Question Tag: Subsidiary

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare consolidated financial position of Makoko Group for the year ended Dec 31, 2021, and discuss accounting implications of significant influence.

Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited is a global merchant of cash crops. A policy of strategic acquisitions over the years has placed the company in a position to source for export products competitively. The lockdown arising from the recent pandemic posed a significant challenge for the export of their products throughout the year 2020. At a board meeting to review the performance of the company for that year and discuss the impact of the pandemic, the Managing Director noted the significant drop in the general performance indices. In order to get a greater market presence and higher demand locally, the board decided to acquire the following investments on January 1, 2021:

  • 60% of the equity share of Ojodu Limited;
  • 50% of 10% loan notes of Ojodu Ltd at par;
  • 40% stake in the ordinary shares of Egbeda Confectioneries Limited.

In the opinion of the board, both Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectioneries Limited are the biggest local customers of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited and a control through shareholding would give the investing company greater stake in the operational decisions of the investee companies. Importantly, it would also boost revenue by allowing unrestricted access to local markets. It is believed that this will forestall any adverse impact of further lockdowns that may hinder export sales in the future.

The draft financial statements of the companies for the year are as follows:

Statements of financial position as at December 31, 2021

Additional Information:

  1. Makoko Limited paid N90 million for the acquisition of Ojodu Limited when the retained earnings of Ojodu Limited were N13 million.
  2. The fair value of Ojodu’s freehold property was N6.5 million higher than the carrying amount as at the date of acquisition. This valuation has not been reflected in the books of Ojodu Limited.
  3. Makoko Limited paid N41 million for the shareholding in Egbeda Limited when the retained earnings of Egbeda Limited were N12 million.
  4. An impairment test as at December 31, 2021 showed that goodwill was impaired by N3.5 million and the investment in Egbeda Limited was impaired by N0.8 million.
  5. During the year, Makoko Limited sold products to Egbeda Limited at a price of N8 million. These goods had cost Makoko Limited N5 million. Half of the goods were still in the inventory of Egbeda Limited as at December 31, 2021.
  6. The companies issued share capital has not changed since the date of acquisition.
  7. No dividends were paid during the year.
  8. Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are to be measured at the appropriate proportion of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

Required: a. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Makoko Group for the year ended December 31, 2021. (20 Marks)

b. The Directors of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited are concerned about getting significant influence, if not absolute control, of all entities they intend to buy into. The five-year strategic plan of the company (2020 – 2024) focuses on having control of the cash crops segment of the agribusiness sector of the economy. This is in order to make them ready to roll out the next developmental phase of the business, which is to migrate from exporting raw products to finished products for industrial and household use.

Towards this goal, the board requires the Group Accountant to make a presentation on the accounting implications of gaining significant influence in another entity.

Required: Discuss the issues involved in the requirements of the Board as specified above. (5 Marks)

c. A friend to the Chief Accountant of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited, who is a consultant to Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectionaries Limited, is requesting for information on the new acquisitions from his friend, the Chief Accountant.

Required: Identify the ethical issues involved in the above scenarios and their implications. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Financial Planning and Forecasting

Prepare forecast financials for Lekki Plc and suggest divestment options for a poorly performing subsidiary.

Despite the global recession, demand for the company’s products has recently increased and is expected to grow over the next two years.

As part of a recent strategic review, the directors made the following projections for the years ending March 31, 2018, and March 31, 2019:

  1. An anticipated annual revenue increase of 8% for each year.
  2. Operating costs (excluding depreciation) expected to rise by 4% per year.
  3. Tax rate to remain at 21%, payable in the year liability arises.
  4. The trade receivables/revenue and trade payables/operating costs ratios will stay the same.
  5. Inventory levels to increase by 10% in the year ending March 31, 2018, and then remain stable.
  6. Non-current assets, including Lekki Plc.’s headquarters and factory, are not depreciated, and capital allowances are negligible.
  7. Dividend growth rate to remain at 6% annually, with dividends declared at the year-end and paid the following year.
  8. Purchase of new machinery at N8 million, financed through existing overdraft facilities. Machinery to be depreciated straight-line over 8 years with a N1 million residual value; capital allowances will apply at 18% reducing balance.
  9. Finance costs are projected to increase by 50% in the year ending March 31, 2018, and remain stable thereafter.

Financial Statement Extracts (March 31, 2017):

  • Income Statement:
    • Revenue: N60,240,000
    • Operating Costs: N49,500,000
    • Operating Profit: N10,740,000
    • Finance Costs: N800,000
    • Profit before Tax: N9,940,000
    • Tax: N2,286,000
    • Profit after Tax: N7,654,000
  • Statement of Financial Position:
    • Assets:
      • Non-current Assets: N28,850,000
      • Current Assets:
        • Inventories: N9,020,000
        • Trade Receivables: N9,036,000
        • Cash and Equivalents: N396,000
    • Equity and Liabilities:
      • Ordinary Share Capital: N16,700,000
      • Retained Earnings: N12,482,000
      • Non-current Liabilities: N8,000,000 (6% Debentures)
      • Current Liabilities: N10,120,000 (Trade Payables, Dividends)

Assume today is April 1, 2017.

a. Prepare a Forecast Financial Statement (Income Statement, Statement of Financial Position, and Cash Flow Statement) for each of the years ending March 31, 2018, and March 31, 2019.
(24 Marks)

Note: All calculations should be rounded up to the nearest N’000.

b. Beyond March 31, 2019, the directors are considering the disposal of a smaller subsidiary due to poor performance. The Finance Director suggests avoiding liquidation to minimize industrial relations issues.

