Question Tag: Risk Management

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Dec 2020 – L3 – Q3 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss SEC risk management provisions and analyse components of effective risk reports and their benefits to financial institutions.

Exposure to a variety of risks may affect the ability to achieve corporate objectives, thereby making risk management a corporate governance issue. Risk reports enable stakeholders to evaluate the importance attached to risk management and the company’s effectiveness in managing identified risks. Therefore, risk reports boost shareholders’ confidence that the company has adopted a responsible attitude towards risk.

As part of the regulatory framework to manage risk, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provided several guidelines for rules and content of effective risk reports.

Required:

a. Discuss the regulatory risk management provisions by SEC in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

b. Analyse the components of effective risk reports and state the benefits of their application to financial institutions in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

ATAX – May 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Emerging Trends in Taxation

Discuss risks, mitigation measures, roles, benefits, and challenges of technology in accounting and tax practice.

Tax legislations are becoming increasingly complex, creating more risks for professional accountants and tax practitioners. The role of technology in running a contemporary accounting firm and/or tax practice is evolving rapidly, bringing new layers of complexity and regulatory pressure.

Your firm of chartered accountants is organizing an in-house training for the newly employed audit officers. You have been mandated by the Senior Partner to prepare a paper on: “Risk and Role of Technology in Accounting/Tax Practice.”

Required:

As the paper presenter, prepare a paper for the training addressing the following:

(a) Risks of running a professional accounting firm and/or tax practice (4 Marks)
(b) Measures to mitigate the identified risks (5 Marks)
(c) Roles of technology in running a contemporary accounting/tax practice (3 Marks)
(d) Benefits and challenges of adopting technology by professionals in accounting firms and/or tax practices (8 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – AII – Q18 – Risk Management in Audits

Identifies the corporate factor that has increased the risk exposure of auditors over the last decade.

The rate of corporate ………… in the last ten years has tended to increase the risk exposure of the auditor.

 

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

Assess the auditor's legal position and requirements for due care in Globamedia's case, and outline preventive steps.

Globamedia is a company listed on The Nigerian Exchange (NGX) and is a long-established media company. In the last three years, it made some losses, though it is making investment in digital publishing. This investment and the company’s projected sound future prospects have led to a good market rating since it was generally seen that this digital publishing is a leading edge in the media industry. Its investments have been funded through the use of reserves built over many years.

However, a few weeks ago, Globamedia’s shares were suspended, having fallen by more than the stipulated threshold by The Nigerian Exchange Group on rumors that asset values have been significantly overstated and that the company was no longer financially viable. Your firm as the auditors has come under significant criticism and is considered as being negligent.

Required:

a. Evaluate the legal position of your firm. (5 Marks)

b. Discuss the requirements for due care. (5 Marks)

c. Highlight the steps and procedures that the firm could have taken to prevent such a situation from occurring. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FM – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1 – International Financial Management

Evaluates a foreign investment project in Linder, with NPV, payback period, and real options for abandonment analyzed under two scenarios.

Assume today is November 20, 2019. In 2018, the Oyin Division of Aba plc successfully launched a new premium wine, “Aladun,” in Nigeria. The Divisional Board of Oyin Division is now considering plans put forward by the Divisional Marketing Manager to launch the full range of Aladun in another country, “Linder.” Linder has the Linderian dollar (L$) as its currency, and the launch is planned for January 1, 2020.

It is known that breaking into the Linderian market for fruit wine is challenging due to strong local brand loyalty. Initial market research based on free tasting sessions has been promising, though uncertainties remain. The biggest risk identified is the potential for a Nigerian competitor to enter the same market with a similar product.

Financial Data for the Project:

  • Initial market research for the Linderian market: N5 million (already spent).
  • Additional detailed market research and packaging design (if approved): N20 million.
  • Launch campaign (radio and TV advertising): N10 million.
  • Distribution center in Linder: L$84 million.

Operating cash flow forecasts for the year ending December 31, 2020, vary based on two scenarios:

  • Scenario A: Sales revenue L$100 million; costs L$10 million + N20 million.
  • Scenario B: Sales revenue L$55 million; costs L$10 million + N15 million.
  • Probability of occurrence: 70% for Scenario A, 30% for Scenario B.

Other relevant financial data:

  • Oyin Division’s project evaluation discount rate: 15%.
  • Project duration: 4 years.
  • Expected operating cash flow growth: 5% per year.
  • Residual value of the distribution center: L$52 million after 4 years.
  • Exchange rate: N1 = L$1.2000 on January 1, 2020 (strengthening by 2% per year).
  • Corporate tax rate in Nigeria: 35%.
  • Tax allowances on capital expenditure: 100% (tax-deductible in Nigeria).

