Question Tag: Payback Period

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FM – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1 – International Financial Management

Evaluates a foreign investment project in Linder, with NPV, payback period, and real options for abandonment analyzed under two scenarios.

Assume today is November 20, 2019. In 2018, the Oyin Division of Aba plc successfully launched a new premium wine, “Aladun,” in Nigeria. The Divisional Board of Oyin Division is now considering plans put forward by the Divisional Marketing Manager to launch the full range of Aladun in another country, “Linder.” Linder has the Linderian dollar (L$) as its currency, and the launch is planned for January 1, 2020.

It is known that breaking into the Linderian market for fruit wine is challenging due to strong local brand loyalty. Initial market research based on free tasting sessions has been promising, though uncertainties remain. The biggest risk identified is the potential for a Nigerian competitor to enter the same market with a similar product.

Financial Data for the Project:

  • Initial market research for the Linderian market: N5 million (already spent).
  • Additional detailed market research and packaging design (if approved): N20 million.
  • Launch campaign (radio and TV advertising): N10 million.
  • Distribution center in Linder: L$84 million.

Operating cash flow forecasts for the year ending December 31, 2020, vary based on two scenarios:

  • Scenario A: Sales revenue L$100 million; costs L$10 million + N20 million.
  • Scenario B: Sales revenue L$55 million; costs L$10 million + N15 million.
  • Probability of occurrence: 70% for Scenario A, 30% for Scenario B.

Other relevant financial data:

  • Oyin Division’s project evaluation discount rate: 15%.
  • Project duration: 4 years.
  • Expected operating cash flow growth: 5% per year.
  • Residual value of the distribution center: L$52 million after 4 years.
  • Exchange rate: N1 = L$1.2000 on January 1, 2020 (strengthening by 2% per year).
  • Corporate tax rate in Nigeria: 35%.
  • Tax allowances on capital expenditure: 100% (tax-deductible in Nigeria).

Additional Option:

  • The project could be abandoned on January 1, 2021, with the distribution center sold for an estimated L$70 million if Scenario B occurs.

Required:

a. Ignoring the abandonment option: i. Calculate the NPV for the project as of January 1, 2020, for each scenario and the overall total expected NPV. (17 Marks) ii. Calculate the payback period for each scenario. (4 Marks) iii. Interpret your results. (4 Marks)

b. Evaluate the abandonment decision on January 1, 2021, if Scenario B occurs. (7 Marks)

c. Advise on how real options and other strategic financial issues may influence the investment decision. (8 Marks)

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PM – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1 – Decision-Making Techniques

Comparison of two machine purchase options - ZIGMA 5000 and DELPHA 7000 using profitability statement, cash flows, payback period and NPV.

The Board of Directors of Danda Company Limited is proposing the purchase of either of two machines that have been proved adequate for the production of an engineering product “Gee”. The two machines are: ZIGMA 5,000 and DELPHA 7,000. Production in the first year would be affected by installation challenges and inadequate understanding of the operating instructions of the machines.

Information available from the production profile of the two machines are as shown below:

ZIGMA 5000:

Cost of machine is N16,500,000 while the life span is 6 years.

DELPHA 7000:

Cost of plant is N18,300,000 while the life span is 6 years.

Other information relevant to the company’s operations and administration are:

(i) Selling price per unit is N300.

(ii) Variable cost per unit is N150.

(iii) Annual fixed overhead exclusive of depreciation is N1,200,000.

(iv) Company depreciation policy is straight line basis.

(v) The budgeted production capacity is 100,000 units.

(vi) No opening or closing inventory is envisaged.

(vii) All sales are for cash.

(viii) All costs are for cash.

Required:

a. Prepare the SIX year profitability statement for the two machines. (6 Marks)

b. Prepare the SIX year cash flow statement for the two machines. (6 Marks)

c. What is the payback period for the two machines? (7 Marks)

d. Determine the Net Present Value (NPV) of the two machines if the acceptable discount rate for the company is 15%. (7 Marks)

e. Which of the two machines should the company acquire? (4 Marks)

 

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BMF – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Discuss major cash flow items in capital investment projects and explain the payback period investment appraisal method.

a. List and explain FOUR major cashflow items to be included in a capital investment project. (8 Marks)
b.
i. Explain the payback period technique of investment appraisal. (4 Marks)
ii. State TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of payback period. (8 Marks)

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Government Accounting Concepts and Principles

Evaluate the viability of two local government projects using Pay Back Period and Accounting Rate of Return methods.

