Question Tag: IPSAS

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  • 7 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Valuation of Legacy Fixed Assets

Valuation and accounting treatment of legacy fixed assets in compliance with IPSAS.

The Ministry of Indigenous Enterprises has been charged to collect legacy fixed assets data and value them in accordance with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). The Fixed Assets Coordinating Unit (FACU) of the Ministry has collected for valuation the following data for your action:

The Ministry owns a four (4) storey Office Administration block. The average cost per floor is GH¢4,741,256.25. The building was constructed on a land size of 20 plots of land owned by the Ministry. Currently, a plot of land in that area costs GH¢2,500,000. The FACU has measured the sizes of the building as follows:

  • Length: 87.5 meters
  • Width: 42.65 meters
  • Reference Price per Square Meter: GH¢4,432

However, a professional body, the Institute of Architects and Engineers, has given the reference price for the cost of such an office building at an estimated price of GH¢87,965,025. The building has not seen any further facelift ever since. However, a fence wall with a gate to enforce security and secure the land has just been completed in the current year at a cost of GH¢8,970,000 with a lifespan of 50 years.

The year of construction of the office building could not be determined, yet an old watchman who had been there for ages remembers that the building was constructed some 42 years ago, a time when his seventh child was born. It is the decision of the Government of Ghana on the adoption of IPSAS not to take advantage of the three-year exemption period but to account for legacy fixed assets by taking 60% of the reference cost of the legacy assets as the deemed cost, with a reduced lifespan of 30 years.

Required:

i) Calculate the cost of the land and buildings with structures to be brought into the books on the adoption of IPSAS and determine the depreciation chargeable in the first year in respect of these assets.                                                                                              ii) Show the extract of Statement of Financial Position of the Ministry of Indigenous
Enterprises as at that date

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  • 9 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS and government regulations.

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position of Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.

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  • 8 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Financial Statements Preparation

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital following IPSAS guidelines.

Below is a Trial Balance of Paja Teaching Hospital (PTH) under the Ministry of Health for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Debit (GH¢000) Credit (GH¢000)
Cash and Bank – GoG 3,400
Cash and Bank – IGF 72,200
Cash and Bank – Donor Funds 210,400
Undeposited Cash – IGF 4,000
Petty Cash 100
Investments 2,000
Debtors 661,400
Other Receivables 17,700
Withholding Tax
Trust Funds
Trade Payables
GoG Subsidy – Employee Compensation
GoG Subsidy – Goods & Services
Development Partners Programmes Receipt
Other Non-Operating Income
Medicines & Pharmaceuticals 433,900
Surgical 50,800
Medical 111,400
Investigation 140,900
OPD 238,400
Obstetrics and Gynaecology 135,300
Dental 8,300
Pediatrics 40,300
Ear, Nose & Throat 5,300
Eye Care 7,300
Mortuary 30,000
Ambulance Fees 300
Ophthalmology 3,000
Physiotherapy 3,300
Examination Fees 200
Dialysis 400
Feeding 30,400
Employee Compensation – GoG 3,912,500
Goods & Services – GoG 20,800
Employee Compensation – IGF 148,000
Goods & Services – IGF 978,500
Capital Expenditure – IGF 27,500
Goods & Services – Partners Fund 472,400
Accumulated Fund
Total 6,530,900

Additional Information:

  1. The hospital previously used modified accrual accounting but switched to IPSAS accrual basis in 2023.
  2. The hospital revalued legacy assets as follows:
    • Motor Vehicles: GH¢50,250,000
    • Buildings: GH¢120,540,000
    • Medical Equipment & Other Equipment: GH¢31,500,000
    • Land: GH¢15,000,000
  3. Gavi supported the hospital with GH¢200,000,000 in 2023, but 20% was allocated for Q1 of 2024. The Global Fund committed GH¢250,000,000, but only GH¢200,000,000 was received.
  4. NHIA rejected 10% of the hospital’s total claims of GH¢100,300,000.
  5. Parliament approved a write-off of GH¢20,225,000 for unpaid hospital services.
  6. The capital expenditure consists of:
    • Medical Equipment: GH¢19,236,000
    • Furniture & Fittings: GH¢8,264,000
  7. Depreciation Policy (Straight-Line Basis):
    • Building: 5%
    • Motor Vehicle: 20%
    • Medical Equipment: 10%
    • Furniture & Fitting: 25%
  8. Year-end inventory values:
Inventory Type Cost (GH¢000) Replacement Cost (GH¢000) Net Realisable Value (GH¢000)
Medicines (for resale) 146,800 176,100 132,100
Medical Consumables (For use on clients) 29,400 33,800 30,800
Office Consumables 19,600 29,400 18,600

Required:

In compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Government of Ghana Chart of Accounts, prepare:
a) A Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – May 2021 – L2 – Q2b – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Explain differences between accrual and cash accounting, justify IPSAS adoption, and describe commitment accounting benefits.

