Series: AUG 2022

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q8 – Controlling Risk

Explain the ISO 31000 risk management framework and the OECD principles relevant to Bazar's governance concerns.

Question

The Director of Finance and Operations, Mrs. Emma Owusu-Kwakye, is concerned about the lack of a “standardised risk management system” and “good corporate governance” at Bazar. Following Continuous Professional Development (CPD) training organised recently by the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG), on this subject and attended by you as a member of the Finance Team, duly paid for from Bazar’s training budget:

Required:
You have been asked by management to brief your finance team members on the following:

i) The International Standardisation for Organisation (ISO 31000) framework for risk management using the three (3) main elements. (5 marks)
ii) TWO (2) out of the Six OECD principles of Corporate Governance. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Governance, ISO 31000, OECD principles, Risk Management
Level: Level 3

Topic: Controlling Risk
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q7 – Ethics and Social Responsibility

Explanation of remuneration policies in Ghana’s Code of Best Practices and their implications for corporate governance at Bazar.

Question

Remuneration packages should attract individuals to a company and persuade them to work for the company. Ghana’s Code of Best Practices makes three statements about remuneration policy. The Code adds that the remuneration level for individual directors should reflect their experiences and the level of responsibilities they undertake.

Required:
i) Explain the three statements about remuneration as stated in the Ghana’s Code of Best Practices policy to support Bazar management engagement with the General Welfare Committee (GWC). (6 marks)

ii) Explain to the management of Bazar why executive remuneration is a governance issue. (4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Director Compensation, Executive Remuneration, Governance, Remuneration Policy
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethics and social responsibility
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q6 – Strategy Implementation

Application of Lewin's change model to propose a transformation plan for Bazar's management style from authoritarian to a more open style.

Question

The management style of Bazar is in transition from a somehow authoritarian style described by some managers as almost autocratic and militaristic to a more ‘open’ style that encourages managers and supervisors to seek ideas from staff and to operate in an informal manner.

Required:
Using Lewin’s Model for Managing Change, (unfreeze, change, re-freeze) suggest an approach to introducing planned transformational change in the management style of Bazar.

Answer

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Tags: Change Management, Lewin's Model, Re-freezing, Transformation, Unfreezing
Level: Level 3

Topic: Strategy implementation
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5 – Financial Management

Prepare Little Bee’s financial forecast and calculate its gearing ratios, explaining their significance to Bazar.

Question

Using the additional information presented by AB Consult & Associate to the Director of Finance and Operations, Mrs. Emma Owusu-Kwakye, on 4 August, prepare the following:

i) Little Bee new forecasted Statement of financial performance after the changes that will be discussed at the board meeting on the 5 August 2022. (4 marks)
ii) Calculate the operating gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage increase in profit before interest and tax divided by the percentage increase in sales. (2 marks)
iii) Calculate the financial gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage change in total earnings (or EPS) to the percentage increase in profit before interest and tax. (2 marks)
iv) Calculate the Combined gearing, measured as the ratio of the percentage change in total earnings (or EPS) to the percentage increase in sales. (2 marks)
v) Explain the significance of operating gearing and financial gearing to the management of Bazar. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business Valuation, Combined Gearing, Financial Forecast, Financial Gearing, Operating Gearing
Level: Level 3

Topic: Financial management
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Competitive Advantage

Explains the five primary activities of Porter's value chain and their relevance to Bazar's business processes.

Question

Within an entity, there is a primary value chain and there are support activities (also called secondary value chain). Porter identified five primary value chain activities which can be applied to a retailing company such as Bazar.

Required:
Using the concept of the value chain, explain using a diagram the FIVE (5) primary value chain as explained by Porter to the management of Bazar highlighting their relevance. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business operations, Porter, Retail Industry, Strategic Success, Value Chain
Level: Level 3

Topic: Competitive Advantage
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Conflicts of interest and ethical conflict resolution

Explains whistleblowing and what an employee should consider before whistleblowing in Bazar.

Question

“Whistleblowing” means reporting suspicions of illegal or improper behaviour to a person in authority.

