Question Tag: Goodwill

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q4 – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Advise on the correct accounting treatment for transactions involving contracts, licences, and purchase of components.

Dango Plc is a conglomerate company operating in Nigeria with diverse interests across Africa. It prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards with a year-end of September 30. The following transactions relate to Dango Plc.

(a) In February 2016, Dango Plc won a significant new contract to supply large quantities of rice to the government of Guyama, a small West African country, for the next two years. Under the terms of the arrangement, payment is made in cash on delivery once goods have been cleared by customs. The rice will be delivered in batches four (4) times every year, on April 1, July 1, October 1, and January 1. The batches for April 1, 2016, and July 1, 2016, amounting to N250 million and N380 million respectively, were delivered and paid. Dango incurred significant costs on customs duties for the first batch of delivery. The October 1 batch, valued at N520 million, was shipped prior to the year-end but delivered and paid for on October 1, 2016.

(b) On October 1, 2010, a 12-year licence was awarded to Dango Plc by the Federal Government to be the sole manufacturer of a chemical used in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. The licence was recognised on that date at its fair value of N196 million. The award of the licence motivated Dango Plc in 2011 to purchase a division of another Nigerian competitor company making similar products. Goodwill of N240 million was recognised on the purchase of the division. Dango Plc merged the activities of the newly acquired division with its own to create a specialist chemical sub-division, which it now classifies as a separate cash-generating unit. By 2016, the revenue of this cash-generating unit now amounts to 5% of the Group’s revenue.

(c) Dango Plc buys raw materials from overseas suppliers. It has recently taken delivery of 1,000 units of component X, used in the production of chemicals. The quoted price of component X was N1,200 per unit, but Dango Plc has negotiated a trade discount of 5% due to the size of the order. The supplier offers an early settlement discount of 2% for payment within 30 days, and Dango Plc intends to achieve this. Import duties of N60 per unit must be paid before the goods are released through customs. Once the goods are released, Dango Plc must pay a delivery cost of N5,000 to have the components taken to its warehouse.

Required:
Write a report to the directors advising them on the correct accounting treatment of the above transactions in the financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2016, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standards.

Note: You may consider the relevance of the following standards to the transactions: IAS 20, IAS 2, IAS 38, IFRS 3, and IFRS 15.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q3c – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Allocate an impairment loss across assets in a cash-generating unit based on IAS 36.

A cash-generating unit holds the following assets:

Asset Value (N’Million)
Goodwill 160
Patent 320
Property, Plant and Equipment 480

An annual impairment review is required as the cash-generating unit contains goodwill. The most recent review assesses its recoverable amount to be N720 million. An impairment loss of N240 million has been incurred and has been recognised in profit or loss.

Required:
Show how the value of the assets held by the cash-generating unit will change after the impairment test based on the information provided above.

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  • 30 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation (IAS 21)

Assess functional currency and prepare a consolidated statement of financial position under IFRS.

Rapuya Plc. is a Nigerian public limited company operating in the mining industry. The draft Statements of Financial Position of Rapuya Plc., and its two subsidiaries, Puta Limited and Soma Limited as at April 30, 2017, are as follows:

The following information is relevant to the preparation of the group financial statements:

(i) On May 1, 2016, Rapuya acquired 52% of the ordinary shares of Soma Limited, a foreign subsidiary. The retained earnings of Soma Limited on this date were 220 million defas. The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Soma Limited on May 1, 2016, was 990 million defas. The excess of the fair value over the net assets of Soma Limited is due to an increase in the value of non-depreciable land.

Rapuya Plc. wishes to use the ‘full goodwill’ method to consolidate the financial statements of Soma. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Soma Limited at May 1, 2016, was 500 million defas.

Soma Limited is located in Tome, a small country in West Africa, and operates a mine. The income of Soma Limited is denominated and settled in defas. The output of the mine is routinely traded in defas, and its price is determined initially by local supply and demand. Soma Limited pays 30% of its costs and expenses in naira, with the remainder being incurred locally and settled in defas. Soma’s management has a considerable degree of authority and autonomy in carrying out the operations of Soma Limited and is not dependent upon group companies for financial support. The Finance Controller is not certain from the above whether the defas or naira should be taken as the functional currency of Soma Limited.

There have been no issues of ordinary shares and no impairment of goodwill since acquisition.