You have received an official memo from your Permanent Secretary, which reads:

Director of Account and Finance: Hope you are doing well. We have just closed from a workshop organised by the Ministry of Finance on public finance management not long ago, and the discussion was all about the adoption of IPSAS accrual accounting in the public sector. It was emphasised that migration from IPSAS Cash Basis to IPSAS Accrual Basis is necessary to improve financial reporting and transparency in the public sector. You know I have little knowledge in accounting, so I was completely lost in the discussions and I wished you had attended the workshop with me.

Another issue discussed was commitment accounting. We were made to understand that commitment accounting strengthens public finance management and therefore all Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) must ensure that every expenditure is committed in accordance with the appropriation prior to spending.

Please could you help me with some information on these issues?

Required:
Explain to the Permanent Secretary:
i. THREE differences between accrual accounting and cash accounting. (3 Marks)
ii. THREE justifications for adopting IPSAS accrual accounting in the public sector. (3 Marks)
iii. The term “commitment accounting” and illustrate THREE ways it could strengthen public financial management. (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2024 – L2 – SB – Q2 – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Disclosures and interpretation of financial statements for public sector investments.

a. IPSAS 36 – Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures is a replacement of IPSAS 7 on Accounting for Investments in Associates.

You are required to:

Identify and briefly explain FOUR disclosures that should be made in the accounts on investments in associates. (8 Marks)

b. Interpretation of public sector financial statements is necessary in order to take decisive action in the public sector activities.

You are required to:

Identify and briefly explain THREE ways through which comparison of figures in respect of two or more years can be derived. (12 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question discusses the benefits of adopting IPSAS in public sector accounting, focusing on transparency, accountability, and credibility improvements.

Enumerate any FOUR benefits in the adoption of Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).

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  • 12 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question outlines the benefits of migrating from IPSAS-CASH to IPSAS-ACCRUAL basis for public sector accounting.

In an effort to promote accountability and transparency in governance, the
administration has adopted and implemented the International Public Sector
Accounting Standards (IPSAS) from January 2014. The governments (Federal, State,
Local) and other public institutions adopted IPSAS in the reporting and presentation
of financial statements to improve the quality and comparability of financial
information, and to be in conformity with other advanced nations of the world. IPSASCASH is already adopted in the budgeting, accounting and presentation of financial
statements, while IPSAS-ACCRUAL takes effect from January 2016.
You are required to:

Identify any SIX benefits of migration from IPSAS-CASH basis to IPSAS ACCRUAL basis.

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  • 40 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q1 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Prepare financial statements and journal entries for Ogogo Local Government based on trial balance and transactions provided, and identify external controls and challenges.

Ogogo Local Government is one of the 26 Local Governments in Alimosho state of
Federal Republic of Wazobia. The Local Government has adopted Treasury Single
Accounting (Direct method) and prepares its accounts using IPSAS accrual basis.
There has been wide spread fraud since the retirement of the Treasurer of the
council about two years ago. However, there was no adequate information to
suggest that there was fraud or misappropriation of funds. The Chairman invited
you to his office as the new Treasurer and handed over some of the financial data
from treasury department to you as detailed below:
The trial balance for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

 

The following transactions took place in the Office of the Treasurer of the Local
Government for the year ended December 31, 2018.
i. Listed below are the revenue and expenditure items for the year ended December 31, 2018

(ii) Code 1 is used as prefix for revenue, 2 for recurrent expenditure and 4 for
capital expenditure
(iii) Preliminary investigations carried out revealed the following irregularities,
which occurred and were discovered within the year:
• Included in the payments for the expenses under primary health care department were various duplicated vouchers amounting to N7million;
• There were some falsifications in the bills for items bought for the provision of water under other charges. The total discrepancies amounted to N3million.
(iv) The following agreed revenue demand notices were sent to the indigenes of the Local Government during the year.