Required:
In relation to the comments above, explain to the Director of Human Resources and Organisational Culture, Mrs. Raju Asha, the consequences of comments recorded by an employee. Additionally, advise the employee on what he/she should consider before deciding on “blowing the whistle” and the potential difficulties that the staff might encounter.

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Governance, Ethics, Reporting, Unethical Behavior, Whistleblowing
Level: Level 3

Topic: Conflicts of Interest and Ethical Conflict Resolution
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Strategy Implementation

A report detailing the advantages of acquisition and mergers as a growth strategy versus internal development for Bazar.

Question

In discussing the report presented by AB Consult & Associate, the Director of Finance and Operations made a strong point for acquisition and mergers as a growth strategy instead of internal development. She gave her full support to the decision to acquire the 20 stores.

Required:
Write a report detailing the advantages of an acquisition and mergers method of growth instead of an internal development. Conclude your report by explaining why the financial position and financial performance of Bazar will support or not support the decision to acquire the 20 stores.

Answer

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Tags: Acquisitions, Financial strategy, Growth Strategy, Internal Development, Mergers
Level: Level 3

Topic: Strategy implementation
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1b – Strategy implementation

Explanation of four organizational configurations identified by Mintzberg and their relevance in supporting change management at Bazar.

Question

Mintzberg identified six different organizational configurations. Explain to Bazar management FOUR (4) of these organizational configurations suitable to support the change management process highlighting the differences.

Answer

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Tags: Change Management, Mintzberg, Organizational Configurations
Level: Level 3

Topic: Strategy implementation
Series: AUG 2022

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1a – Strategy, stakeholders, and mission

Explanation and illustration of Mintzberg’s five organizational building blocks and their relevance to Bazar's organizational structure.

Question

The organisational structure of Bazar is ‘family centric management’ while not interested
in changing the structure any time soon. It is important to recognise that the most suitable
organisation structure depends partly on circumstances and partly on management
preference. An organisation structure can therefore be changed.
Required:
Using the Mintzberg’s five building blocks for organizational configurations, explain and illustrate with a diagram to the management of Bazar, why management needs to review its current organization structure in order to coordinate its business activities and work processes effectively.

Answer

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Tags: Business Processes, Mintzberg, Organizational Coordination, Organizational Structure, Strategic Apex
Level: Level 3

Topic: Strategy, stakeholders, and mission
Series: AUG 2022

AA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q5c – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Distinguishes between Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs in the audit report and explains communication requirements.

Question

ISA 706 (Revised): Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter(s) paragraphs in the Independent Auditor’s Report requires that an auditor’s report may include an “emphasis of matter” paragraph and/or an “other matter” paragraph.

Required:
Distinguish between Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs, showing clearly requirements of Audit Report and communication with those charged with governance.

Answer

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Tags: Audit report, Communication with Governance, Emphasis of Matter, ISA 706, Other Matter
Level: Level 2

Topic: Completion Procedures and Reporting
Series: AUG 2022

CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3a – Foreign currency

This question requires an explanation on how the functional currency of a subsidiary (Sunyani Ltd) should be determined according to IAS 21.

Question

Hamma Ltd is the parent company of a multinational listed group of companies. Hamma Ltd uses the dollar ($) as its functional currency. Hamma Ltd recently acquired 80% of the equity shares of Sunyani Ltd, a company located in the Bono Region of Ghana, on 1 January 2022. The group’s current financial year-end is 31 December 2022.

The head office of Sunyani Ltd is located in Sunyani, which uses the Ghana Cedi (GH¢) as its main currency. However, its staff are spread across various locations. Consequently, half of the staff are paid in GH¢, and the other half are paid in $. Sunyani Ltd has a high degree of autonomy and is not reliant on finance from Hamma Ltd, nor do sales to Hamma Ltd make up a significant proportion of their income. All of its sales and purchases are invoiced in GH¢, and therefore, Sunyani Ltd raises most of its finance in GH¢. Cash receipts are retained in GH¢. Sunyani Ltd does not operate a $ bank account. Sunyani Ltd is required by law to pay tax on its profits in GH¢.

Required:

In accordance with IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, explain to the directors of Hamma Ltd how the functional currency of Sunyani Ltd should be determined. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Currency Conversion, Foreign Exchange, Functional Currency
Level: Level 3

Topic: Foreign currency
Series: AUG 2022

CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – IFRS 5: Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations | IAS 38: Intangible assets

This question focuses on the accounting treatment of non-current assets held for sale, leasebacks, franchise costs, and intangible asset amortization.