Sampolopolo Local Government has identified a vacant land beside its marriage registry building. The director of administration proposed that the land be used either for a cybercafé where the general public can browse, make phone calls, photocopy and carry out other computer services or for the construction of an entertainment event-hall that can be rented out on a commercial basis.
This idea was tabled at the council’s management meeting and unanimously accepted. However, the Finance and General Purposes Committee recommended five years for the project since the council secretariat building will be extended in the future to accommodate more offices for the increased staff strength, and this was approved.

The cost of building the cybercafé and the event-hall with necessary facilities and fittings as well as the expected cash inflows/profits as prepared by the director of administration are as follows:

Required:
As the consultant engaged by Sampolopolo Local Government, advise the Local Government on the more viable project using:
i. Pay Back Period (PBP) (7 Marks)
ii. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) (13 Marks)

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BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Investment Decisions

Calculate payback periods for two investment projects and decide based on company policy.

CASHIO Limited must choose between two investments, Project ABUWA and Project BRIWA. It cannot undertake both investments. The expected cash flows for each project are:

Year Project ABUWA (₦) Project BRIWA (₦)
0 (800,000) (800,000)
1 200,000 600,000
2 360,000 240,000
3 360,000 20,000
4 170,000

The company has a policy that the maximum permissible payback period for an investment is three years and if a choice has to be made between the two projects, the project with the earlier payback will be chosen.

a. Calculate the payback period for each project:
i. Assuming that cash flows occur at year-end
ii. Assuming that cash flows after Year 0 occur at a constant rate throughout each year (16 Marks)

b. Which project should be selected according to the company’s payback rule? (2 Marks)

c. State the reasons for your decision in (b) above. (2 Marks)

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Investment Decisions

Identify the incorrect feature of the payback period appraisal method.

Which of the following features is INCORRECT in respect of the payback period investment appraisal method?

A. It can be used to eliminate projects that will take too long to pay back
B. Often used by companies that have liquidity problems
C. Ignores the total cash returns from the project
D. Analyses accounting profits
E. Simple to calculate

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BMF – Nov 2019 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Investment Decisions

State decision rules for ARR and Payback Period and appraise a project using NPV.

(a) State the decision rules of the following investment appraisal techniques:

i. Accounting rate of return (2 Marks)
ii. Payback period (3 Marks)

(b) Fatfelic Ltd is considering a project with the following cash flows:

Year Cost of Plant (N) Running Costs (N) Savings (N)
2020 (1,280,000)
2021 480,000 840,000
2022 550,000 980,000
2023 670,000 1,120,000
2024 890,000 1,400,000

Fatfelic Ltd’s cost of capital is 10%.

Required:
i. Appraise the viability of the proposed project using the Net Present Value (NPV) method of investment appraisal.
ii. State with reasons if the project is worthwhile. (15 Marks)

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MA – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q4a – Introduction to capital budgeting

Select the appropriate plant for Pagsana Company using Payback Period and NPV analysis.

a) Pagsana Company plans to introduce a new product line for production of its local drink in Walewale. The company, therefore, decided to acquire either a semi-automated plant or an automated plant. The relevant data for the two proposed plants are as follows:

Required:
i) Select the appropriate plant on the basis of:

  • Payback Period (4 marks)
  • Net Present Value

(7 marks)

ii) Explain TWO (2) advantages of discounted cashflow method of investment appraisal. (4 marks)

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MA – Mar 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Decision making techniques

This question evaluates two investment proposals using the payback period method and addresses factors affecting the reliability of cash flows.