(ii) Also on May 1, 2016, Rapuya Plc. had acquired 70% of the equity interests of Puta Limited. The purchase consideration amounted to N226 million, which Rapuya Plc. paid through bank transfer in compliance with the cashless policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria. The fair value of the identifiable net assets recognized by Puta Limited was N240 million, excluding the patent below. The identifiable net assets of Puta Limited at May 1, 2016, included a brand with a fair value of N8 million. This had not been recognized in the financial statements of Puta Limited. The brand is estimated to have a useful life of four years. The retained earnings of Puta Limited were N98 million, and other components of equity were N6 million at the date of acquisition. The remaining excess of the fair value of the net assets is due to an increase in the value of non-depreciable land.

Rapuya Plc. wishes to use the ‘full goodwill’ method in consolidating the financial statements of this subsidiary. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Puta Limited was N92 million on May 1, 2016. There have been no issues of ordinary shares since acquisition, and goodwill on acquisition is not impaired.

(iii) The following exchange rates are relevant for the preparation of the group financial statements:

Defas to Naira Exchange Rate
May 1, 2016 3:1
April 30, 2017 2.5:1
Average for year to April 30, 2017 2.9:1

Required:

(a) Advise the Finance Controller on what currency should be taken as the functional currency of Soma Limited, applying the principles set out in IAS 21 – The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. (5 Marks)

(b) Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position of the Rapuya Group as at April 30, 2017, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). (Show all workings) (25 Marks)

(Total: 30 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Bata Plc and subsidiaries; explain IAS 21 principles for translating foreign subsidiaries.

a. Bata Plc, which operates in the manufacturing sector, has been surviving the challenges operating in the Nigerian economic environment. The draft Statements of Financial Position of Bata Plc and its subsidiaries as at October 31, 2016, are as follows:

Bata N’million Jewe N’million Gaba N’million
Non-current assets Property, plant, and equipment 4,320 360 420
Investments in subsidiaries 1,110 600 –
Financial assets 500 – –
Total Non-current assets 5,930 960 420
Current assets 1,050 570 540
Total assets 6,980 1,530 960
Equity Share capital – N1 ordinary shares 2,400 600 300
Retained earnings 3,410 540 390
Other components of equity 450 – –
Total equity 6,260 1,140 690
Current liabilities 720 390 270
Total liabilities and equity 6,980 1,530 960

Additional Information:

  1. Acquisition of Subsidiaries:
    • Bata Plc acquired 60% of the share capital of Jewe Plc on November 1, 2012, and 10% of Gaba Plc on November 1, 2013. The costs of the combinations were N852 million and N258 million, respectively.
    • Jewe Plc acquired 70% of the share capital of Gaba Plc on November 1, 2013.
  2. Retained Earnings Balances:
Date Jewe Plc (N’million) Gaba Plc (N’million)
November 1, 2012 270 –
November 1, 2013 360 240
  1. Fair Value Adjustments:
    • At acquisition dates, the fair value of the net assets was N930 million for Jewe Plc and N660 million for Gaba Plc. The difference in the fair value and book value relates to non-depreciable land.
    • The fair value of non-controlling interest (NCI) was N390 million for Jewe Plc and N330 million for Gaba Plc. Bata Plc adopts the full goodwill method under IFRS 3 to account for NCI.
  2. Impairment Testing:
    • Jewe Plc suffered an impairment loss of N60 million.
    • Gaba Plc did not suffer any impairment loss.
  3. Intra-group Inventory Sales:
    • During the year ended October 31, 2016, Bata Plc sold inventory to Jewe Plc and Gaba Plc.
    • The invoiced prices of the inventories were N480 million and N360 million, respectively.
    • Bata Plc invoices goods to achieve a markup of 25% on cost to all third parties, including group companies.
    • At the year-end, half of the inventory sold to Jewe Plc remained unsold, but the entire inventory sold to Gaba Plc had been sold to third parties.
  4. Financial Asset:
    • Bata Plc purchased a deep discount bond for N500 million on November 1, 2015.
    • The bonds will be redeemed in 3 years for N740.75 million and are carried at amortized cost in line with IAS 39.
    • The Accountant has not passed the correct entries to reflect amortized cost valuation at year-end, and the financial asset is shown at N500 million.