Question

Unity Link Ltd (ULL) has enjoyed a significant market share in the southern part of Ghana over the years. However, ULL has suffered liquidity challenges due to the effects of the pandemic lockdown and its subsequent restrictions. ULL’s main source of income, dealings in luxury goods, has reduced significantly because customers have shifted their demand to necessities of life.

The following transactions were undertaken by ULL:

a) ULL has entered into a contract to sell one of their gold refinery equipment on 31 January 2023 and immediately lease it back. The Finance Director, in consultation with the Finance Manager, has decided to classify this transaction as a non-current asset “held for sale” in its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 as he rates this transaction as highly probable. The market value for the gold refinery equipment has not changed in many years and is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. The contract states that the gold refinery equipment should be disposed of at its fair value of GH¢6 million and for ULL to lease it back over a period of 10 years. It is estimated that GH¢400,000 is needed to refurbish the gold refinery equipment and there is no legal requirement to do so. ULL has in error treated this amount as a reduction of the asset’s carrying amount at 31 December 2022, and the corresponding debit has been made to profit or loss. The gold refinery equipment is depreciated at 5% per annum using the reducing balance method, and at 31 December 2022, the carrying amount after depreciation and deduction of the proposed cost of refurbishment is GH¢3.6 million. (7 marks)

b) ULL has established a chain of business franchise. This franchise was obtained from a foreign company. In this arrangement, dealers in luxury items, especially refined gold, obtain a franchise under a brand name “Lockhert” from ULL to sell its own refined gold. The budgeted costs of obtaining a franchise from a foreign company are based on the estimated revenues from the franchise given out to local companies. These costs of obtaining a franchise are then capitalised as an intangible asset and called “Franchise cost.” The Finance Director is convinced that the franchise is consumed as Franchisees produce their own refined gold. ULL currently amortises the franchise based on estimated future revenues from the franchise. For example, the franchise is estimated to generate GH¢1.6 million of revenue in total, and GH¢800,000 of that revenue will be generated in year one. The intangible asset will be amortised by 50% in year one. However, industry practice is to amortise the capitalised cost less its recoverable amount over its remaining useful life. (6 marks)

c) ULL’s franchise registration fee, which is separate from the franchise fee, is treated as an intangible asset and is initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration paid for the registration. Subsequent franchise fees, which are paid yearly, are subject to negotiation. The franchise contract has embedded contingent performance conditions where a franchisee may be paid a bonus based on an increase in sales. This bonus is an additional contract cost. ULL has reasoned that the only way to determine the value-in-use of the cost of the franchise is when a new customer takes over from an existing one who is prepared to sell his franchise. This treatment is what prevails in the industry. (7 marks)

Required:

In accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, discuss the appropriate accounting treatment of the above transactions in the financial statements of ULL.

Answer

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Tags: Franchise, Impairment, Intangible Assets, Leaseback, Non-current Assets
Level: Level 3

Topic: IAS 38: Intangible assets, IFRS 5: Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Series: AUG 2022

CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

This question requires the preparation of a consolidated statement of financial position for Labone Group, considering investments in subsidiaries and intercompany transactions.

Question

Below are the summarised statements of financial position of three entities: Labone Ltd (Labone), Nungua Ltd (Nungua), and Teshie Ltd (Teshie) as at 31 December 2021.

Statements of financial position as at 31 December 2021	Labone	Nungua	Teshie
Assets	GH¢million	GH¢million	GH¢million
Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment	1,150	800	400
Investment in Nungua	560	–	–
Investment in Teshie	60	–	–
Other investment	140	–	–
Total non-current assets	1,910	800	400
Current assets	490	200	100
Total assets	2,400	1,000	500
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Equity shares of GH¢1 each	400	320	200
Retained earnings	1,225	440	200
Other reserves	95	–	–
Total equity	1,720	760	400
Non-current liabilities	300	80	40
Current liabilities	380	160	60
Total equity and liabilities	2,400	1,000	500

