

State briefly the elements of a valid contract.

Answer

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Tags: Consideration, Contracts, Intention to Create Legal Relations, Offer and Acceptance
Level: Level 1

Topic: Law of Contract
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2b – Law of Contract

Analyzing the breach of contract claim based on the sale of a car and revocation of an offer.

Question

On 1st of May, Adam saw a car in a local garage with a price tag of N300,000. When he went in to buy it, the garage owner, Bala, laughed and said that the tag must have been wrongly labelled as the actual price of the car was N800,000. However, in the circumstances, he said he would split the difference and let Adam have it for N550,000. Adam asked for time to think about the offer and Bala said he could have three days. Two days later, Adam found out that his friend Chibuzor had bought the car from Bala for N700,000. Adam has decided to sue Bala for breach of contract. Advise Adam.

Answer

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Tags: Breach of Contract, Contract Law, Offer and Acceptance, Revocation of Offer
Level: Level 1

Topic: Law of Contract
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2a – Law of Contract

Distinguishing between an offer and an invitation to treat.

Question

Distinguish between an offer and an invitation to treat.

Answer

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Tags: Contract Law, Invitation to Treat, Offer
Level: Level 1

Topic: Law of Contract
Series: NOV 2011

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Agency Law

The question explores the principle of agency by estoppel, doctrine of binding precedent, vicarious liability, and definitions of intestacy and trust.

Question

Yomi, the son of a school proprietor, often visited his father’s office to spend some hours. Although never given authority to do so, he sometimes assisted in accepting payments from and issued receipts to students, and always handed over the money to the Bursar. However, he failed to account for the payment he received from Kola, a student, whom the school eventually declared as still owing. The school proprietor argued that Yomi had no authority to collect money from students on behalf of the school.

(a) Outline the legal positions of Yomi, Kola, and the school. (5 Marks)

(b) Explain the doctrine of binding precedent and state TWO instances when the Court of Appeal will NOT be bound by its own previous decisions. (4 Marks)

(d) Define (i) Intestacy and (ii) Trust. (2 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Agency by Estoppel, Intestacy, Judicial Precedent, Trust Law, Vicarious Liability
Level: Level 1

Topic: Agency Law
Series: NOV 2011

Series: NOV 2011

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q16 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifying the appropriate signatories for a Letter of Representation.

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q15 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Key focus areas for IT Auditors in a risk-based audit program.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q15 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics"

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q9 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Identifying an invalid statement about the benefits and use of IFRS.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q9 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Explores the functions and significance of various committees and concepts in governance, including the Public Accounts Committee and due diligence.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifies going concern symptoms, audit procedures for evaluating going concern, and factors to assess continuation potential.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Clarifies auditor's statutory responsibilities, provisions in CAMA to reduce the communication gap, and controls for addressing performance gaps.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit of Corporate Governance

Key objectives and structures within corporate governance, focusing on the audit committee's role and board actions affecting governance.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit of Corporate Governance"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Overview and impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on corporate accountability and self-regulation.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles

Evaluate the steps for identifying and responding to fraud risk during audit planning.

You're reporting an error for "AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles"

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SAII – Q20 – Assurance Engagements

Definition of an assurance engagement's objective in providing confidence to users.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q5 – Partnership Law

Discussing the required minimum contents of a partnership agreement and legal considerations in a dispute.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Company Law

Understanding the principles of the Salomon vs Salomon & Co Ltd case, circumstances for lifting the veil of incorporation, and statutory terms of partnership agreements

You're reporting an error for "BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Company Law"

BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3c – Negotiable Instruments

Explaining the two main parties involved in an insurance contract.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3b – Hire Purchase and Consumer Credit Transactions

Defining a hire purchase agreement and explaining its essential features.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q3a – Sale of Goods

Identifying three classifications of goods under the Sale of Goods Act.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2d – Partnership Law

Understanding the concept of deferred debts in bankruptcy and providing examples.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2c – Law of Contract

Identifying and explaining the elements of a valid contract.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2b – Law of Contract

Analyzing the breach of contract claim based on the sale of a car and revocation of an offer.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q2a – Law of Contract

Distinguishing between an offer and an invitation to treat.

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BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Agency Law

The question explores the principle of agency by estoppel, doctrine of binding precedent, vicarious liability, and definitions of intestacy and trust.

You're reporting an error for "BL – Nov 2011 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Agency Law"

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