Compound sum of N1: (1 + r)^n

Year 12% 14%
1 1.1200 1.1400
2 1.2544 1.2996
3 1.4049 1.4815
4 1.5735 1.6890

Required:

  1. Prepare a Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Bata Plc and its subsidiaries as at October 31, 2016.       (25 Marks)
  2. Explain to the directors of Bata Plc how the assets, liabilities, income, and expenses of a foreign subsidiary, including the resulting goodwill, are translated for consolidation purposes under IAS 21. (5 Marks)

(Total: 30 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – May 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for a group with a foreign subsidiary and inter-company transactions as at September 30, 2017.

Oyin Plc. a Nigerian company acquired 960 million equity share capital of Kemy Plc., a foreign subsidiary based in Brazil, on 1 October, 2015 for 1.08 billion Brazilian real (BRL). The functional and presentation currency of Kemy Plc. is the BRL. Since acquisition, Kemy Plc., has operated autonomously of Oyin group.

The statements of financial position of Oyin Plc. and Kemy Plc. as at 30 September, 2017 are as follows:

Additional Information:

  1. It is the policy of Oyin Plc. group to recognize non-controlling interest at acquisition at the proportionate share of the net assets. The retained earnings of Kemy Plc., at the date of acquisition were 390 million BRL.
  2. Kemy Plc. sells goods to Oyin Plc. at cost plus a mark-up of 33 1/3%. At 30 September, 2017, Oyin Plc. held N15 million of the goods. The goods were purchased at an exchange rate of N1 to 5 BRL. On 28 September, 2017, Oyin Plc. sent Kemy Plc., a payment for N15 million to clear the intra-group payables. Kemy received and recorded the cash on 2 October, 2017.
  3. On 1 October, 2016, Kemy Plc. purchased a leasehold building for 375 million BRL, taking out a loan note payable after five years to finance the purchase. The estimated useful life of the building on 1 October, 2016 was 25 years with no estimated residual value. The building is to be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The building was professionally revalued at 450 million BRL on 30 September, 2017 and the directors have included the revalued amount in the statement of financial position.Both companies adopt a policy of revaluation for their properties. There was no difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the property of Oyin Plc. at 30 September, 2017.
  4. Exchange Rates:
Date BRL to N1
1 October, 2015 6.0
30 September, 2015 5.5
30 September, 2017 5.0
Average for the year to 30 September, 2016 5.2

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Oyin group at 30 September, 2017.

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  • 12 Marks

CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4 – Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

Evaluate the impact of restructuring plans on individual and group accounts for Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries.

Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are both public limited companies wholly owned by Tanimo PLC, also a public limited company. Tanimo group PLC operates in the agro-allied industry; but the directors felt that the current structure does not serve their intended purpose and are therefore considering two different restructuring plans for the group.

The statements of financial position of Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC as at May 31, 2021, are as follows:

Statements of Financial Position as at May 31, 2021

Item Tanimo PLC (Nm) Emili PLC (Nm) Wagbo PLC (Nm)
Property, Plant, and Equipment 600 200 45
Cost of Investment in Emili PLC 60 – –
Cost of Investment in Wagbo PLC 70 – –
Net Current Assets 160 100 20
Total Assets 890 300 65
Equity & Liabilities:
Share Capital (Ordinary Shares of N1 each) 120 60 40
Retained Earnings 770 240 25
Total Equity & Liabilities 890 300 65

Tanimo PLC acquired the investment in Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, when the company’s retained earnings balance was N20 million. The fair value of the net assets of Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, was N60 million.

Emili PLC was incorporated by Tanimo PLC on June 1, 2015, and has always been a wholly owned subsidiary. The fair value of the net assets of Emili PLC as at May 31, 2021, was N310 million, and of Wagbo PLC, it was N80 million. The fair values of the net current assets of both Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are approximately the same as their carrying amounts.

The directors are not certain what effects the following plans would have on the individual accounts of the companies and the group accounts. Local companies’ legislation requires that the amount at which share capital is recorded is dictated by the nominal value of the shares issued, and if the value of the consideration received exceeds that amount, the excess is recorded in the share premium account. Shares cannot be issued at a discount. In the case of a share-for-share exchange, the value of the consideration can be deemed to be the carrying amount of the investment exchanged.

