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CR – May 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Adjust lease accounting for right-of-use asset and lease liability in compliance with IFRS 16.

The draft financial statements of Gbola Limited group and its investee companies Tanko Limited and Eze Limited at December 31, 2018 are shown below:

Draft Statements of Profit or Loss for the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Item Gbola Limited (N’000) Tanko Limited (N’000) Eze Limited (N’000)
Revenue 17,070 7,320 2,235
Cost of Sales (8,640) (3,210) (885)
Gross Profit 8,430 4,110 1,350
Other Operating Expenses (2,070) (810) (600)
Profit from Operations 6,360 3,300 750
Interest Expense (570) (660) (210)
Profit Before Tax 5,790 2,640 540
Income Tax Expense (810) (360) (90)
Profit for the Year 4,980 2,280 450

Draft Statements of Financial Position as at December 31, 2018

Additional Information

  1. On January 1, 2014, Gbola Limited acquired 9,000,000 ordinary shares in Tanko Limited for N23,250,000 when the reserves of Tanko Limited were N3,000,000.
  2. A new asset with a fair value of N1,500,000 was acquired during the year under a lease agreement by Gbola Limited. A clause in the lease agreement stipulated that N300,000 payments must be paid on December 31, each year for six years, starting from December 31, 2018. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 5.47%. Gbola Limited treated this as an operating expense; because the only accounting entry that the company believes must be made in relation to this asset is the N300,000 payment it has made.
  3. Gbola Limited had an intangible asset of N750,000 for software in its statement of financial position. The directors of Gbola Limited believed that the software will have no recoverable value at the date of acquisition, and Tanko Limited wrote it off shortly after its acquisition.
  4. At the date of acquisition of Tanko Limited, the carrying amount of its property, plant, and equipment, considered to have a remaining life of 10 years, was N5,625,000 lower than its fair value.
  5. On January 1, 2017, Gbola Limited acquired 2,250,000 ordinary shares in Eze Limited for N6,000,000 when the reserves of Eze Limited were N1,350,000. The carrying amount of assets of Eze Limited was the same as their fair values at that date. Depreciation should be treated as an operating expense.
  6. A component used by both Tanko Limited and Eze Limited is produced by Gbola Limited, and it sells this component at a margin of 25%. Goods worth N780,000 were sold to Tanko Limited during the year. None of these goods had been sold by Tanko Limited at December 31, 2018. Gbola Limited also sold goods worth N1,200,000 to Eze Limited, and Eze Limited sold all of these goods as at December 31, 2018.
  7. N900,000 in respect of amounts owed by Tanko Limited and N525,000 in respect of amounts owed by Eze Limited were included in the receivables of Gbola Limited. The corresponding balances in Tanko Limited and Eze Limited payables were N600,000 and N525,000, respectively. On December 31, 2018, Tanko Limited sent a cheque of N300,000 to Gbola Limited.
  8. There has been no impairment for Eze Limited. However, the impairment test conducted on Tanko Limited’s goodwill showed that goodwill is being impaired by 10% per annum on a straight-line basis.
  9. Gbola Limited’s cash and cash equivalents included a Director’s loan of N1,500,000. The Directors are of the view that the inclusion does not contravene any International Financial Reporting Standard.
  10. The goodwill arising on the acquisition of Tanko Limited is being amortized over a 10-year period, though this practice contravenes IAS 36, which prohibits goodwill amortization and instead requires annual impairment tests.

a. Prepare the necessary adjustments to account for the lease contract based on additional information provided in (ii) above in accordance with IFRS 16. (5 Marks)
b. Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the group for the year ended December 31, 2018. (8 Marks)
c. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Gbola Limited group as at December 31, 2018. (12 Marks)
d. Discuss the ethical implication of the Director’s action in note (ix) above. (5 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q3a – IFRS 16: Leases

Financial reporting treatment for a lease agreement, including CPI-based increases and variable lease payments for Avoka Grains Plantation.

On 1 January 2022, Avoka Grains Plantation Plc (Avoka) acquired a combined harvester from Awulley Farm Technologies for a lease term of 5 years with instalments payable annually in advance. The useful life of the harvester was estimated at 5 years. Avoka paid the first instalment of GH¢60 million on 1 January 2022.