Required: Discuss three non-liquidation methods to divest the subsidiary.
(6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Okechukwu Group for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of Okechukwu and its subsidiary, Ogenta Limited, for the year ended December 31, 2019, are presented below:

Item Okechukwu Plc (N’000) Ogenta Ltd (N’000)
Revenue 487,500 330,800
Cost of sales (304,500) (258,300)
Gross profit 183,000 72,500
Investment income 26,300 10,200
Distribution cost (24,050) (13,370)
Administrative expenses (40,625) (21,120)
Finance costs (10,500) (9,860)
Profit before tax 134,125 38,350
Income tax expense (33,800) (13,000)
Profit for the year 100,325 25,350
Other comprehensive income 23,880 10,440
Total comprehensive income 124,205 35,790

Additional information:

  1. Okechukwu Plc acquired 300 million of the ordinary shares issued by Ogenta Limited for N428 million.
  2. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Okechukwu Plc invoiced goods worth N80 million to Ogenta Limited. It is the policy of Okechukwu Plc to invoice goods at cost plus 33⅓%. Three-quarters of these goods are yet to be sold by Ogenta Limited at the year-end.
  3. Extracts from the books of Ogenta Limited at the date of acquisition reveal the following capital structure:
    • Issued ordinary shares of 50 kobo each: N200 million
    • General reserves: N80 million
    • Retained earnings: N52.5 million
  4. The fair value of the non-controlling interests at the acquisition date amounted to N92.5 million.
  5. An impairment test on the goodwill of Ogenta Limited conducted on December 31, 2019, indicated that the goodwill should be written down by N3.2 million.
  6. On the acquisition date, the fair value of net assets of Ogenta Limited was equal to their carrying amount, except for land and building and office equipment, which had fair values of N5 million and N1.5 million, respectively, in excess of their carrying amounts. The group non-current assets are depreciated at the rate of 10% per annum on a straight-line basis and charged to administrative expenses.
  7. Ogenta Limited paid a total of N20 million as dividends to all its shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019. Okechukwu Plc has accounted for the dividend received.
  8. The finance cost of Ogenta Limited includes N2 million paid to Okechukwu Plc as interest on a loan. Okechukwu Plc has recognized the amount as interest received.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Okechukwu Group for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

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  • 5 Marks

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4b – Control Assessment of Tema Ltd

Discuss the control of Accra Ltd over Tema Ltd in accordance with IFRS 10.

Accra Ltd, a government business entity, acquires 40% of the voting rights of Tema Ltd. The remaining investors each hold 5% of the voting rights of Tema Ltd. A shareholder agreement grants Accra Ltd the right to appoint, remove and set the remuneration of management responsible for key business decisions of Tema Ltd. To change this agreement, a two-thirds majority vote of the shareholders is required.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements, discuss whether Accra Ltd controls Tema Ltd. (5 marks)

 

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Adanna Plc and its subsidiary Ebuka Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Adanna Plc has a subsidiary, Ebuka Limited. The statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the companies is as follows:

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2017

Adanna Plc (N’000) Ebuka Limited (N’000)
Revenue 986,546 614,206
Cost of Sales (593,204) (365,903)
Gross Profit 393,342 248,303
Other Income 57,850 12,420
Distribution Costs (69,496) (40,562)
Administrative Expenses (158,624) (95,036)
Other Expenses (32,108) (15,814)
Finance Costs (20,600) (10,220)
Profit Before Tax 170,364 99,091
Income Tax Expense (51,110) (26,727)
Profit for the Year 119,254 72,364
Other Comprehensive Income:
Gain on Revaluation 68,166 29,202
Total Comprehensive Income 187,420 101,566

Additional Information:

  1. Adanna Plc acquired 75% of the issued equity shares of Ebuka Limited three years ago. Goodwill on acquisition was N280 million. The recoverable amount of goodwill at the year-end was N268 million, marking the first time the recoverable amount had fallen below the initial recognition.
  2. During the year, Ebuka Limited invoiced goods worth N300 million to Adanna Plc. A quarter of these goods were included in Adanna Plc’s inventory at the year-end. Ebuka Limited invoices goods at cost plus 25%.
  3. Ebuka Limited’s distribution costs include depreciation of an asset subject to a fair value increase of N155 million on acquisition. The asset is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over ten years.
  4. Adanna Plc’s other income includes an intercompany management charge of N10 million to Ebuka Limited, which was recognized as administrative expenses by Ebuka Limited.

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for Adanna Plc Group for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Calculate the goodwill on acquisition of Danke Plc by Monko Plc as per the given financial information.