Additional Option:

  • The project could be abandoned on January 1, 2021, with the distribution center sold for an estimated L$70 million if Scenario B occurs.

Required:

a. Ignoring the abandonment option: i. Calculate the NPV for the project as of January 1, 2020, for each scenario and the overall total expected NPV. (17 Marks) ii. Calculate the payback period for each scenario. (4 Marks) iii. Interpret your results. (4 Marks)

b. Evaluate the abandonment decision on January 1, 2021, if Scenario B occurs. (7 Marks)

c. Advise on how real options and other strategic financial issues may influence the investment decision. (8 Marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q7a – Audit Reporting

Prepare a management representation letter for Banana Follow Me Limited and outline anti-money laundering requirements for the audit team.

You are the accountant to Banana Follow Me Limited and the audit of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 is currently ongoing. The company is a cocoa processing entity with various factories across the country. During the year end audit, the auditors, Akinfenwa & Company. (Chartered Accountants), observed that the company purchased
200,000 units of XYZ Plc. shares during the year and that the company had not recognised dividends on these shares as at year end. Upon enquiry, the Managing Director of the company explained that the
shares were purchased ex-dividend and had promised to provide suitable representations to confirm this. The auditors have verified this and are 106 satisfied with the explanation but expect representation letter which includes all other relevant representations from the company.

Required:

As the accountant to Banana Follow Me Limited, prepare the management representation letter to be issued to the company’s auditors, Akinfenwa & Company, confirming representations for the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

This question identifies types of risk in a volatile business environment, using the Turnbull Report.

Today’s business environment is often described by many experts as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA). Some of the driving forces of the VUCA environment include COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Europe, global warming, and a rapidly changing technological environment.

The impact of the VUCA environment on the global economy includes inflation, dwindling consumers’ purchasing power, rising energy costs, among others, leading to an increase in a sense of turbulence, danger, and unpredictability. With the volatility in the business environment also comes frequent changes in laws and regulations affecting businesses, a factor that adds instability to an already unstable business environment.

You have been asked by a start-up company in the consumer goods retailing business to provide advice on risk management as it concerns the global economy. The company is planning to launch an online retail store with a focus on the global consumer goods market.

Required:
Using the Turnbull Report and drawing from the given scenario, identify and explain to your client the types of risk that are inherent in the VUCA business environment. (15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Assess key controls for an online trading business, evaluate associated risks with electronic data interchange, and suggest effective risk mitigation controls.

Young Entrepreneur Trading (YET) is an online trading business established by Yemisi Tumfere. YET sources household goods from various local and international manufacturers, placing orders online with suppliers. Customers also place online orders, and invoices are processed and sent to stores for dispatch through a network of delivery centers across the country.

YET, dissatisfied with its previous auditors, has approached your firm for the audit engagement, with professional clearance obtained. As the audit manager, you are responsible for the engagement, with several new trainees under your supervision who are unfamiliar with controls for online businesses.

Requirements:
a. Discuss FIVE controls an auditor should focus on to assess the effectiveness of controls in an online system like YET. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate FOUR risks associated with YET’s use of electronic data interchange in an online business and recommend FOUR effective controls to minimize these risks. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Portfolio Management

Evaluate investment risk in different portfolio scenarios and explain the implications of beta and alpha values for KT Plc’s equity.

a. In the context of the selection and holding of investments, discuss each of the following scenarios:

i. An investor holding only one security needs to be concerned with the unsystematic risk of that security. (3 Marks)

ii. However, an investor who holds a number of securities should take account of total risk. (3 Marks)

iii. An investor should never add to a portfolio an investment that yields a return less than the market rate of return. (3 Marks)

b. The equity beta of KT Plc. is 1.2 and the equity alpha is 1.4. Explain the meaning and significance of these values to the company. (6 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Prepare financial statements for Akamata Nigeria Limited, analyze revaluation adjustments, and assess ethical challenges posed by management.

Akamata Nigeria Limited is a manufacturing company. Its finished products are stored in a nearby warehouse until ordered by the customers. Akamata Nigeria Limited has performed very well in the past, but has been in financial difficulties in recent months due to the removal of petroleum subsidies and floating of exchange rate by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The company has been reorganizing its business to improve performance.