(v) Included in the payments under works and housing is the cost of motor
vehicles of N25 million while medical equipment costing N35 million was
included in primary health care department expenses.
(vi) Included in the payments under works and housing is the cost of land
including construction of access roads, certificate of occupancy etc, amounting
to N100 million. The land was acquired by the Local Government and sold to
local prospective land owners at a cost of N520,000 per plot. The land consists
of 200 standard plots for the construction of houses of their choice. Only 150
plots were fully subscribed and paid for during the year.
(vii) Included in the payments under finance department is the cost of office
stationery of N25 million while the value of office stationery based on stock
sheet as at December 31, 2018 was N6.5 million.

viii) Capital grant from the State Government was received on December 31, 2017
and utilised in 2018.
(ix) The capital expenditure paid during the year was for the acquisition of land for the new Local Government Health Centers.
(x) Some of the accounting policies for depreciation adopted by the Government include the following depreciation rates;

Note: All non-current assets were purchased at the beginning of the
year.
(xi) The following expenses were incurred but not settled as at end of the year.

You are required to prepare:
a. The journal entries to record the loss of fund (3 Marks)
b. The statements of financial performance for year ended December 31, 2018
(15 Marks)
c. The statement of financial position as at December, 31 2018 (17 Marks)
d. Identify FIVE external controls and FIVE problems of Local Government in
Nigeria (5 Marks)

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  • 40 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q1 – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Discuss IPSAS transition exemptions and prepare financial statements for Oranta State Government using IPSAS accrual.

IPSAS 33, gives a transition relief (exemption) of up to three years within which to develop models for transiting to IPSAS accrual. However, the government of Nigeria adopted accrual IPSAS on revenue from exchange transactions effective January 1, 2016.

Oranta State Government mandated the Accountant-General of the State to implement the IPSAS accrual in the preparation of their financial statements with effect from January 2018 which was complied with accordingly.

For the smooth implementation of IPSAS accrual, the State Executive Council approved the following:

(i) Asset valuation committee to be chaired by the Deputy Governor with the Commissioner of Finance, Commissioner of Budget and Planning, Chairman State Internal Revenue Service, Accountant-General of the State, and Head of Service as members while a Director in the Office of the Secretary to the State Government was appointed as the Secretary.
(ii) The Committee was mandated to value all the State assets and liabilities on or before the implementation of IPSAS accrual.
(iii) The Committee was allowed to engage the services of competent valuers for the job.
(iv) The valuation of the assets and liabilities should be on a continuous basis and any value agreed and approved by the State Executive Council should be brought into the books in the year of valuation.
(v) All assets and liabilities incurred after implementation of IPSAS accrual should be recognized in the year they occurred.

The consolidated trial balance for the year ended December 31, 2017, based on IPSAS cash is as follows:

Extracted consolidated cashbook for the year 2018:

The following information is relevant:
(i) The employees‟ salaries and wages bill for the month of December 2018
amounting to N6.5billion was outstanding at the end of the year.
(ii) The following information was extracted from the unit in charge of
accounting for property, plant and equipment (PPE): 100 sets of HP
computers were received from Koko Computers Limited to assist the State
government to eradicate ghost workers from the payroll- the HP series
P1120, 2016 model. Based on this information, a call was made to three of
their computer suppliers to find out the current price of the HP P1120. Two of
the suppliers quoted N450,000 each, while one quoted N500,500 each.
Based on this information, the fair value of the computers, were taken as
N500,000 each.
(iii) The government during the year received an asset valuation report from the
Asset Valuation Committee that was set up to carry out the valuation of the
old assets and liabilities of the State.
(iv) The following values were recommended and approved by the State
Executive Council respectively:

(v) Pension and gratuity of N15 billion was outstanding at the end of the year
(vi) Some of the accounting policies adopted by the government for depreciation
include the following rates;

(vii) During the year, one of the contractors took the State to court for breach of
contract. The case was still in court as at the end of the year and from all
indications, judgment will eventually be in his favour. The legal adviser
estimated the judgment debt to be N50million.
(viii) Value of office consumables based on inventory sheet as at December 31,
2018 was N550million.
(ix) The following expenses were incurred but not settled as at end of the year.