The following mutually exclusive investment opportunities are being proposed to Kwame, who wants reliable cash receipts on an annual basis:

Proposal A:

Purchase of a commercial vehicle at the cost of GH¢90,000 that will generate weekly sales of GH¢800. The owner will incur the following annual expenses on the vehicle:

Expenses GH¢
Insurance 1,200
Tyres 10,400
Roadworthy 1,400
Routine maintenance 9,000

Note: Assume 52 weeks in a year.

Proposal B:

The repair of an unoccupied two-bedroom flat at the cost of GH¢90,000. The flat was bought by Kwame for GH¢650,000 three years ago. The monthly rental will be GH¢1,450 subject to 8% rent tax. The owner will also pay property tax of GH¢1,200 per year.

Required:
i) Advise Kwame which of the proposals is acceptable using the payback period method of investment appraisal. (8 marks)
ii) Explain TWO (2) factors that can affect the reliability of the cash flow of the transport business. (2 marks)
iii) State TWO (2) qualitative factors that may influence the decision to opt for proposal B. (2 marks)
iv) Explain TWO (2) reasons the NPV may be a better appraisal technique than the payback period. (3 marks)

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MA – July 2023 – L2 – Q4a – Discounted cash flow

Calculate the cost of capital for a delivery van investment using IRR, and compare payback and discounted cash flow methods of investment appraisal.

a) Johnson & Co is a medium sized company that is engaged in delivery services. As a result
of the recent increase in the demand for services, the Managing Director (MD) is planning
for the future business performance. The MD plans to acquire a delivery van at the cost of
GH¢85,000. The expected net cash flow per year are as follows:

The Sales Manager has indicated to the MD that he will recoup his investment in less than four years and for that reason, it’s a good investment.

The Management Accountant has however drawn his attention to the fact that the manager has not factored time value of money and the cost of capital in his analysis. He could not however suggest the cost of capital since financial institutions are charging different interest rates.

Required:

i) Calculate the cost of capital when used would result in a break-even, when the useful life of the van is five years with residual value of GH¢8,500. (11 marks)

ii) Using TWO (2) points each, compare and contrast the payback method of investment appraisal and the discounted cash flow method.

(4 marks)

 

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FM – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q1 – International Financial Management

Evaluates a foreign investment project in Linder, with NPV, payback period, and real options for abandonment analyzed under two scenarios.

Assume today is November 20, 2019. In 2018, the Oyin Division of Aba plc successfully launched a new premium wine, “Aladun,” in Nigeria. The Divisional Board of Oyin Division is now considering plans put forward by the Divisional Marketing Manager to launch the full range of Aladun in another country, “Linder.” Linder has the Linderian dollar (L$) as its currency, and the launch is planned for January 1, 2020.

It is known that breaking into the Linderian market for fruit wine is challenging due to strong local brand loyalty. Initial market research based on free tasting sessions has been promising, though uncertainties remain. The biggest risk identified is the potential for a Nigerian competitor to enter the same market with a similar product.

Financial Data for the Project:

  • Initial market research for the Linderian market: N5 million (already spent).
  • Additional detailed market research and packaging design (if approved): N20 million.
  • Launch campaign (radio and TV advertising): N10 million.
  • Distribution center in Linder: L$84 million.

Operating cash flow forecasts for the year ending December 31, 2020, vary based on two scenarios:

  • Scenario A: Sales revenue L$100 million; costs L$10 million + N20 million.
  • Scenario B: Sales revenue L$55 million; costs L$10 million + N15 million.
  • Probability of occurrence: 70% for Scenario A, 30% for Scenario B.

Other relevant financial data:

  • Oyin Division’s project evaluation discount rate: 15%.
  • Project duration: 4 years.
  • Expected operating cash flow growth: 5% per year.
  • Residual value of the distribution center: L$52 million after 4 years.
  • Exchange rate: N1 = L$1.2000 on January 1, 2020 (strengthening by 2% per year).
  • Corporate tax rate in Nigeria: 35%.
  • Tax allowances on capital expenditure: 100% (tax-deductible in Nigeria).

Additional Option:

  • The project could be abandoned on January 1, 2021, with the distribution center sold for an estimated L$70 million if Scenario B occurs.