Below are the financial statements of Monko Plc and its investee company, Danke Plc for
the year ended 30 September 2023:
Statements of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 30
September 2023



Additional information:
i) On 1 April 2023, Monko Plc acquired 75% of the equity shares of Danke Plc. Danke Plc had been experiencing difficult trading conditions and making significant losses. Taking into consideration Danke Plc’s difficulties, Monko Plc made an immediate cash payment of only GH¢1.50 per share. In addition, Monko Plc will pay a further amount in cash on 30 September 2024 if Danke Plc returns to profitability by that date. The value of this contingent consideration at the date of acquisition was estimated to be GH¢1,800,000 but in the light of continuing losses, it value was
estimated at only GH¢1,500,000 as at 30 September 2023. The contingent consideration has not been recorded by Monko Plc. At the date of acquisition, shares in Danke Plc had a listed market price of GH¢1.20 each.
ii) On 1 April 2023, the fair values of Danke Plc’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of a leased property. This had a fair value of GH¢2,000,000 above its
carrying amount and a remaining lease term of 10 years at that date. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
iii) Monko Plc transferred raw materials at their cost of GH¢4,000,000 to Danke Plc in June 2023. Danke Plc processed all of these materials incurring additional direct costs of GH¢1,400,000 and sold them back to Monko Plc in August 2023 for GH¢9,000,000. At 30 September 2023, Monko Plc had GH¢1,500,000 of these goods still in inventory.
iv) Monko Plc has recorded its investment in Danke Plc at the cost of the immediate cash payment. Other equity investments (included in the financial assets-equity investments) are carried at fair value through profit or loss as at 1 October 2022. The other equity investments have fallen in value by GH¢200,000 during the year ended 30 September 2023.
v) Monko Plc’s policy is to value the non-controlling interest at fair value at the date of
acquisition. Danke Plc’s share price at that date can be deemed to be representative of the
fair value of the shares held by the non-controlling interest.
vi) All items in the above statements of profit or loss are deemed to accrue evenly over the year unless otherwise indicated.
Required:
a) Compute the Goodwill on acquisition of Danke Plc. (4 marks)
b) Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income for
Monko Plc Group for the year ended 30 September 2023. (16 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Sankofa Group considering investments, goodwill, and intra-group transactions.

The following statement of financial position relates to Sankofa and Kaakyire as at 31 October 2020.

Statement of Financial Position Sankofa (GH¢’000) Kaakyire (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets
Property, Plant and Equipment 37,000 30,000
Investment Property 5,000 –
Investments 24,000 –
Total Non-current assets 66,000 30,000
Current assets
Inventory 9,000 8,000
Other current assets 21,000 14,000
Total Current assets 30,000 22,000
Total assets 96,000 52,000
Equity and liabilities
Ordinary shares (issued @ GH¢2.50) 20,000 8,000
Retained earnings 26,000 16,000
Total Equity 46,000 24,000
Non-current liabilities
10% debentures 11,900 12,000
Current liabilities
Payables 38,100 16,000
Total Equity and liabilities 96,000 52,000

Additional information:
i) On 1 November 2018, Sankofa purchased 2.4 million of the ordinary shares of Kaakyire when Kaakyire’s retained earnings balance stood at GH¢11 million. There have been no movements in share capital since the acquisition. As part of the consideration given for the shares acquired, the shareholders of Kaakyire accepted 1 million shares worth GH¢7 million in Sankofa at acquisition. The remaining consideration was agreed to be paid on 31 October 2020 for GH¢12.1 million. The present values of GH¢1 receivable based on 10% (considered to be an appropriate discount rate for Sankofa) are as follows:

Present Value of GH¢1 receivable
In one year’s time:
In two years’ time:

Entries have been correctly passed for the effects of all of the above, including any unwound discounts, except for the final payment made on 31 October 2020.

ii) At acquisition, the fair values of Kaakyire’s assets, liabilities, and contingencies were equal to their carrying amounts, with the exception of the following assets:

Carrying amount (GH¢’000) Fair value (GH¢’000)
Trade receivables 1,250
Inventory 1,500
Properties 14,000

The properties had a remaining useful life of 10 years. No items of property were sold during the two years to 31 October 2020. The inventory and the receivable were realised during the post-acquisition period.

iii) On 1 November 2019, Kaakyire sold an item of plant to Sankofa for GH¢5 million. Kaakyire originally bought the plant from Gyidie for GH¢6 million, and Kaakyire had provided accumulated depreciation of GH¢2.2 million up to the date of sale. Kaakyire considered the plant to have a remaining useful life of 5 years at the date of transfer.

iv) The Investment Property in the books of Sankofa represents an office facility that was completed on 1 November 2018 at the cost of GH¢3.5 million. The useful economic life of the facility was estimated at 20 years. Immediately after the acquisition of Kaakyire, Sankofa began to rent this property out to Kaakyire under a lease agreement. Sankofa Group values its investment properties using the fair value model under IAS 40 Investment Properties and its owner-occupied properties using the cost model under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment.

v) On 1 November 2019, Sankofa acquired 30% of the ordinary shares of Kaboom at the cost of GH¢6 million. During the year ended 31 October 2020, Kaboom reported a profit after tax of GH¢2 million. No dividends were paid or declared by Kaboom during the period. At year-end, Kaboom’s inventory included GH¢1.2 million worth of goods bought from Sankofa during the year to October 2020. Sankofa charges a 25% margin on all sales.