It is the group’s policy to value non-controlling interests at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

The two different plans to restructure the group are as follows:

  1. Plan 1
    • Emili PLC is to purchase the whole of Tanimo’s PLC investment in Wagbo PLC.
    • The directors are undecided as to whether the purchase consideration should be 50 million N1 ordinary shares of Emili PLC or a cash amount of N75 million.
  2. Plan 2
    • The assets and trade of Wagbo PLC are to be transferred to Emili PLC at their carrying amount.
    • Wagbo PLC would initially become a non-trading company.
    • The consideration for the transfer will be N60 million, which will be left outstanding on the intercompany account between Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC.

Required:

Discuss the key considerations and the accounting implications of the above plans for the Tanimo PLC group. Your answer should show the potential impact on the individual accounts of Tanimo PLC, Emili PLC, and Wagbo PLC and the group accounts after each plan has been implemented.

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  • 26 Marks

FM – May 2023 – L3 – Q1a – Business Valuation Techniques

Evaluate ZL's valuation using multiple methods and recommend whether KK should acquire ZL. Discuss takeover regulation factors.

KK, a company quoted on the Stock Exchange, has cash balance of ₦230 million which are currently invested in short-term money market deposits. The cash is intended to be used primarily for strategic acquisitions, and the company has formed an acquisition committee with a remit to identify possible acquisition targets. The committee has suggested the purchase of ZL, a company in a different industry that is quoted on the AIM (Alternative Investment Market). Although ZL is quoted, approximately 50% of its shares are still owned by three directors. These directors have stated that they might be prepared to recommend the sale of ZL, but they consider that its shares are worth ₦220 million in total.

Summarised financial data:

Economic data:

  • Risk-free rate of return: 6% p.a.
  • Market return: 14% p.a.
  • Inflation rate: 2.4% p.a., expected to remain stable.

Expected effects of the acquisition:

  1. 50 employees of ZL would immediately be made redundant at an after-tax cost of ₦12 million. Pre-tax annual wage savings are expected to be ₦7.50 million (at current prices) for the foreseeable future.
  2. Some land and buildings of ZL would be sold for ₦8 million (after tax).
  3. Pre-tax advertising and distribution savings of ₦1.50 million per year (at current prices) would be possible.
  4. The three existing directors of ZL would each be paid ₦1 million per year for three years for consultancy services. This amount would not increase with inflation.

Required:

a. Calculate the value of ZL based upon:
i. The use of comparative P/E ratios (3 Marks)
ii. The dividend valuation model (4 Marks)
iii. The present value of relevant operating cash flows over a 10-year period (10 Marks)
iv. Provide an evaluation of each of the three valuation methods in (i) to (iii) above. (7 Marks)
v. Recommend whether KK should go ahead with the offer for ZL. (2 Marks)

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  • 22 Marks

CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Omi PLC and subsidiaries.

The draft statement of financial position of Omi PLC, Ruwa Limited, and Mmili Limited as of November 30, 2020, are as follows:

Additional Information for Consolidated Financial Statements Preparation:

  1. Acquisition of Ruwa Limited:
    • Omi PLC acquired 80% of Ruwa Limited’s ordinary share capital on December 1, 2017.
    • Retained earnings of Ruwa Limited at acquisition: N400 million.
    • Fair value of Ruwa Limited’s net assets: N2,840 million.
    • Any fair value adjustment pertains to net current assets, which had been realized by November 30, 2020.
    • No new issue of shares occurred in the group since the establishment of the current structure.
  2. Acquisition of Mmili Limited:
    • On December 1, 2018, Omi PLC acquired 40% and Ruwa Limited acquired 25% of Mmili Limited’s ordinary share capital.
    • Retained earnings of Mmili Limited at acquisition: N200 million.
    • Retained earnings of Ruwa Limited at acquisition: N600 million.
    • No revaluation surplus existed in Mmili Limited’s books at acquisition, and the fair value of Mmili Limited’s net assets was consistent with their carrying amount.
  3. Development Costs:
    • Significant expenditure incurred on developing internet products. These were initially written off but later reinstated as development inventories upon commercial use.
    • Costs do not meet the recognition criteria of IAS 38 – Intangible Assets.
    • Ruwa Limited included N80 million of these costs in its inventory, of which N20 million relates to expenses from periods before December 1, 2017.
    • The group wishes to ensure compliance with IFRS for this treatment.
  4. Internet Equipment:
    • Ruwa Limited purchased new internet equipment for N200 million, excluding a trade discount of N24 million.
    • The discount was recorded in the income statement.
    • Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over six years.
  5. Property, Plant, and Equipment Policy:
    • The group transitioned from the revaluation model to the cost model under IAS 16 – Property, Plant, and Equipment in 2020.
    • Mmili Limited’s assets were revalued on December 1, 2019, creating a revaluation surplus of N280 million.
    • Mmili Limited’s property was originally purchased in December 2018 for N1,200 million, with depreciation over six years.
    • The group does not transfer excess depreciation from revaluation reserves to retained earnings.
  6. Valuation of Non-controlling Interests:
    • The group values non-controlling interests at acquisition using their proportionate share of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.
  7. Defined Benefit Pension Scheme:
    • Omi PLC established a defined benefit pension scheme, contributing N400 million to it.
    • Details as of November 30, 2020:
      • Present value of obligation: N520 million.
      • Fair value of plan assets: N500 million.
      • Current service cost: N440 million.
      • Interest cost (scheme liabilities): N80 million.
      • Expected return on pension assets: N40 million.
      • Actuarial gain: N60 million.
    • The only recorded entry was the cash contribution, included in Omi PLC’s trade receivables.
    • Directors propose recognizing actuarial gain immediately in the statement of profit or loss.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Omi Group for the year ended November 30, 2020, in accordance with relevant IFRS.