Required:

a. Ignoring the abandonment option: i. Calculate the NPV for the project as of January 1, 2020, for each scenario and the overall total expected NPV. (17 Marks) ii. Calculate the payback period for each scenario. (4 Marks) iii. Interpret your results. (4 Marks)

b. Evaluate the abandonment decision on January 1, 2021, if Scenario B occurs. (7 Marks)

c. Advise on how real options and other strategic financial issues may influence the investment decision. (8 Marks)

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PM – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1 – Decision-Making Techniques

Comparison of two machine purchase options - ZIGMA 5000 and DELPHA 7000 using profitability statement, cash flows, payback period and NPV.

The Board of Directors of Danda Company Limited is proposing the purchase of either of two machines that have been proved adequate for the production of an engineering product “Gee”. The two machines are: ZIGMA 5,000 and DELPHA 7,000. Production in the first year would be affected by installation challenges and inadequate understanding of the operating instructions of the machines.

Information available from the production profile of the two machines are as shown below:

ZIGMA 5000:

Cost of machine is N16,500,000 while the life span is 6 years.

DELPHA 7000:

Cost of plant is N18,300,000 while the life span is 6 years.

Other information relevant to the company’s operations and administration are:

(i) Selling price per unit is N300.

(ii) Variable cost per unit is N150.

(iii) Annual fixed overhead exclusive of depreciation is N1,200,000.

(iv) Company depreciation policy is straight line basis.

(v) The budgeted production capacity is 100,000 units.

(vi) No opening or closing inventory is envisaged.

(vii) All sales are for cash.

(viii) All costs are for cash.

Required:

a. Prepare the SIX year profitability statement for the two machines. (6 Marks)

b. Prepare the SIX year cash flow statement for the two machines. (6 Marks)

c. What is the payback period for the two machines? (7 Marks)

d. Determine the Net Present Value (NPV) of the two machines if the acceptable discount rate for the company is 15%. (7 Marks)

e. Which of the two machines should the company acquire? (4 Marks)

 

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BMF – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Discuss major cash flow items in capital investment projects and explain the payback period investment appraisal method.

a. List and explain FOUR major cashflow items to be included in a capital investment project. (8 Marks)
b.
i. Explain the payback period technique of investment appraisal. (4 Marks)
ii. State TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of payback period. (8 Marks)

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Government Accounting Concepts and Principles

Evaluate the viability of two local government projects using Pay Back Period and Accounting Rate of Return methods.

Sampolopolo Local Government has identified a vacant land beside its marriage registry building. The director of administration proposed that the land be used either for a cybercafé where the general public can browse, make phone calls, photocopy and carry out other computer services or for the construction of an entertainment event-hall that can be rented out on a commercial basis.
This idea was tabled at the council’s management meeting and unanimously accepted. However, the Finance and General Purposes Committee recommended five years for the project since the council secretariat building will be extended in the future to accommodate more offices for the increased staff strength, and this was approved.

The cost of building the cybercafé and the event-hall with necessary facilities and fittings as well as the expected cash inflows/profits as prepared by the director of administration are as follows:

Required:
As the consultant engaged by Sampolopolo Local Government, advise the Local Government on the more viable project using:
i. Pay Back Period (PBP) (7 Marks)
ii. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) (13 Marks)

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BMF – May 2021 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Investment Decisions

Calculate payback periods for two investment projects and decide based on company policy.

CASHIO Limited must choose between two investments, Project ABUWA and Project BRIWA. It cannot undertake both investments. The expected cash flows for each project are:

Year Project ABUWA (₦) Project BRIWA (₦)
0 (800,000) (800,000)
1 200,000 600,000
2 360,000 240,000
3 360,000 20,000
4 170,000

The company has a policy that the maximum permissible payback period for an investment is three years and if a choice has to be made between the two projects, the project with the earlier payback will be chosen.

a. Calculate the payback period for each project:
i. Assuming that cash flows occur at year-end
ii. Assuming that cash flows after Year 0 occur at a constant rate throughout each year (16 Marks)

b. Which project should be selected according to the company’s payback rule? (2 Marks)

c. State the reasons for your decision in (b) above. (2 Marks)

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Investment Decisions

Identify the incorrect feature of the payback period appraisal method.