On 31 October 2019, Goodwill acquired in Kaakyire was attributed with an impairment loss of GH¢0.5 million. The group’s policy is to measure non-controlling interest at the proportion of the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets.

Required:
Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for the Sankofa Group as at 31 October 2020.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for Tamale Ltd for the year ended 30 September 2017 after acquisition of Navrongo Ltd.

On 1 April 2017, Tamale Ltd acquired 60% of the 4 million ordinary shares of Navrongo Ltd in a share exchange of two shares in Tamale Ltd for three shares in Navrongo Ltd. The issue of shares has not yet been recorded by Tamale Ltd. At the date of acquisition, shares in Tamale Ltd had a market value of GH¢6 each. Below are the summarised draft financial statements of both companies.

Statements of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 September 2017

Tamale Ltd (GH¢’000) Navrongo Ltd (GH¢’000)
Revenue 85,000 42,000
Cost of Sales (63,000) (32,000)
Gross Profit 22,000 10,000
Distribution Cost (2,000) (2,000)
Administrative Expenses (6,000) (3,200)
Finance Cost (300) (400)
Profit Before Tax 13,700 4,400
Income Tax Expense (4,700) (1,400)
Profit for the Year 9,000 3,000

Statements of Financial Position as at 30 September 2017

Tamale Ltd (GH¢’000) Navrongo Ltd (GH¢’000)
Assets
Non-Current Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment 40,600 12,600
Current Assets 16,000 6,600
Total Assets 56,600 19,200
Equity and Liabilities
Ordinary Shares 10,000 4,000
Retained Earnings 35,400 6,500
Equity 45,400 10,500
Non-Current Liabilities
10% Loan Notes 3,000 4,000
Current Liabilities 8,200 4,700
Total Equity and Liabilities 56,600 19,200

The following information is relevant:

i) At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Navrongo Ltd’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of an item of plant, which had a fair value of GH¢2 million in excess of its carrying amount. It had a remaining life of five years at that date (straight-line depreciation is used). Navrongo Ltd has not adjusted the carrying amount of its plant as a result of the fair value exercise.

ii) Sales from Navrongo Ltd to Tamale Ltd in the post-acquisition period were GH¢8 million. Navrongo Ltd made a markup on cost of 40% on these sales. Tamale Ltd had sold GH¢5.2 million (at cost) as at 30 September 2017.

iii) Other than where indicated, profit or loss items are deemed to accrue evenly on a time basis.

iv) Navrongo Ltd’s trade receivables at 30 September 2017 include GH¢600,000 due from Tamale Ltd which did not agree with Tamale Ltd’s corresponding trade payable. This was due to cash in transit of GH¢200,000 from Tamale Ltd to Navrongo Ltd. Both companies have positive bank balances.

v) Tamale Ltd has a policy of accounting for any non-controlling interest at fair value. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Navrongo Ltd at the date of acquisition was estimated to be GH¢5.9 million. Consolidated goodwill was not impaired at 30 September 2017.

Required:
a) Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for Tamale Ltd for the year ended 30 September 2017.

(8 marks)

b) Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Tamale Ltd as at 30 September 2017.

(12 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

PT – July 2023 – L2 – Q4b – Corporate Tax Liabilities

Advice on the tax implications of setting up as a subsidiary vs permanent establishment, finance leasing, and paying employees.

The management of Chika Plc, a United Kingdom (UK) based Company, is considering the possibility of launching its presence into Ghana and it is not too sure of the tax implications of the following in light of the tax laws of Ghana:

i) It is considering making its presence through incorporation in Ghana or creating an external company that is a Permanent Establishment (Branch) instead.
ii) It intends to acquire all its non-current assets through finance lease as against buying the assets outright when it makes its presence in Ghana.
iii) It intends to bring some staff from the UK to work in Ghana who will be paid half salary in Ghana and the other half paid directly to their accounts in the UK.

Required:
Advise on the tax implications of each one of them to enable management of Chika Plc to take a decision. (8 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AFM – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2b – International investment and financing decisions

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of setting up a subsidiary versus licensing for KK Chemicals and suggest ways to mitigate blocked funds risk.

KK Chemicals Ltd, an Accra-based manufacturer of paints, sells its products only in Ghana. Currently, the company wants to expand into other African countries. The directors are considering two options: setting up its own subsidiary company to manufacture and sell the products or licensing a company based in the host country to manufacture and sell the products.

Required:
i) Advise the directors on TWO potential advantages and TWO disadvantages to KK Chemicals of setting up its own subsidiary company to handle production and sale in the host country as against licensing a company in the host country. (4 marks)

ii) Suppose KK Chemicals elects to set up a subsidiary in the host country. Suggest to the directors TWO ways of dealing with the risk of blocked funds. (2 marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare consolidated financial position of Makoko Group for the year ended Dec 31, 2021, and discuss accounting implications of significant influence.

Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited is a global merchant of cash crops. A policy of strategic acquisitions over the years has placed the company in a position to source for export products competitively. The lockdown arising from the recent pandemic posed a significant challenge for the export of their products throughout the year 2020. At a board meeting to review the performance of the company for that year and discuss the impact of the pandemic, the Managing Director noted the significant drop in the general performance indices. In order to get a greater market presence and higher demand locally, the board decided to acquire the following investments on January 1, 2021:

  • 60% of the equity share of Ojodu Limited;
  • 50% of 10% loan notes of Ojodu Ltd at par;
  • 40% stake in the ordinary shares of Egbeda Confectioneries Limited.

In the opinion of the board, both Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectioneries Limited are the biggest local customers of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited and a control through shareholding would give the investing company greater stake in the operational decisions of the investee companies. Importantly, it would also boost revenue by allowing unrestricted access to local markets. It is believed that this will forestall any adverse impact of further lockdowns that may hinder export sales in the future.

The draft financial statements of the companies for the year are as follows:

Statements of financial position as at December 31, 2021

Additional Information:

  1. Makoko Limited paid N90 million for the acquisition of Ojodu Limited when the retained earnings of Ojodu Limited were N13 million.
  2. The fair value of Ojodu’s freehold property was N6.5 million higher than the carrying amount as at the date of acquisition. This valuation has not been reflected in the books of Ojodu Limited.
  3. Makoko Limited paid N41 million for the shareholding in Egbeda Limited when the retained earnings of Egbeda Limited were N12 million.
  4. An impairment test as at December 31, 2021 showed that goodwill was impaired by N3.5 million and the investment in Egbeda Limited was impaired by N0.8 million.
  5. During the year, Makoko Limited sold products to Egbeda Limited at a price of N8 million. These goods had cost Makoko Limited N5 million. Half of the goods were still in the inventory of Egbeda Limited as at December 31, 2021.
  6. The companies issued share capital has not changed since the date of acquisition.
  7. No dividends were paid during the year.
  8. Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are to be measured at the appropriate proportion of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

Required: a. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Makoko Group for the year ended December 31, 2021. (20 Marks)

b. The Directors of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited are concerned about getting significant influence, if not absolute control, of all entities they intend to buy into. The five-year strategic plan of the company (2020 – 2024) focuses on having control of the cash crops segment of the agribusiness sector of the economy. This is in order to make them ready to roll out the next developmental phase of the business, which is to migrate from exporting raw products to finished products for industrial and household use.

Towards this goal, the board requires the Group Accountant to make a presentation on the accounting implications of gaining significant influence in another entity.

Required: Discuss the issues involved in the requirements of the Board as specified above. (5 Marks)

c. A friend to the Chief Accountant of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited, who is a consultant to Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectionaries Limited, is requesting for information on the new acquisitions from his friend, the Chief Accountant.

Required: Identify the ethical issues involved in the above scenarios and their implications. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Financial Planning and Forecasting

Prepare forecast financials for Lekki Plc and suggest divestment options for a poorly performing subsidiary.

Despite the global recession, demand for the company’s products has recently increased and is expected to grow over the next two years.

As part of a recent strategic review, the directors made the following projections for the years ending March 31, 2018, and March 31, 2019:

  1. An anticipated annual revenue increase of 8% for each year.
  2. Operating costs (excluding depreciation) expected to rise by 4% per year.
  3. Tax rate to remain at 21%, payable in the year liability arises.
  4. The trade receivables/revenue and trade payables/operating costs ratios will stay the same.
  5. Inventory levels to increase by 10% in the year ending March 31, 2018, and then remain stable.
  6. Non-current assets, including Lekki Plc.’s headquarters and factory, are not depreciated, and capital allowances are negligible.
  7. Dividend growth rate to remain at 6% annually, with dividends declared at the year-end and paid the following year.
  8. Purchase of new machinery at N8 million, financed through existing overdraft facilities. Machinery to be depreciated straight-line over 8 years with a N1 million residual value; capital allowances will apply at 18% reducing balance.
  9. Finance costs are projected to increase by 50% in the year ending March 31, 2018, and remain stable thereafter.

Financial Statement Extracts (March 31, 2017):

  • Income Statement:
    • Revenue: N60,240,000
    • Operating Costs: N49,500,000
    • Operating Profit: N10,740,000
    • Finance Costs: N800,000
    • Profit before Tax: N9,940,000
    • Tax: N2,286,000
    • Profit after Tax: N7,654,000
  • Statement of Financial Position:
    • Assets:
      • Non-current Assets: N28,850,000
      • Current Assets:
        • Inventories: N9,020,000
        • Trade Receivables: N9,036,000
        • Cash and Equivalents: N396,000
    • Equity and Liabilities:
      • Ordinary Share Capital: N16,700,000
      • Retained Earnings: N12,482,000
      • Non-current Liabilities: N8,000,000 (6% Debentures)
      • Current Liabilities: N10,120,000 (Trade Payables, Dividends)

Assume today is April 1, 2017.

a. Prepare a Forecast Financial Statement (Income Statement, Statement of Financial Position, and Cash Flow Statement) for each of the years ending March 31, 2018, and March 31, 2019.
(24 Marks)

Note: All calculations should be rounded up to the nearest N’000.

b. Beyond March 31, 2019, the directors are considering the disposal of a smaller subsidiary due to poor performance. The Finance Director suggests avoiding liquidation to minimize industrial relations issues.