(x) An extract from the foreign loan amortisation schedule indicates that a total
sum of N32billion comprising principal and interest of N2billion was due
and paid during the year. Also domestic loan of N13billion comprising
principal and interest of N1billion was paid during the year. The interest
payable on domestic and external loans at the end of the year amounted to
N3billion and N5 billion respectively.
(xi) The investment of 10% treasury bills for 360 days was due to mature on
January 1, 2018 and reinvested immediately for another term.
(xii) The revolving loan attracts interest of 4% per annum and it is paid along
with the principal.
Required:
a. In line with the provisions of IPSAS 33, explain how the following revenue
from exchange transactions should be recognised:
i. Aid and grants receivable as at December 31, 2015 (2 Marks)

ii. Debt forgiveness approved on or after January 1, 2016 (2 Marks)
iii. Personal income tax on or after January 1, 2016 (2 Marks)
b. Prepare in vertical form:
i. Statement of financial performance for the year December 31, 2018.
(17 Marks)
ii. Statement of financial position for the year December 31, 2018.
(17 Marks)
(Total 40 Marks)

 

 

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q3 – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Explains the term "agricultural activity," determination of fair value, and the accounting treatment for biological assets and agricultural produce.

IPSAS 27 deals with the accounting treatment and disclosures in relation to agricultural practice.

Required:

a. Explain the term “agricultural activity.” (5 Marks)

b. Explain how the fair value of a biological asset or agricultural produce is determined. (8 Marks)

c. Identify TWO ways in which an entity should recognize a biological asset or agricultural produce. (3 Marks)

d. Explain the accounting treatment of gains or losses arising from a biological asset or agricultural produce. (4 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Accounting policies for cash and accrual-based accounting systems

Explains the assertion that cash basis information can be derived from accrual basis accounting and discusses how accrual accounting provides superior cash information.

In a recent meeting held to discuss the implementation of accrual basis of accounting in your entity, the principal spending officer was apprehensive about how the change from cash basis to accrual basis would impact on accountability for cash. The Director of Finance convinced him that accrual basis provides much superior cash information about the entity and therefore there is no need to be concerned about the transition from cash accounting to accrual accounting. He further stated that “cash basis information could be derived from accrual basis accounting”.

Required:
i) Explain the assertion that “cash basis information can be derived from accrual basis accounting” as stated by the Director of Finance. (4 marks)
ii) Discuss how accrual accounting provides superior cash information about an entity. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – March 2024 – L2 – Q2 – Preparation of Financial Statements for Central Government

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance, Statement of Financial Position, and Statement of Budget Information for a central government department based on the given trial balance.

The following Trial Balance was extracted from the records of the Department of Social Integration, a central government department, for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Additional Information:

  1. The Department prepares its financial statements in compliance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards, the Public Financial Management Act 2016, Act 921, and the Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.
  2. Included in printing materials and stationery is a closing inventory valued at cost of GH¢380,000. The estimated net realizable value and replacement cost of the inventory are GH¢320,000 and GH¢330,000 respectively. The printing is not for commercial purposes.
  3. In June 2023, the government conducted a massive recruitment into the civil services, of which 20 employees were posted to the Department. However, they have not been paid salaries for the period. The amount owed to these employees is GH¢2,500,000 and this should be reflected in the financial statement of the period.
  4. The Department currently pays rent for two of its Regional Offices, and at the end of the year rent of GH¢200,000 was outstanding. Further, the Department also rented part of its premises at the Headquarters. At the end of the financial year, an amount of GH¢150,000 was received to cover 2024 rent. Meanwhile, GH¢20,000 rent has not been received from tenants for the year 2023. These transactions have not been accounted for.
  5. Depreciation of fixed assets is charged on a straight-line basis as follows:
Assets Estimated useful life (in years)
Motor vehicle 5 years
Furniture 4 years
Computers 3 years
Premises 20 years
  1. It was revealed that computer accessories costing GH¢340,000 acquired in 2022 were accounted for as goods and services. However, the Auditor for the 2023 financial year recommended that the transaction should be accounted for as a non-current asset. The recommendation is yet to be implemented.
  2. The budget extract of the Department for 2023 is as follows:
Item GH¢’000
Approved budget allocation 20,000
Internally generated fund 3,000
Donor support 1,000
Compensation for employees 10,000
Use of Goods and Services 6,000
Other expenses 5,500

Required: Prepare in compliance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards, the Public Financial Management Act 2016, and the Chart of Accounts of Ghana: a) A Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2023.

b) A Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023.

c) A Separate Statement of Budget Information in comparison with the Actuals for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Dec 2023 – L2 – Q1b – General purpose financial reporting framework

Explain five qualitative characteristics that financial statements should satisfy according to IPSAS.