Which of the following features is INCORRECT in respect of the payback period investment appraisal method?

A. It can be used to eliminate projects that will take too long to pay back
B. Often used by companies that have liquidity problems
C. Ignores the total cash returns from the project
D. Analyses accounting profits
E. Simple to calculate

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BMF – Nov 2019 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Investment Decisions

State decision rules for ARR and Payback Period and appraise a project using NPV.

(a) State the decision rules of the following investment appraisal techniques:

i. Accounting rate of return (2 Marks)
ii. Payback period (3 Marks)

(b) Fatfelic Ltd is considering a project with the following cash flows:

Year Cost of Plant (N) Running Costs (N) Savings (N)
2020 (1,280,000)
2021 480,000 840,000
2022 550,000 980,000
2023 670,000 1,120,000
2024 890,000 1,400,000

Fatfelic Ltd’s cost of capital is 10%.

Required:
i. Appraise the viability of the proposed project using the Net Present Value (NPV) method of investment appraisal.
ii. State with reasons if the project is worthwhile. (15 Marks)

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MA – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q4a – Introduction to capital budgeting

Select the appropriate plant for Pagsana Company using Payback Period and NPV analysis.

a) Pagsana Company plans to introduce a new product line for production of its local drink in Walewale. The company, therefore, decided to acquire either a semi-automated plant or an automated plant. The relevant data for the two proposed plants are as follows:

Required:
i) Select the appropriate plant on the basis of:

  • Payback Period (4 marks)
  • Net Present Value

(7 marks)

ii) Explain TWO (2) advantages of discounted cashflow method of investment appraisal. (4 marks)

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MA – Mar 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Decision making techniques

This question evaluates two investment proposals using the payback period method and addresses factors affecting the reliability of cash flows.

The following mutually exclusive investment opportunities are being proposed to Kwame, who wants reliable cash receipts on an annual basis:

Proposal A:

Purchase of a commercial vehicle at the cost of GH¢90,000 that will generate weekly sales of GH¢800. The owner will incur the following annual expenses on the vehicle:

Expenses GH¢
Insurance 1,200
Tyres 10,400
Roadworthy 1,400
Routine maintenance 9,000

Note: Assume 52 weeks in a year.

Proposal B:

The repair of an unoccupied two-bedroom flat at the cost of GH¢90,000. The flat was bought by Kwame for GH¢650,000 three years ago. The monthly rental will be GH¢1,450 subject to 8% rent tax. The owner will also pay property tax of GH¢1,200 per year.

Required:
i) Advise Kwame which of the proposals is acceptable using the payback period method of investment appraisal. (8 marks)
ii) Explain TWO (2) factors that can affect the reliability of the cash flow of the transport business. (2 marks)
iii) State TWO (2) qualitative factors that may influence the decision to opt for proposal B. (2 marks)
iv) Explain TWO (2) reasons the NPV may be a better appraisal technique than the payback period. (3 marks)

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MA – July 2023 – L2 – Q4a – Discounted cash flow

Calculate the cost of capital for a delivery van investment using IRR, and compare payback and discounted cash flow methods of investment appraisal.

a) Johnson & Co is a medium sized company that is engaged in delivery services. As a result
of the recent increase in the demand for services, the Managing Director (MD) is planning
for the future business performance. The MD plans to acquire a delivery van at the cost of
GH¢85,000. The expected net cash flow per year are as follows:

The Sales Manager has indicated to the MD that he will recoup his investment in less than four years and for that reason, it’s a good investment.

The Management Accountant has however drawn his attention to the fact that the manager has not factored time value of money and the cost of capital in his analysis. He could not however suggest the cost of capital since financial institutions are charging different interest rates.

Required:

i) Calculate the cost of capital when used would result in a break-even, when the useful life of the van is five years with residual value of GH¢8,500. (11 marks)

ii) Using TWO (2) points each, compare and contrast the payback method of investment appraisal and the discounted cash flow method.

(4 marks)

 

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