Required: Discuss three non-liquidation methods to divest the subsidiary.
(6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Okechukwu Group for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of Okechukwu and its subsidiary, Ogenta Limited, for the year ended December 31, 2019, are presented below:

Item Okechukwu Plc (N’000) Ogenta Ltd (N’000)
Revenue 487,500 330,800
Cost of sales (304,500) (258,300)
Gross profit 183,000 72,500
Investment income 26,300 10,200
Distribution cost (24,050) (13,370)
Administrative expenses (40,625) (21,120)
Finance costs (10,500) (9,860)
Profit before tax 134,125 38,350
Income tax expense (33,800) (13,000)
Profit for the year 100,325 25,350
Other comprehensive income 23,880 10,440
Total comprehensive income 124,205 35,790

Additional information:

  1. Okechukwu Plc acquired 300 million of the ordinary shares issued by Ogenta Limited for N428 million.
  2. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Okechukwu Plc invoiced goods worth N80 million to Ogenta Limited. It is the policy of Okechukwu Plc to invoice goods at cost plus 33⅓%. Three-quarters of these goods are yet to be sold by Ogenta Limited at the year-end.
  3. Extracts from the books of Ogenta Limited at the date of acquisition reveal the following capital structure:
    • Issued ordinary shares of 50 kobo each: N200 million
    • General reserves: N80 million
    • Retained earnings: N52.5 million
  4. The fair value of the non-controlling interests at the acquisition date amounted to N92.5 million.
  5. An impairment test on the goodwill of Ogenta Limited conducted on December 31, 2019, indicated that the goodwill should be written down by N3.2 million.
  6. On the acquisition date, the fair value of net assets of Ogenta Limited was equal to their carrying amount, except for land and building and office equipment, which had fair values of N5 million and N1.5 million, respectively, in excess of their carrying amounts. The group non-current assets are depreciated at the rate of 10% per annum on a straight-line basis and charged to administrative expenses.
  7. Ogenta Limited paid a total of N20 million as dividends to all its shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019. Okechukwu Plc has accounted for the dividend received.
  8. The finance cost of Ogenta Limited includes N2 million paid to Okechukwu Plc as interest on a loan. Okechukwu Plc has recognized the amount as interest received.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Okechukwu Group for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

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  • 5 Marks

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4b – Control Assessment of Tema Ltd

Discuss the control of Accra Ltd over Tema Ltd in accordance with IFRS 10.

Accra Ltd, a government business entity, acquires 40% of the voting rights of Tema Ltd. The remaining investors each hold 5% of the voting rights of Tema Ltd. A shareholder agreement grants Accra Ltd the right to appoint, remove and set the remuneration of management responsible for key business decisions of Tema Ltd. To change this agreement, a two-thirds majority vote of the shareholders is required.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements, discuss whether Accra Ltd controls Tema Ltd. (5 marks)

 

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Adanna Plc and its subsidiary Ebuka Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Adanna Plc has a subsidiary, Ebuka Limited. The statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the companies is as follows:

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2017

Adanna Plc (N’000) Ebuka Limited (N’000)
Revenue 986,546 614,206
Cost of Sales (593,204) (365,903)
Gross Profit 393,342 248,303
Other Income 57,850 12,420
Distribution Costs (69,496) (40,562)
Administrative Expenses (158,624) (95,036)
Other Expenses (32,108) (15,814)
Finance Costs (20,600) (10,220)
Profit Before Tax 170,364 99,091
Income Tax Expense (51,110) (26,727)
Profit for the Year 119,254 72,364
Other Comprehensive Income:
Gain on Revaluation 68,166 29,202
Total Comprehensive Income 187,420 101,566

Additional Information:

  1. Adanna Plc acquired 75% of the issued equity shares of Ebuka Limited three years ago. Goodwill on acquisition was N280 million. The recoverable amount of goodwill at the year-end was N268 million, marking the first time the recoverable amount had fallen below the initial recognition.
  2. During the year, Ebuka Limited invoiced goods worth N300 million to Adanna Plc. A quarter of these goods were included in Adanna Plc’s inventory at the year-end. Ebuka Limited invoices goods at cost plus 25%.
  3. Ebuka Limited’s distribution costs include depreciation of an asset subject to a fair value increase of N155 million on acquisition. The asset is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over ten years.
  4. Adanna Plc’s other income includes an intercompany management charge of N10 million to Ebuka Limited, which was recognized as administrative expenses by Ebuka Limited.

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for Adanna Plc Group for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Calculate the goodwill on acquisition of Danke Plc by Monko Plc as per the given financial information.