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare consolidated financial position of Makoko Group for the year ended Dec 31, 2021, and discuss accounting implications of significant influence.

Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited is a global merchant of cash crops. A policy of strategic acquisitions over the years has placed the company in a position to source for export products competitively. The lockdown arising from the recent pandemic posed a significant challenge for the export of their products throughout the year 2020. At a board meeting to review the performance of the company for that year and discuss the impact of the pandemic, the Managing Director noted the significant drop in the general performance indices. In order to get a greater market presence and higher demand locally, the board decided to acquire the following investments on January 1, 2021:

  • 60% of the equity share of Ojodu Limited;
  • 50% of 10% loan notes of Ojodu Ltd at par;
  • 40% stake in the ordinary shares of Egbeda Confectioneries Limited.

In the opinion of the board, both Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectioneries Limited are the biggest local customers of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited and a control through shareholding would give the investing company greater stake in the operational decisions of the investee companies. Importantly, it would also boost revenue by allowing unrestricted access to local markets. It is believed that this will forestall any adverse impact of further lockdowns that may hinder export sales in the future.

The draft financial statements of the companies for the year are as follows:

Statements of financial position as at December 31, 2021

Additional Information:

  1. Makoko Limited paid N90 million for the acquisition of Ojodu Limited when the retained earnings of Ojodu Limited were N13 million.
  2. The fair value of Ojodu’s freehold property was N6.5 million higher than the carrying amount as at the date of acquisition. This valuation has not been reflected in the books of Ojodu Limited.
  3. Makoko Limited paid N41 million for the shareholding in Egbeda Limited when the retained earnings of Egbeda Limited were N12 million.
  4. An impairment test as at December 31, 2021 showed that goodwill was impaired by N3.5 million and the investment in Egbeda Limited was impaired by N0.8 million.
  5. During the year, Makoko Limited sold products to Egbeda Limited at a price of N8 million. These goods had cost Makoko Limited N5 million. Half of the goods were still in the inventory of Egbeda Limited as at December 31, 2021.
  6. The companies issued share capital has not changed since the date of acquisition.
  7. No dividends were paid during the year.
  8. Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are to be measured at the appropriate proportion of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

Required: a. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Makoko Group for the year ended December 31, 2021. (20 Marks)

b. The Directors of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited are concerned about getting significant influence, if not absolute control, of all entities they intend to buy into. The five-year strategic plan of the company (2020 – 2024) focuses on having control of the cash crops segment of the agribusiness sector of the economy. This is in order to make them ready to roll out the next developmental phase of the business, which is to migrate from exporting raw products to finished products for industrial and household use.

Towards this goal, the board requires the Group Accountant to make a presentation on the accounting implications of gaining significant influence in another entity.

Required: Discuss the issues involved in the requirements of the Board as specified above. (5 Marks)

c. A friend to the Chief Accountant of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited, who is a consultant to Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectionaries Limited, is requesting for information on the new acquisitions from his friend, the Chief Accountant.

Required: Identify the ethical issues involved in the above scenarios and their implications. (5 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

CR – Apr 2022 – L3 – Q2a – Impairment of assets, IAS 36

Discuss the significance of three factors affecting impairment testing under IAS 36, including market capitalization and allocation of goodwill.