The Financial Statements and budget information presented below were submitted to the Finance and Administration Committee of Ghana Library Authority (GLA) on 30 April 2022 for consideration. The Committee was concerned about the delay in submitting the financial information. They reasoned that it might not be useful for decision-making.

GLA
Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2020

Item Actual (GH¢’000) Budget (GH¢’000)
Revenues
GoG Subvention 170,500 152,050
Internally Generated Fund 58,500 93,650
Donations and grants 17,000 12,500
Total Revenues 246,000 258,200
Expenses
Compensation for employees 159,200 150,000
Use of goods and services 57,000 72,500
Consumption of fixed assets 6,500 –
Interest 4,500 4,700
Other expenses – 3,700
Total Expenses 227,200 230,900
Net operating result 18,800 27,300

GLA
Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020

Item GH¢’000
Non-Current Assets
Property, plant and equipment 600,000
Investment 150,000
Total Non-Current Assets 750,000
Current Assets
Receivables 11,500
Cash and Bank 105,000
Total Current Assets 116,500
Total Assets 866,500
Liabilities and Funds
Loans 450,000
Payables 53,000
Accumulated fund 363,500
Total Liabilities and Funds 866,500

Required:
With reference to IPSAS Conceptual Framework, explain FIVE (5) Qualitative Characteristics that the above Financial Statements should have satisfied before it can be considered useful for decision-making and for exercising accountability. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Preparation and presentation of financial statements for covered entities

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance, Statement of Financial Position, and Notes to the Accounts for a Municipal Hospital based on the provided trial balance and additional information.

Kologo Municipal Hospital is a Public Hospital established in the Upper East Region, which serves several communities. Its Trial Balance for the year ended 31 December 2020 is provided below.

Trial Balance as at 31 December 2020

Additional Information

i) The hospital’s policy is to apply the Accrual Basis of Accounting in preparing its Financial Statements in compliance with the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921), Public Financial Management Regulation 2019 L.I 2378, and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).

ii) The hospital purchased equipment at the cost of GH¢200,000 on 1 April 2020.

iii) A new equipment valuing GH¢100,000 was donated to the hospital on 1 July 2020. The equipment was assessed to have a useful life of ten (10) years. This has not yet been accounted for in the Trial Balance.

iv) The Fixed Deposit attracts an interest of 15% per annum.

v) Inventory of drugs as at 31 December 2020 amounted to GH¢95,000,000 at cost and had a net realizable value of GH¢110,000,000 but its replacement cost is GH¢78,000,000. In addition, stationery stock as at 31 December 2020 cost GH¢28,000,000 and has a replacement cost of GH¢25,000,000 with an estimated net realizable value of GH¢35,000,000.

vi) Redundancy pay outstanding as at the end of the year amounted to GH¢25,950,000.

vii) Provision for undertaking is estimated at 10%.

viii) The hospital currently owes Healer Pharmaceuticals for Drugs amounting to GH¢1,950,000 supplied to the hospital during the years 2020 and 2021 in respect of the following months:

  • November 2020: GH¢820,000
  • December 2020: GH¢610,000
  • January 2021: GH¢520,000
  • Totals: GH¢1,950,000

ix) Consumption of Fixed Assets is charged on a straight-line basis with time apportionment in the year of acquisition.

  • Asset | Useful life
    • Laboratory Equipment | 20 years
    • Building | 50 years
    • Motor Vehicles | 10 years
    • Software | 5 years

Required:

Prepare in compliance with the IPSAS and relevant legislation:

a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2020.
(8 marks)

b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020.
(8 marks)

c) Notes to the Accounts.
(4 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

PSAF – May 2020 – L1 – Q5c – General purpose financial reporting framework

Explain the qualitative characteristics of GPFR based on observations of a public sector entity’s financial report.