The trial balance of Akamata Nigeria Limited as at March 31, 2023, was as follows:

Description Debit (N’000) Credit (N’000)
Revenue 624,500
Cost of goods manufactured (excluding depreciation) 470,000
Distribution costs 45,300
Administrative expenses 80,100
Restructuring costs 605
Interest received 6,000
Loan notes interest paid 3,195
Land and building (including land N100,000,000) 251,500
Plant and equipment 18,600
Accumulated depreciation at March 31, 2022:
– Buildings 30,300
– Plant and equipment 8,350
Investment properties (at market value) 120,000
Inventories at March 31, 2022 24,260
Trade receivables 46,650
Cash and bank 5,950
Ordinary share capital of N1 each (fully paid) 100,000
Share premium 2,150
Revaluation surplus 15,625
Retained earnings at March 31, 2022 140,385
Ordinary dividend paid 5,000
7% loan notes (2027) 91,250
Trade payables 40,600
Proceeds of shares issued 12,000

Total Debit = 1,071,160
Total Credit = 1,071,160

Additional Information:

  1. Property, plant, and equipment depreciation policies:
    • Building: 5% p.a. on straight-line basis (administrative cost).
    • Plant and equipment: 25% p.a. on reducing balance basis (cost of sales).
  2. Land revaluation on March 31, 2023: N120,000,000.
  3. Estimated income tax for the year ended March 31, 2023: N4,880,000.
  4. Closing inventories as at March 31, 2023, amount to N25,900,000. Inspection shows that a production machine had incorrect setup resulting in mispackaged products costing N250,000 to produce. Additional repackaging cost of N100,000 would enable a sale at N275,000. The mispackaged goods are currently included in inventory at N250,000.
  5. Loan notes are due for repayment by March 31, 2027, with interest accrued for six months to March 31, 2023.
  6. Restructuring costs represent major efforts to improve competitiveness and profitability.
  7. Investment properties required no fair value adjustments during the period.
  8. Issued 10 million new ordinary shares at N1.20 each during the year, recorded under “proceeds of share issue.”

Required:

a. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and the statement of changes in equity for the year ended March 31, 2023. (15 Marks)

b. Prepare the statement of financial position as at March 31, 2023. (10 Marks)

c. As the chief accountant of Akamata Nigeria Limited, you have been instructed by the new managing director (MD) to revise the last financial statement and prepare an attractive six-month forecast for listing on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX), potentially bypassing relevant accounting standards and NGX regulations.

Required:
Identify the motivations of the managing director and outline actions you should consider under this ethical pressure. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Dec 2020 – L3 – Q3 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss SEC risk management provisions and analyse components of effective risk reports and their benefits to financial institutions.

Exposure to a variety of risks may affect the ability to achieve corporate objectives, thereby making risk management a corporate governance issue. Risk reports enable stakeholders to evaluate the importance attached to risk management and the company’s effectiveness in managing identified risks. Therefore, risk reports boost shareholders’ confidence that the company has adopted a responsible attitude towards risk.

As part of the regulatory framework to manage risk, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provided several guidelines for rules and content of effective risk reports.

Required:

a. Discuss the regulatory risk management provisions by SEC in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

b. Analyse the components of effective risk reports and state the benefits of their application to financial institutions in Nigeria. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

ATAX – May 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Emerging Trends in Taxation

Discuss risks, mitigation measures, roles, benefits, and challenges of technology in accounting and tax practice.

Tax legislations are becoming increasingly complex, creating more risks for professional accountants and tax practitioners. The role of technology in running a contemporary accounting firm and/or tax practice is evolving rapidly, bringing new layers of complexity and regulatory pressure.

Your firm of chartered accountants is organizing an in-house training for the newly employed audit officers. You have been mandated by the Senior Partner to prepare a paper on: “Risk and Role of Technology in Accounting/Tax Practice.”

Required:

As the paper presenter, prepare a paper for the training addressing the following:

(a) Risks of running a professional accounting firm and/or tax practice (4 Marks)
(b) Measures to mitigate the identified risks (5 Marks)
(c) Roles of technology in running a contemporary accounting/tax practice (3 Marks)
(d) Benefits and challenges of adopting technology by professionals in accounting firms and/or tax practices (8 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – AII – Q18 – Risk Management in Audits

Identifies the corporate factor that has increased the risk exposure of auditors over the last decade.

The rate of corporate ………… in the last ten years has tended to increase the risk exposure of the auditor.

 

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

Assess the auditor's legal position and requirements for due care in Globamedia's case, and outline preventive steps.

Globamedia is a company listed on The Nigerian Exchange (NGX) and is a long-established media company. In the last three years, it made some losses, though it is making investment in digital publishing. This investment and the company’s projected sound future prospects have led to a good market rating since it was generally seen that this digital publishing is a leading edge in the media industry. Its investments have been funded through the use of reserves built over many years.