However, subsequent lease payments are subject to increase/decrease in line with the consumer price index (CPI). At the lease inception, Avoka estimated that CPI would increase by 10% annually. However, CPI increased by 14% in 2022, and consequently GH¢68.4 million was paid on 1 January 2023 as the second instalment. At 31 December 2022, Avoka estimated that the annual increase in CPI would continue to be 14% in future years.

Avoka is also required to pay a usage fee of GH¢0.3 per acre of harvest in excess of 30 million units per annum from the machine. At the lease inception, Avoka planned to use the harvester to achieve 40 million acres of harvest each year during the lease term. During 2022, Avoka harvested 40 million acres of grains and accordingly, an amount of GH¢3 million was also paid along with the second instalment. Avoka’s incremental borrowing rate is 11% per annum.

Required:
Advise Avoka Plc on the financial reporting treatment for the above in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.
(10 marks)

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CR – Dec 2022 – L3 – Q2b – IFRS 16: Leases

Calculate lease liabilities and right-of-use assets for Zigi Plc under IFRS 16 for the years ended 2020 and 2021.

On 1 January 2020, Zigi Plc (Zigi) entered into a 6-year lease of a manufacturing plant with annual lease payments of GH¢5.5 million, starting from 31 December 2020. The lease agreement specified that the lease payments (except yearly baseline payments of GH¢1 million included in the GH¢5.5 million) would increase every two years on the basis of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the preceding 24 months. The CPI at the commencement date was 125. Additionally, Zigi is required to pay GH¢500,000 every year once cost savings in that year reach at least GH¢6 million. Zigi’s cost savings achieved with its other assets had been averaging GH¢5.1 million prior to 1 January 2020. The initial direct non-reimbursable cost incurred by Zigi was GH¢350,000.

The rate implicit in the lease, which should have been 12% per annum, was not readily determinable by Zigi. Zigi’s incremental borrowing rate was 14% per annum. At 31 December 2021, the CPI was revised to 138. The actual cost savings achieved by Zigi in the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2021 were GH¢5.3 million and GH¢6.8 million, respectively.

The cumulative discount factors based on 12% and 14% are provided below:

Years 12% 14%
6 4.11 3.89
5 3.60 3.43
4 3.04 2.91

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, explain how the above lease would affect Zigi’s financial statements for the years ended 31 December 2020 and 2021.
(Total: 8 marks)

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CR – May 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Leases (IFRS 16)

Adjust lease accounting for right-of-use asset and lease liability in compliance with IFRS 16.

The draft financial statements of Gbola Limited group and its investee companies Tanko Limited and Eze Limited at December 31, 2018 are shown below:

Draft Statements of Profit or Loss for the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Item Gbola Limited (N’000) Tanko Limited (N’000) Eze Limited (N’000)
Revenue 17,070 7,320 2,235
Cost of Sales (8,640) (3,210) (885)
Gross Profit 8,430 4,110 1,350
Other Operating Expenses (2,070) (810) (600)
Profit from Operations 6,360 3,300 750
Interest Expense (570) (660) (210)
Profit Before Tax 5,790 2,640 540
Income Tax Expense (810) (360) (90)
Profit for the Year 4,980 2,280 450

Draft Statements of Financial Position as at December 31, 2018

Additional Information

  1. On January 1, 2014, Gbola Limited acquired 9,000,000 ordinary shares in Tanko Limited for N23,250,000 when the reserves of Tanko Limited were N3,000,000.
  2. A new asset with a fair value of N1,500,000 was acquired during the year under a lease agreement by Gbola Limited. A clause in the lease agreement stipulated that N300,000 payments must be paid on December 31, each year for six years, starting from December 31, 2018. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 5.47%. Gbola Limited treated this as an operating expense; because the only accounting entry that the company believes must be made in relation to this asset is the N300,000 payment it has made.
  3. Gbola Limited had an intangible asset of N750,000 for software in its statement of financial position. The directors of Gbola Limited believed that the software will have no recoverable value at the date of acquisition, and Tanko Limited wrote it off shortly after its acquisition.
  4. At the date of acquisition of Tanko Limited, the carrying amount of its property, plant, and equipment, considered to have a remaining life of 10 years, was N5,625,000 lower than its fair value.
  5. On January 1, 2017, Gbola Limited acquired 2,250,000 ordinary shares in Eze Limited for N6,000,000 when the reserves of Eze Limited were N1,350,000. The carrying amount of assets of Eze Limited was the same as their fair values at that date. Depreciation should be treated as an operating expense.
  6. A component used by both Tanko Limited and Eze Limited is produced by Gbola Limited, and it sells this component at a margin of 25%. Goods worth N780,000 were sold to Tanko Limited during the year. None of these goods had been sold by Tanko Limited at December 31, 2018. Gbola Limited also sold goods worth N1,200,000 to Eze Limited, and Eze Limited sold all of these goods as at December 31, 2018.
  7. N900,000 in respect of amounts owed by Tanko Limited and N525,000 in respect of amounts owed by Eze Limited were included in the receivables of Gbola Limited. The corresponding balances in Tanko Limited and Eze Limited payables were N600,000 and N525,000, respectively. On December 31, 2018, Tanko Limited sent a cheque of N300,000 to Gbola Limited.
  8. There has been no impairment for Eze Limited. However, the impairment test conducted on Tanko Limited’s goodwill showed that goodwill is being impaired by 10% per annum on a straight-line basis.
  9. Gbola Limited’s cash and cash equivalents included a Director’s loan of N1,500,000. The Directors are of the view that the inclusion does not contravene any International Financial Reporting Standard.
  10. The goodwill arising on the acquisition of Tanko Limited is being amortized over a 10-year period, though this practice contravenes IAS 36, which prohibits goodwill amortization and instead requires annual impairment tests.