Below are some observations made after an assessment of the General-Purpose Financial Report (GPFR) prepared by a public sector entity in 2018:

i) Not only were transactions not treated in accordance with the IPSAS, some were omitted unknowingly.
ii) In presenting the financial performance, position, and cash flow for the current financial year, 2018, the accountant has also provided information on the current year’s budget.
iii) Investment amounting to GH¢1,000,000 in short-term security reported in the financial position lacks supporting documents even though the investment may exist.
iv) The financial report was dated 30 June 2019, which is an improvement over the previous years, which was signed in September 2018.

Required:
In line with the Conceptual Framework for GPFR by public sector entity:
Explain the qualitative characteristics of GPFR for each observation in (i) to (iv) above and explain how each of the observations affects the usefulness of the GPFRs to the users.
(5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – May 2020 – L1 – Q1d – General purpose financial reporting framework

Explain the connection between the Conceptual Framework, IPSAS, and RPGs, and illustrate a practical case where the Conceptual Framework is useful.

Some accountants hold the view that development of a Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting (simply, the Conceptual Framework) in the Public Sector is needless and a mere information overload on the Accountants. This argument is predicated on the fact that the Conceptual Framework does not establish authoritative requirements for financial reporting by public sector entities that adopt IPSAS, nor does it override the requirements of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) or the Recommended Practice Guides (RPGs).

Required:
i) Explain the connection between the Conceptual Framework on one hand and IPSAS and RPGs on the other hand.
(2 marks)

ii) Illustrate a practical case where the Conceptual Framework would be useful to an accountant in the preparation and presentation of a General Purpose Financial Report for his organization.
(4 marks)

iii) Explain TWO (2) constraints on information included in the General Purpose Financial Reports.
(4 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2020 – L1 – Q2 – Preparation and presentation of financial statements for central government

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance, Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Budget Information, and Notes to the financial statements for Damsa Municipal Assembly.

Below is the extract from the records of Damsa Municipal Assembly (DMA).

Additional Information:

  1. The central government has a constitutional responsibility to pay all established post salaries of the Assembly from the Consolidated Fund. The established post salaries paid by the central government on behalf of the assembly for 2019 amounted to GH¢64,000,000. This payment has not reflected in the books of DMA.
  2. Office consumables in respect of stationery and other items bought for GH¢1,800,000 remained unused during the year. The current replacement cost of the inventories is GH¢1,050,000. Meanwhile, the net realizable value of the inventories is estimated at GH¢1,400,000. No market exists for unused office consumables and other items.
  3. Consumption of fixed capital is to be charged as follows:
    • Motor vehicles: 5 years
    • Furniture and fittings: 5 years
    • Premises: 10 years
    • Equipment: 8 years
  4. During the year, the following assets were acquired and outright payments made for them: Motor Vehicle GH¢7,000,000; Equipment GH¢4,000,000. These have been accounted for.
  5. DMA could not pay the electricity bill for the last quarter of 2019. This was brought to its attention by the Electricity Company Ltd. of Ghana. The amount involved is GH¢4,000,000.
  6. The government has assigned some young graduates to DMA as part of the Nation Builders Corp programme to support the Assembly in revenue mobilisation. The allowances amounting to GH¢2,000,000 due them from DMA for the last month of the year was outstanding. DMA promises to pay them by the end of the first quarter of 2020.
  7. Fixed deposit attracts interest of 20% per annum and some interest is due as at 31 December 2019.
  8. The market store fees received were for two years: 2019-2020.
  9. During the year, the chiefs and people of the Assembly donated a new vehicle valued at GH¢400,000 to the DMA. No record was made in the books.
  10. Extract of the 2019 Budget of the DMA is as follows:
    Decentralised transfer 185,000
    Compensation of employees 74,300
    Goods and Services 35,600
    Other expenses 1,700
    Internally Generated Funds 102,000
    Donations and grants 1,000

Required: Prepare in accordance with the IPSAS and the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921): a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2019.
(5 marks)

b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019.
(5 marks)

c) Statement of Budget Information in Comparison with Actuals for the year ended 31 December 2019.
(5 marks)

d) Notes to the financial statements.
(5 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – April 2022 – L2 – Q5 – Accounting policies for cash and accrual-based accounting systems

Explain constitutional provisions on budgeting, the concept and benefits of Citizen’s Budget, the role of budget guidelines, and how to address financial transactions not covered by IPSAS.

a) Budgeting is an essential element of Public Financial Management and it is a requirement of the Constitution and other Public Financial Management enactments. Budgeting is a process that requires the engagement and participation of citizens for accountability purposes. The prime objective of budgeting is to set out the financial plans of government for the ensuing year and how government plans and programs will be financed.