Additional information:

i) On 1 January 2018, Labone acquired 80% of the equity share capital of Nungua for cash consideration of GH¢560 million. At the same date, Labone acquired 70% of the equity share capital of Teshie for cash consideration. Labone has correctly recorded both transactions. At this time, the balances on the retained earnings, the fair values of non-controlling interests, and fair values of the identifiable net assets of Nungua and Teshie were as follows:

	Nungua	Teshie
Retained earnings	GH¢300 million	GH¢120 million
Fair value of non-controlling interests	GH¢140 million	GH¢80 million
Fair value of net assets	GH¢640 million	GH¢310 million

Any difference between the acquisition date fair value and book value of the identifiable net assets of both investees was due to land. Fair value adjustments should be deemed as temporary differences which are subject to tax of 20%. The fair values of identifiable net assets above are not yet adjusted for tax. Shortly after acquisition, Teshie incorporated the fair values (together with any tax effects) into its separate financial statements, but Nungua had not yet incorporated the fair values into its separate financial statements.

ii) On 1 October 2021, Labone disposed of 40% out of the 70% equity shares of Teshie for GH¢220 million. Labone credited the proceeds received to its “Investment in Teshie” and debited “Cash.” At this time, it was determined that the fair value of the remaining interest was GH¢180 million. Following the sale, Labone could only exert significant influence over Teshie.

iii) During the financial year, Labone transferred goods worth GH¢5 million every month to Teshie. By 31 December 2021, Teshie had not sold the last two months’ deliveries and had included them in its year-end inventory. Labone charges three-seventh (3/7) mark-up on all sales.

iv) Labone’s receivable balance includes GH¢12 million owed by Teshie in respect of the last three months’ sales. This balance agreed with the corresponding payables in Teshie’s financial statements.

v) In its separate financial statements, Labone has accounted for its investments in both Nungua and Teshie at cost. It is the policy of Labone group to measure goodwill in full and to record non-controlling interests at fair value at acquisition. Neither goodwill of Nungua nor that of Teshie has suffered any impairment since acquisition.

vi) Labone has two internal business segments: Construction Division and Merchandise Division. On 1 July 2021, the Construction Division entered into a 1-year fixed price contract to construct an ultra-modern office complex at a contract sum of GH¢60 million for a district government agency located in the Eastern zone of Ghana. Total estimated costs at the time the contract was concluded were GH¢52 million. Actual costs incurred up to 31 December 2021 amounted to GH¢32 million. At 31 December 2021, the Directors of Labone revised its total construction costs on the project to GH¢64 million. No progress payments have been received from the agency. The only entries made have been to include the costs incurred in Labone’s inventory. Labone measures progress to completion on the basis of cost.

vii) During the current year, Nungua and Teshie reported profits after tax of GH¢48 million and GH¢40 million respectively. Unless otherwise stated, it may be assumed that profits accrued evenly over the year and that no dividends were paid during the year.

(Note: Deferred tax adjustment should be ignored, unless otherwise indicated.)

Required:

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of the Labone Group as at 31 December 2021.

Answer

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Tags: Acquisition, Consolidation, Financial Position, Group Accounting, Investments, Non-Controlling Interest
Level: Level 3

Topic: Consolidated Financial Statements
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5b – Tax Planning

Advise Wina Ltd on the tax implications of acquiring shares and providing a financial facility to Fatia Ltd in Ghana.

Question

Wina Ltd (Wina) is a company incorporated in the United States of America and also resident
in the United States of America. The Company has been looking for opportunities across Africa
to invest its idle funds in support of shareholders’ decision.
In the latter part of 2021, the management of Wina identified Ghana as a country with huge
potentials for foreign investments. Wina intends to acquire 60% shares in Fatia Ltd (Fatia), a
company resident in Ghana with indigenous ownership but with unimpressive financial
records.When the deal is approved, it would provide a financial facility, the equivalent of
GH¢10,000,000 as a loan with interest at the rate of 22.5% comparable to all other interest
rates.
The equity of Fatia amounts to GH¢500,000 comprising Stated Capital of GH¢250,000,
Retained Earnings of GH¢200,000 and Revaluation Reserves of GH¢50,000.
Required:
Using the format of a memo:
Advise the management of Wina as a final level candidate on the tax implications of this
investment and the credit support that Wina can give without any restriction from the Ghana
Revenue Authority.