Below are the financial statements of Monko Plc and its investee company, Danke Plc for
the year ended 30 September 2023:
Statements of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 30
September 2023



Additional information:
i) On 1 April 2023, Monko Plc acquired 75% of the equity shares of Danke Plc. Danke Plc had been experiencing difficult trading conditions and making significant losses. Taking into consideration Danke Plc’s difficulties, Monko Plc made an immediate cash payment of only GH¢1.50 per share. In addition, Monko Plc will pay a further amount in cash on 30 September 2024 if Danke Plc returns to profitability by that date. The value of this contingent consideration at the date of acquisition was estimated to be GH¢1,800,000 but in the light of continuing losses, it value was
estimated at only GH¢1,500,000 as at 30 September 2023. The contingent consideration has not been recorded by Monko Plc. At the date of acquisition, shares in Danke Plc had a listed market price of GH¢1.20 each.
ii) On 1 April 2023, the fair values of Danke Plc’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of a leased property. This had a fair value of GH¢2,000,000 above its
carrying amount and a remaining lease term of 10 years at that date. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
iii) Monko Plc transferred raw materials at their cost of GH¢4,000,000 to Danke Plc in June 2023. Danke Plc processed all of these materials incurring additional direct costs of GH¢1,400,000 and sold them back to Monko Plc in August 2023 for GH¢9,000,000. At 30 September 2023, Monko Plc had GH¢1,500,000 of these goods still in inventory.
iv) Monko Plc has recorded its investment in Danke Plc at the cost of the immediate cash payment. Other equity investments (included in the financial assets-equity investments) are carried at fair value through profit or loss as at 1 October 2022. The other equity investments have fallen in value by GH¢200,000 during the year ended 30 September 2023.
v) Monko Plc’s policy is to value the non-controlling interest at fair value at the date of
acquisition. Danke Plc’s share price at that date can be deemed to be representative of the
fair value of the shares held by the non-controlling interest.
vi) All items in the above statements of profit or loss are deemed to accrue evenly over the year unless otherwise indicated.
Required:
a) Compute the Goodwill on acquisition of Danke Plc. (4 marks)
b) Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income for
Monko Plc Group for the year ended 30 September 2023. (16 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Sankofa Group considering investments, goodwill, and intra-group transactions.

The following statement of financial position relates to Sankofa and Kaakyire as at 31 October 2020.

Statement of Financial Position Sankofa (GH¢’000) Kaakyire (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets
Property, Plant and Equipment 37,000 30,000
Investment Property 5,000 –
Investments 24,000 –
Total Non-current assets 66,000 30,000
Current assets
Inventory 9,000 8,000
Other current assets 21,000 14,000
Total Current assets 30,000 22,000
Total assets 96,000 52,000
Equity and liabilities
Ordinary shares (issued @ GH¢2.50) 20,000 8,000
Retained earnings 26,000 16,000
Total Equity 46,000 24,000
Non-current liabilities
10% debentures 11,900 12,000
Current liabilities
Payables 38,100 16,000
Total Equity and liabilities 96,000 52,000

Additional information:
i) On 1 November 2018, Sankofa purchased 2.4 million of the ordinary shares of Kaakyire when Kaakyire’s retained earnings balance stood at GH¢11 million. There have been no movements in share capital since the acquisition. As part of the consideration given for the shares acquired, the shareholders of Kaakyire accepted 1 million shares worth GH¢7 million in Sankofa at acquisition. The remaining consideration was agreed to be paid on 31 October 2020 for GH¢12.1 million. The present values of GH¢1 receivable based on 10% (considered to be an appropriate discount rate for Sankofa) are as follows:

Present Value of GH¢1 receivable
In one year’s time:
In two years’ time:

Entries have been correctly passed for the effects of all of the above, including any unwound discounts, except for the final payment made on 31 October 2020.

ii) At acquisition, the fair values of Kaakyire’s assets, liabilities, and contingencies were equal to their carrying amounts, with the exception of the following assets:

Carrying amount (GH¢’000) Fair value (GH¢’000)
Trade receivables 1,250
Inventory 1,500
Properties 14,000

The properties had a remaining useful life of 10 years. No items of property were sold during the two years to 31 October 2020. The inventory and the receivable were realised during the post-acquisition period.

iii) On 1 November 2019, Kaakyire sold an item of plant to Sankofa for GH¢5 million. Kaakyire originally bought the plant from Gyidie for GH¢6 million, and Kaakyire had provided accumulated depreciation of GH¢2.2 million up to the date of sale. Kaakyire considered the plant to have a remaining useful life of 5 years at the date of transfer.

iv) The Investment Property in the books of Sankofa represents an office facility that was completed on 1 November 2018 at the cost of GH¢3.5 million. The useful economic life of the facility was estimated at 20 years. Immediately after the acquisition of Kaakyire, Sankofa began to rent this property out to Kaakyire under a lease agreement. Sankofa Group values its investment properties using the fair value model under IAS 40 Investment Properties and its owner-occupied properties using the cost model under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment.

v) On 1 November 2019, Sankofa acquired 30% of the ordinary shares of Kaboom at the cost of GH¢6 million. During the year ended 31 October 2020, Kaboom reported a profit after tax of GH¢2 million. No dividends were paid or declared by Kaboom during the period. At year-end, Kaboom’s inventory included GH¢1.2 million worth of goods bought from Sankofa during the year to October 2020. Sankofa charges a 25% margin on all sales.