a. Prepare the necessary adjustments to account for the lease contract based on additional information provided in (ii) above in accordance with IFRS 16. (5 Marks)
b. Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the group for the year ended December 31, 2018. (8 Marks)
c. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Gbola Limited group as at December 31, 2018. (12 Marks)
d. Discuss the ethical implication of the Director’s action in note (ix) above. (5 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q3a – IFRS 16: Leases

Financial reporting treatment for a lease agreement, including CPI-based increases and variable lease payments for Avoka Grains Plantation.

On 1 January 2022, Avoka Grains Plantation Plc (Avoka) acquired a combined harvester from Awulley Farm Technologies for a lease term of 5 years with instalments payable annually in advance. The useful life of the harvester was estimated at 5 years. Avoka paid the first instalment of GH¢60 million on 1 January 2022.

However, subsequent lease payments are subject to increase/decrease in line with the consumer price index (CPI). At the lease inception, Avoka estimated that CPI would increase by 10% annually. However, CPI increased by 14% in 2022, and consequently GH¢68.4 million was paid on 1 January 2023 as the second instalment. At 31 December 2022, Avoka estimated that the annual increase in CPI would continue to be 14% in future years.

Avoka is also required to pay a usage fee of GH¢0.3 per acre of harvest in excess of 30 million units per annum from the machine. At the lease inception, Avoka planned to use the harvester to achieve 40 million acres of harvest each year during the lease term. During 2022, Avoka harvested 40 million acres of grains and accordingly, an amount of GH¢3 million was also paid along with the second instalment. Avoka’s incremental borrowing rate is 11% per annum.

Required:
Advise Avoka Plc on the financial reporting treatment for the above in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.
(10 marks)

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CR – Dec 2022 – L3 – Q2b – IFRS 16: Leases

Calculate lease liabilities and right-of-use assets for Zigi Plc under IFRS 16 for the years ended 2020 and 2021.

On 1 January 2020, Zigi Plc (Zigi) entered into a 6-year lease of a manufacturing plant with annual lease payments of GH¢5.5 million, starting from 31 December 2020. The lease agreement specified that the lease payments (except yearly baseline payments of GH¢1 million included in the GH¢5.5 million) would increase every two years on the basis of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the preceding 24 months. The CPI at the commencement date was 125. Additionally, Zigi is required to pay GH¢500,000 every year once cost savings in that year reach at least GH¢6 million. Zigi’s cost savings achieved with its other assets had been averaging GH¢5.1 million prior to 1 January 2020. The initial direct non-reimbursable cost incurred by Zigi was GH¢350,000.

The rate implicit in the lease, which should have been 12% per annum, was not readily determinable by Zigi. Zigi’s incremental borrowing rate was 14% per annum. At 31 December 2021, the CPI was revised to 138. The actual cost savings achieved by Zigi in the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2021 were GH¢5.3 million and GH¢6.8 million, respectively.

The cumulative discount factors based on 12% and 14% are provided below:

Years 12% 14%
6 4.11 3.89
5 3.60 3.43
4 3.04 2.91

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 16: Leases, explain how the above lease would affect Zigi’s financial statements for the years ended 31 December 2020 and 2021.
(Total: 8 marks)

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