Answer

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Tags: Debt-equity ratio, Tax Credit, Thin Capitalization, Withholding Tax
Level: Level 3

Topic: Tax planning
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5a – Petroleum operations

Compute the tax payable by Alpha Ltd for the 2020 year of assessment in the upstream petroleum sector.

Question

a) Alpha Ltd is a company operating in the upstream petroleum sector and commenced
production in 2020. The Accountant who is new to the industry provided the following extract
for the 2020 year of assessment with basis period 1 January to 31 December, 2020.

Additional information:
i) Production in barrels is 120,000,000.
ii) Finance Lease:
Principal Repayment is GH¢15,000,000.
Finance cost is GH¢1,200,000.
Lease is over 6 years starting from 1/1/2020.

Required:
Compute the tax payable for Alpha Ltd for 2020 year of assessment. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Tax, Petroleum Operations, Tax computation, Upstream Sector
Level: Level 3

Topic: Petroleum operations
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Capital Allowance

Calculation of capital allowances, provisional tax, chargeable income, company tax, and additional tax liability for Zimbo Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2021.

Question

Zimbo Ltd (Zimbo) specialises in the manufacture of personal hygiene soaps and related
products at their factory in the industrial area of Accra. Zimbo commenced business operations
on 1 April 2020 and had an assessed loss of GH¢112,000 for the period ended 31 December
2020 attributable to large start-up costs in the first period of trading.
Turnover for the year ended 31 December 2021 amounted to GH¢1,980,000 of which
GH¢700,000 relates to export sales. Zimbo is trying to increase its turnover from export sales
through participation in foreign market trade fairs as well as other marketing campaigns. The
gross profit margin for the year ended 31 December 2021 was 60%.
Zimbo recorded a net profit of GH¢315,000 for the year ended 31 December 2021 after taking
into account the following transactions:

Additional information:
i) The gross rental income earned was from leasing one wing of the head office building. The
wing constitutes 10% of the entire building.
ii) The registration of three trademarks, ‘Cleanex’, ‘Perfect’ and ‘Alfresh’ at a total cost of
GH¢30,000 in respect of Zimbo’s personal hygiene soaps that is to last for fifteen years. The
market research expenses incurred in connection with the development of these soaps
amounted to GH¢65,000.
iii) The donation was made to a local government assisted school as part of Zimbo’s corporate
social responsibility programme.
iv) GH¢25,000 of the marketing cost was incurred when the export market Development Manager
attended two trade conventions and one trade mission as part of Zimbo’s efforts to increase its
export sales. The trade mission was duly approved. The remaining GH¢63,000 of costs were
incurred in marketing Zimbo’s soaps to foreign markets.
v) GH¢28,000 of the general costs was incurred in underpinning the office building to strengthen
its foundations against sinking.
vi) The compensation cost was as a result of the production manager incurring an injury while
working on one of the production lines in the factory. The Production Manager was rendered
incapacitated as a result of the incident. Zimbo settled out of court. GH¢250 000 of the costs
relate to a payment made to the Production Manager in full settlement of the case. GH¢50,000
of the GH¢250,000 out-of-court settlement was paid in order to prevent the Production
Manager from setting up a similar business in competition with Zimbo. The remaining
GH¢40,000 of costs represent fines imposed by the Factory Inspectorate Division following
the incident. The production line was also condemned as a result.
vii)The interest paid was incurred in respect of Zimbo’s GH¢200,000 overdraft facility.
GH¢100,000 of the facility was applied towards recurrent expenditure while the other
GH¢100,000 of the facility was applied towards the cost of a new showroom.
viii) Ghana Revenue Authority considers 40% of other expenses to be prohibited for tax purposes.
ix) Zimbo’s projected taxable income for the year ended 31 December 2021 was GH¢360,000.
The Accountant remitted the provisional tax for the three quarterly payment dates (QPDs) on
time but, due to the pressures of year-end work, forgot to submit the return for the final QPD.
The Accountant also omitted the brought forward assessed loss from his computations of the
provisional tax.
x) During the year, a showroom was constructed in close proximity to Zimbo’s factory building.
The showroom is used to display the soaps from the factory as well as for storage purposes
pending shipment to various destinations. The showroom was constructed at a total cost of
GH¢100,000 and was wholly funded by Zimbo’s overdraft facility. The showroom was
brought into use on 1 August 2021. Zimbo has made all tax appropriate elections in connection
with the showroom.
xi) Details of Zimbo’s other fixed assets are provided below. These were all acquired/constructed
during the year to 31 December 2020:

Required:
a) Calculate the capital allowances claimable by Zimbo for the year ended 31 December 2021,
assuming all favourable elections are made. (6 marks)
b) Calculate the provisional tax which should have been paid by Zimbo for the year ended 31
December 2021, clearly indicating the due dates and the respective tax amounts. (3 marks)
c) Calculate the chargeable income and company tax payable by Zimbo for the year ended 31
December 2021. (10 marks)
Note: Your calculations should assume that the provisional tax paid was as calculated in
part b) of the question.
d) Compute any other tax liability apart from the company tax. (1 mark)
(Total: 20 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business income, Capital Allowance, chargeable income, Provisional Tax, Rental Tax
Level: Level 3

Topic: Capital allowance
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Tax planning | International taxation

Provide a briefing paper on tax planning options available for an individual and their companies.

Question

John Zookay is a Ghanaian Citizen who has lived in the Republic of Liberia for many years.
He is also a citizen of Liberia. He is an employee of a Multinational Company that has a
subsidiary company in Ghana and Liberia. He works for the Ghanaian subsidiary company,
but his role makes him work for the other subsidiary in Liberia as well. John has chosen Ghana
as a place of his permanent home even though his immediate family is based in the Republic
of Liberia and he visits Ghana anytime during the year.
In 2018, John spent more than 184 days outside Ghana working for the Liberia office. In
addition to his employment income in Ghana, he earned some income from a high yielding
fixed deposit accounts maintained with Bank of Africa, Ghana. His gross interest income for
the year 2018 was GH¢10,000 from Bank of Africa. A few years back, whilst studying in the
United Kingdom, he maintained some high yielding interest bearing account from which he
earned £3,500 in 2018. John does not know how the current income tax law “Income Tax Act,
2015 (Act 896)” will affect his incomes earned from Ghana and elsewhere in the United
Kingdom and is worried that he would be liable to tax on all his incomes in Ghana. He is keen
on getting tax planning advice from you to enable him reduce his tax liability (if any).
John also had serious business interests in Ghana. In view of this interests, he set up two
companies limited by shares in Ghana in which he implemented his business ideas. The
following are the objects of his two companies:
1) farming and production of palm fruits on commercial scale; and
2) processing of palm fruits into oil for both the local and international market

John together with his management team strategically decided that each of the companies
maintains equity in each other in order to avoid difficulties with sourcing for external funding
thus using income from dividends within his companies effectively. John intends that at some
point, he will merge the two companies into one to avoid all the legal compliance obligations
and duplication of cost associated with running separate companies. All the two companies are
instalment taxpayers and are required to file their self-assessment estimate at their various tax
offices.
John desperately needs your assistance to enable him structure his personal and business
interest so as to minimise his tax liability.
Required:
a) Prepare a briefing paper to John on the tax implications on him and his companies. (10 marks)
b) Advise him on the compliance obligations of his companies under self-assessment. (10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Tax, International tax, Personal tax, Resident status, Tax Planning
Level: Level 3

Topic: International taxation, Tax planning
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2b – Tax administration in Ghana

Explain unrelieved losses under the Income Tax Act and its implications for Dekey Company.

Question

Dekey Company Ltd was incorporated under the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992) on 1 January 2021 to prospect for diamonds in the Densu River in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

A review of its Comprehensive Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 showed a loss of GH¢29,304,000 for the 2021 year of assessment.

An extract of the Comprehensive Income Statement is as follows:

Description	GH¢
Income from Operations	864,000
Operational Cost	17,920,000
Administration and General Expenses	11,160,000
Finance Charges	1,088,000
Net Loss	(29,304,000)

The CEO of Dekey Company Ltd remembered a discussion on “Unrelieved Losses” during a training workshop. The CEO has approached you, a final year tax candidate, to explain and advise him on the implications of the loss on future tax liabilities of the company.