However, a few weeks ago, Globamedia’s shares were suspended, having fallen by more than the stipulated threshold by The Nigerian Exchange Group on rumors that asset values have been significantly overstated and that the company was no longer financially viable. Your firm as the auditors has come under significant criticism and is considered as being negligent.

Required:

a. Evaluate the legal position of your firm. (5 Marks)

b. Discuss the requirements for due care. (5 Marks)

c. Highlight the steps and procedures that the firm could have taken to prevent such a situation from occurring. (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FM – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1 – International Financial Management

Evaluates a foreign investment project in Linder, with NPV, payback period, and real options for abandonment analyzed under two scenarios.

Assume today is November 20, 2019. In 2018, the Oyin Division of Aba plc successfully launched a new premium wine, “Aladun,” in Nigeria. The Divisional Board of Oyin Division is now considering plans put forward by the Divisional Marketing Manager to launch the full range of Aladun in another country, “Linder.” Linder has the Linderian dollar (L$) as its currency, and the launch is planned for January 1, 2020.

It is known that breaking into the Linderian market for fruit wine is challenging due to strong local brand loyalty. Initial market research based on free tasting sessions has been promising, though uncertainties remain. The biggest risk identified is the potential for a Nigerian competitor to enter the same market with a similar product.

Financial Data for the Project:

  • Initial market research for the Linderian market: N5 million (already spent).
  • Additional detailed market research and packaging design (if approved): N20 million.
  • Launch campaign (radio and TV advertising): N10 million.
  • Distribution center in Linder: L$84 million.

Operating cash flow forecasts for the year ending December 31, 2020, vary based on two scenarios:

  • Scenario A: Sales revenue L$100 million; costs L$10 million + N20 million.
  • Scenario B: Sales revenue L$55 million; costs L$10 million + N15 million.
  • Probability of occurrence: 70% for Scenario A, 30% for Scenario B.

Other relevant financial data:

  • Oyin Division’s project evaluation discount rate: 15%.
  • Project duration: 4 years.
  • Expected operating cash flow growth: 5% per year.
  • Residual value of the distribution center: L$52 million after 4 years.
  • Exchange rate: N1 = L$1.2000 on January 1, 2020 (strengthening by 2% per year).
  • Corporate tax rate in Nigeria: 35%.
  • Tax allowances on capital expenditure: 100% (tax-deductible in Nigeria).

Additional Option:

  • The project could be abandoned on January 1, 2021, with the distribution center sold for an estimated L$70 million if Scenario B occurs.

Required:

a. Ignoring the abandonment option: i. Calculate the NPV for the project as of January 1, 2020, for each scenario and the overall total expected NPV. (17 Marks) ii. Calculate the payback period for each scenario. (4 Marks) iii. Interpret your results. (4 Marks)

b. Evaluate the abandonment decision on January 1, 2021, if Scenario B occurs. (7 Marks)

c. Advise on how real options and other strategic financial issues may influence the investment decision. (8 Marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q7a – Audit Reporting

Prepare a management representation letter for Banana Follow Me Limited and outline anti-money laundering requirements for the audit team.

You are the accountant to Banana Follow Me Limited and the audit of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 is currently ongoing. The company is a cocoa processing entity with various factories across the country. During the year end audit, the auditors, Akinfenwa & Company. (Chartered Accountants), observed that the company purchased
200,000 units of XYZ Plc. shares during the year and that the company had not recognised dividends on these shares as at year end. Upon enquiry, the Managing Director of the company explained that the
shares were purchased ex-dividend and had promised to provide suitable representations to confirm this. The auditors have verified this and are 106 satisfied with the explanation but expect representation letter which includes all other relevant representations from the company.

Required:

As the accountant to Banana Follow Me Limited, prepare the management representation letter to be issued to the company’s auditors, Akinfenwa & Company, confirming representations for the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

This question identifies types of risk in a volatile business environment, using the Turnbull Report.

Today’s business environment is often described by many experts as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA). Some of the driving forces of the VUCA environment include COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Europe, global warming, and a rapidly changing technological environment.

The impact of the VUCA environment on the global economy includes inflation, dwindling consumers’ purchasing power, rising energy costs, among others, leading to an increase in a sense of turbulence, danger, and unpredictability. With the volatility in the business environment also comes frequent changes in laws and regulations affecting businesses, a factor that adds instability to an already unstable business environment.

You have been asked by a start-up company in the consumer goods retailing business to provide advice on risk management as it concerns the global economy. The company is planning to launch an online retail store with a focus on the global consumer goods market.