On 31 October 2019, Goodwill acquired in Kaakyire was attributed with an impairment loss of GH¢0.5 million. The group’s policy is to measure non-controlling interest at the proportion of the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets.

Required:
Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for the Sankofa Group as at 31 October 2020.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for Tamale Ltd for the year ended 30 September 2017 after acquisition of Navrongo Ltd.

On 1 April 2017, Tamale Ltd acquired 60% of the 4 million ordinary shares of Navrongo Ltd in a share exchange of two shares in Tamale Ltd for three shares in Navrongo Ltd. The issue of shares has not yet been recorded by Tamale Ltd. At the date of acquisition, shares in Tamale Ltd had a market value of GH¢6 each. Below are the summarised draft financial statements of both companies.

Statements of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 September 2017

Tamale Ltd (GH¢’000) Navrongo Ltd (GH¢’000)
Revenue 85,000 42,000
Cost of Sales (63,000) (32,000)
Gross Profit 22,000 10,000
Distribution Cost (2,000) (2,000)
Administrative Expenses (6,000) (3,200)
Finance Cost (300) (400)
Profit Before Tax 13,700 4,400
Income Tax Expense (4,700) (1,400)
Profit for the Year 9,000 3,000

Statements of Financial Position as at 30 September 2017

Tamale Ltd (GH¢’000) Navrongo Ltd (GH¢’000)
Assets
Non-Current Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment 40,600 12,600
Current Assets 16,000 6,600
Total Assets 56,600 19,200
Equity and Liabilities
Ordinary Shares 10,000 4,000
Retained Earnings 35,400 6,500
Equity 45,400 10,500
Non-Current Liabilities
10% Loan Notes 3,000 4,000
Current Liabilities 8,200 4,700
Total Equity and Liabilities 56,600 19,200

The following information is relevant:

i) At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Navrongo Ltd’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of an item of plant, which had a fair value of GH¢2 million in excess of its carrying amount. It had a remaining life of five years at that date (straight-line depreciation is used). Navrongo Ltd has not adjusted the carrying amount of its plant as a result of the fair value exercise.

ii) Sales from Navrongo Ltd to Tamale Ltd in the post-acquisition period were GH¢8 million. Navrongo Ltd made a markup on cost of 40% on these sales. Tamale Ltd had sold GH¢5.2 million (at cost) as at 30 September 2017.

iii) Other than where indicated, profit or loss items are deemed to accrue evenly on a time basis.

iv) Navrongo Ltd’s trade receivables at 30 September 2017 include GH¢600,000 due from Tamale Ltd which did not agree with Tamale Ltd’s corresponding trade payable. This was due to cash in transit of GH¢200,000 from Tamale Ltd to Navrongo Ltd. Both companies have positive bank balances.

v) Tamale Ltd has a policy of accounting for any non-controlling interest at fair value. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Navrongo Ltd at the date of acquisition was estimated to be GH¢5.9 million. Consolidated goodwill was not impaired at 30 September 2017.

Required:
a) Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for Tamale Ltd for the year ended 30 September 2017.

(8 marks)

b) Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Tamale Ltd as at 30 September 2017.

(12 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

PT – July 2023 – L2 – Q4b – Corporate Tax Liabilities

Advice on the tax implications of setting up as a subsidiary vs permanent establishment, finance leasing, and paying employees.

The management of Chika Plc, a United Kingdom (UK) based Company, is considering the possibility of launching its presence into Ghana and it is not too sure of the tax implications of the following in light of the tax laws of Ghana:

i) It is considering making its presence through incorporation in Ghana or creating an external company that is a Permanent Establishment (Branch) instead.
ii) It intends to acquire all its non-current assets through finance lease as against buying the assets outright when it makes its presence in Ghana.
iii) It intends to bring some staff from the UK to work in Ghana who will be paid half salary in Ghana and the other half paid directly to their accounts in the UK.

Required:
Advise on the tax implications of each one of them to enable management of Chika Plc to take a decision. (8 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AFM – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2b – International investment and financing decisions

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of setting up a subsidiary versus licensing for KK Chemicals and suggest ways to mitigate blocked funds risk.

KK Chemicals Ltd, an Accra-based manufacturer of paints, sells its products only in Ghana. Currently, the company wants to expand into other African countries. The directors are considering two options: setting up its own subsidiary company to manufacture and sell the products or licensing a company based in the host country to manufacture and sell the products.

Required:
i) Advise the directors on TWO potential advantages and TWO disadvantages to KK Chemicals of setting up its own subsidiary company to handle production and sale in the host country as against licensing a company in the host country. (4 marks)

ii) Suppose KK Chemicals elects to set up a subsidiary in the host country. Suggest to the directors TWO ways of dealing with the risk of blocked funds. (2 marks)

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