Required:
Write a report explaining to the CEO what “Unrelieved Losses” are and the rights available to the company for the loss declared at the end of its first year of operations under the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896).

Answer

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Tags: Income Tax Act, Loss carryforward, Mineral Operations, Unrelieved losses
Level: Level 3

Topic: Tax administration in Ghana
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2a – International taxation

Discuss whether bilateral double taxation conventions are essential for resolving international tax problems.

Question

Despite the growing number of contributions to bilateral double taxation, some tax analysts have questioned whether bilateral double taxation conventions relating to the taxation of income and capital are essential for the resolution of international tax problems.

Required:
Discuss the above statement.
(10 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Bilateral agreements, Double Taxation, International tax, Tax treaties
Level: Level 3

Topic: International taxation
Series: AUG 2022

AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1c – Tax administration in Ghana

Circumstances under which the Commissioner-General can re-characterise transactions to protect revenue.

Question

In tax administration, the Commissioner-General has the mandate to protect revenue collected and collectible. As part of ensuring the protection of revenue, the Commissioner-General has the mandate to re-characterise or disregard any transaction that has the effect of eroding tax gains.

Required:
In accordance with the tax provision, under what circumstances will the Commissioner-General re-characterise any transaction?
(4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Commissioner-General, Re-characterisation, Revenue protection, Tax avoidance
Level: Level 3

Topic: Tax administration in Ghana
Series: AUG 2022

Series: AUG 2022

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q8 – Controlling Risk

Explain the ISO 31000 risk management framework and the OECD principles relevant to Bazar's governance concerns.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q7 – Ethics and Social Responsibility

Explanation of remuneration policies in Ghana’s Code of Best Practices and their implications for corporate governance at Bazar.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q6 – Strategy Implementation

Application of Lewin's change model to propose a transformation plan for Bazar's management style from authoritarian to a more open style.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5 – Financial Management

Prepare Little Bee’s financial forecast and calculate its gearing ratios, explaining their significance to Bazar.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Competitive Advantage

Explains the five primary activities of Porter's value chain and their relevance to Bazar's business processes.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Conflicts of interest and ethical conflict resolution

Explains whistleblowing and what an employee should consider before whistleblowing in Bazar.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – Strategy Implementation

A report detailing the advantages of acquisition and mergers as a growth strategy versus internal development for Bazar.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1b – Strategy implementation

Explanation of four organizational configurations identified by Mintzberg and their relevance in supporting change management at Bazar.

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SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1a – Strategy, stakeholders, and mission

Explanation and illustration of Mintzberg’s five organizational building blocks and their relevance to Bazar's organizational structure.

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AA – Aug 2022 – L2 – Q5c – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Distinguishes between Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs in the audit report and explains communication requirements.

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CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3a – Foreign currency

This question requires an explanation on how the functional currency of a subsidiary (Sunyani Ltd) should be determined according to IAS 21.

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CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2 – IFRS 5: Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations | IAS 38: Intangible assets

This question focuses on the accounting treatment of non-current assets held for sale, leasebacks, franchise costs, and intangible asset amortization.

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CR – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

This question requires the preparation of a consolidated statement of financial position for Labone Group, considering investments in subsidiaries and intercompany transactions.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5b – Tax Planning

Advise Wina Ltd on the tax implications of acquiring shares and providing a financial facility to Fatia Ltd in Ghana.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q5a – Petroleum operations

Compute the tax payable by Alpha Ltd for the 2020 year of assessment in the upstream petroleum sector.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q4 – Capital Allowance

Calculation of capital allowances, provisional tax, chargeable income, company tax, and additional tax liability for Zimbo Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2021.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Tax planning | International taxation

Provide a briefing paper on tax planning options available for an individual and their companies.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2b – Tax administration in Ghana

Explain unrelieved losses under the Income Tax Act and its implications for Dekey Company.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q2a – International taxation

Discuss whether bilateral double taxation conventions are essential for resolving international tax problems.

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AT – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q1c – Tax administration in Ghana

Circumstances under which the Commissioner-General can re-characterise transactions to protect revenue.

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