Required:
i) Explain TWO (2) provisions in the 1992 Constitution relating to budgeting. (4 marks)

ii) Explain Citizen’s Budget and identify THREE (3) of its benefits in Public Financial Management. (5 marks)

iii) Explain the role of budget guidelines in budgeting and identify FOUR (4) items of information to be expected in a budget guideline. (6 marks)

b) A Public Sector entity that applies IPSAS is currently faced with a particular financial transaction for which no IPSAS exists for dealing with the issue. The management is undecided on the choice of accounting policy to apply.

Required:
Discuss how the matter can be dealt with by the management of the entity. (5 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

PSAF – May 2020 – L1 – Q1a – Accounting policies for cash and accrual-based accounting systems

Discusses the differences between cash accounting policies and accrual accounting policies concerning their recognition and treatment in financial statements for various accounting elements.

Cash accounting policies and accrual accounting policies, when applied respectively to the same transaction or events of the same entity, will produce different pictures of the financial performance, position, and cash flow information of the entity. Thus, the choice of alternative policies needs to be given much consideration. The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) permits the use of cash accounting policies whilst encouraging the application of accrual accounting policies in the preparation of financial reports for the public sector.

Required:
Discuss the difference between cash accounting policies and accrual accounting policies in terms of recognition and/or treatment of the following in the Financial Statements: i) Revenue
ii) Capital asset
iii) Allowances and provisions
iv) Contingent liability

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – Apr 2022 – L2 – Q2a – Preparation and presentation of financial statements for central government

Prepare the financial statements for a public transport corporation in compliance with IPSAS and relevant legislations.

Citizen Transport Corporation (CTC) is a Public Transportation company in Ghana, which seeks to provide reliable and affordable means of transport for commuters within villages, towns, and cities as well as provide intercity movement and transport consultancy services.

The following financial information relates to CTC, as at 31 December, 2020:

Additional information:

  1. CTC uses an accrual accounting basis in the preparation of its Financial Statements in line with the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921), Public Financial Management Regulation 2019 L.I 2378, and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).
  2. The loan in the trial balance represents funds advanced by the Government from the Consolidated Fund to CTC to procure a fleet of buses in 2010. The repayment of the Loan was scheduled to end in 2015. However, due to liquidity challenges facing the corporation, the Loan is still outstanding. On the basis of this, the Minister of Finance after assessing the liquidity profile of CTC, made a specific provision for Bad Debt on Loans Receivable by waiving 50% of the loan outstanding. This was made in line with Section 53 of the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921).
  3. Provision is to be made for Interest on the remaining Loan.
  4. Salaries and other emoluments outstanding during the year amounted to GH¢12,500,000 while that of use of goods and services other than workshop and seminars amounted to GH¢15,750,000.
  5. Inventories included in use of goods and services available at the end of the year were as follows:
Spare Parts GH¢’ 000
Historical Cost 900,000
Replacement Cost 802,000
Net Realisable Value 995,000
  1. In 2019, CTC bought a Machinery amounting to GH¢30,000,000. This amount was wrongly recognized in the 2019 Financial Statement as an expense instead of an Asset. However, this Machine is still in use.
  2. CTC uses a straight-line basis in depreciating their Capital Assets. Assets and their useful life details are provided below:
Assets Useful Life
Plant and Machinery 15 years
Motor Vehicle 20 years
Building 30 years
Software 10 years
  1. CTC plans to change its accounting policy in the recognition, measurement, presentation, or disclosure of inventory in the financial statements. This will be done in line with IPSAS 3: Accounting policies, Changes in Estimate, and Errors.

Required:
In compliance with IPSAS and relevant legislations, prepare for CTC:

a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2020. (9 marks)

b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020. (7 marks)

c) Explain TWO (2) Guiding Principles for formulating accounting policy. (2 marks)

d) Explain TWO (2) Conditions that mandate a change in accounting policy. (2 marks)

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