Required:
Using the Turnbull Report and drawing from the given scenario, identify and explain to your client the types of risk that are inherent in the VUCA business environment. (15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Assess key controls for an online trading business, evaluate associated risks with electronic data interchange, and suggest effective risk mitigation controls.

Young Entrepreneur Trading (YET) is an online trading business established by Yemisi Tumfere. YET sources household goods from various local and international manufacturers, placing orders online with suppliers. Customers also place online orders, and invoices are processed and sent to stores for dispatch through a network of delivery centers across the country.

YET, dissatisfied with its previous auditors, has approached your firm for the audit engagement, with professional clearance obtained. As the audit manager, you are responsible for the engagement, with several new trainees under your supervision who are unfamiliar with controls for online businesses.

Requirements:
a. Discuss FIVE controls an auditor should focus on to assess the effectiveness of controls in an online system like YET. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate FOUR risks associated with YET’s use of electronic data interchange in an online business and recommend FOUR effective controls to minimize these risks. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Portfolio Management

Evaluate investment risk in different portfolio scenarios and explain the implications of beta and alpha values for KT Plc’s equity.

a. In the context of the selection and holding of investments, discuss each of the following scenarios:

i. An investor holding only one security needs to be concerned with the unsystematic risk of that security. (3 Marks)

ii. However, an investor who holds a number of securities should take account of total risk. (3 Marks)

iii. An investor should never add to a portfolio an investment that yields a return less than the market rate of return. (3 Marks)

b. The equity beta of KT Plc. is 1.2 and the equity alpha is 1.4. Explain the meaning and significance of these values to the company. (6 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Prepare financial statements for Akamata Nigeria Limited, analyze revaluation adjustments, and assess ethical challenges posed by management.

Akamata Nigeria Limited is a manufacturing company. Its finished products are stored in a nearby warehouse until ordered by the customers. Akamata Nigeria Limited has performed very well in the past, but has been in financial difficulties in recent months due to the removal of petroleum subsidies and floating of exchange rate by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The company has been reorganizing its business to improve performance.

The trial balance of Akamata Nigeria Limited as at March 31, 2023, was as follows:

Description Debit (N’000) Credit (N’000)
Revenue 624,500
Cost of goods manufactured (excluding depreciation) 470,000
Distribution costs 45,300
Administrative expenses 80,100
Restructuring costs 605
Interest received 6,000
Loan notes interest paid 3,195
Land and building (including land N100,000,000) 251,500
Plant and equipment 18,600
Accumulated depreciation at March 31, 2022:
– Buildings 30,300
– Plant and equipment 8,350
Investment properties (at market value) 120,000
Inventories at March 31, 2022 24,260
Trade receivables 46,650
Cash and bank 5,950
Ordinary share capital of N1 each (fully paid) 100,000
Share premium 2,150
Revaluation surplus 15,625
Retained earnings at March 31, 2022 140,385
Ordinary dividend paid 5,000
7% loan notes (2027) 91,250
Trade payables 40,600
Proceeds of shares issued 12,000

Total Debit = 1,071,160
Total Credit = 1,071,160

Additional Information:

  1. Property, plant, and equipment depreciation policies:
    • Building: 5% p.a. on straight-line basis (administrative cost).
    • Plant and equipment: 25% p.a. on reducing balance basis (cost of sales).
  2. Land revaluation on March 31, 2023: N120,000,000.
  3. Estimated income tax for the year ended March 31, 2023: N4,880,000.
  4. Closing inventories as at March 31, 2023, amount to N25,900,000. Inspection shows that a production machine had incorrect setup resulting in mispackaged products costing N250,000 to produce. Additional repackaging cost of N100,000 would enable a sale at N275,000. The mispackaged goods are currently included in inventory at N250,000.
  5. Loan notes are due for repayment by March 31, 2027, with interest accrued for six months to March 31, 2023.
  6. Restructuring costs represent major efforts to improve competitiveness and profitability.
  7. Investment properties required no fair value adjustments during the period.
  8. Issued 10 million new ordinary shares at N1.20 each during the year, recorded under “proceeds of share issue.”

Required:

a. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and the statement of changes in equity for the year ended March 31, 2023. (15 Marks)

b. Prepare the statement of financial position as at March 31, 2023. (10 Marks)

c. As the chief accountant of Akamata Nigeria Limited, you have been instructed by the new managing director (MD) to revise the last financial statement and prepare an attractive six-month forecast for listing on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX), potentially bypassing relevant accounting standards and NGX regulations.

Required:
Identify the motivations of the managing director and outline actions you should consider under this ethical pressure. (5 Marks)

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