An assessment of accounting practices for asset impairments is important in the context of financial reporting quality, especially during periods of economic uncertainty. The exercise of management judgment in impairment accounting is crucial. There are several factors that can influence the quality of impairment accounting and disclosures, including changes in circumstances, market capitalization, and the allocation of goodwill to cash-generating units.

Required:
Discuss the significance of the THREE (3) factors above when conducting an impairment test under IAS 36: Impairment of Assets.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Apr 2022 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated financial statements, Business combinations and consolidation,

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for a group of companies considering complex adjustments for goodwill, impairments, and non-controlling interests.

Below are the statements of financial position for three companies as of 31 July 2021:

Statements of Financial Position as at 31 July 2021 Papa Plc GH¢’million Mama Plc GH¢’million Bebe Plc GH¢’million
Non-current assets:
Property, plant, and equipment 3,888 1,680 1,224
Investments 3,560 2,600 200
Total non-current assets 7,448 4,280 1,424
Current assets:
Inventories 1,080 368 300
Trade receivables 1,376 416 100
Cash & bank 368 104 64
Total current assets 2,824 888 464
Total assets 10,272 5,168 1,888
Equity:
Share capital of GH¢1 each 4,000 1,200 640
Revaluation surplus 2,400 960 400
Retained earnings 1,432 800 760
Total equity 7,832 2,960 1,800
Current liabilities:
Trade payables 1,144 1,080 56
Taxation 1,296 1,128 32
Total current liabilities 2,440 2,208 88
Total equity and liabilities 10,272 5,168 1,888

Additional information:

  1. Papa Plc bought 720 million shares in Mama Plc on 1 August 2019 at GH¢2.50 per share in cash. On that date, Mama’s retained earnings were GH¢480 million, and net assets equaled their carrying amounts except for property, plant, and equipment, which had a fair value excess of GH¢320 million.
  2. Papa implements a policy of carrying property, plant, and equipment at fair values across group companies from the date of acquisition.
  3. On 1 August 2020, Mama bought 512 million shares in Bebe Plc. The consideration was GH¢3 per share in cash with an additional payment of GH¢1 per share due on 31 July 2022. The fair value of the contingent consideration was GH¢320 million on 1 August 2020 and GH¢416 million on 31 July 2021. Bebe’s retained earnings were GH¢664 million, and the revaluation surplus was GH¢360 million.
  4. Bebe controls the brand “Y start,” with a fair value of GH¢40 million and a useful life of 20 years. This has not been recognized in the accounts.
  5. Papa uses the fair value method for non-controlling interests, using GH¢2.50 per share for this purpose.
  6. Goodwill impairment loss of GH¢40 million for Mama and GH¢20 million for Bebe was recognized on 31 July 2021.
  7. Mama bought goods from Bebe for GH¢16 million, with 60% unsold at year-end. These goods cost Bebe GH¢12 million.

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Papa Group as of 31 July 2021, in accordance with IFRS.

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2016 – L3 – Q2b – IAS 36: Impairment of assets

Advise on impairment effects on consolidated financial statements for various scenarios including subsidiaries, plant assets, and R&D projects.

AT Group Ltd is preparing its financial statements to 30th June 2015. The following situations have been identified by an impairment review team;

On 1st July 2014, AT Group Ltd acquired the whole share capital of two subsidiary companies, Accra Ltd and Tema Ltd, in separate acquisitions. Consolidated goodwill was calculated as follows;

Accra Ltd Tema Ltd GH¢’000 GH¢’000 Purchase Consideration 24,000 9,000 Estimated fair value of net assets (16,000) (6,000) Consolidated goodwill 8,000 3,000

i) A review of the fair value of each subsidiary’s net assets was undertaken in June 2015. Unfortunately both companies’ net assets had declined in value. The estimated value of Accra Ltd.’s net assets as at 1st July 2014 was now only GH¢15,000,000. This was due to more detailed information becoming available about the market value of its specialized properties. Tema Ltd.’s net assets were estimated to have a fair value of GH¢1,000,000 less than their carrying value. This fall was due to some physical damage occurring to its plant and machinery. (4 marks)

ii) AT Group Ltd has an item of earth moving plant, which is rented out to companies on short-term contracts. Its carrying value, based on depreciated historical cost is GH¢400,000. The estimated selling price of this asset is only GH¢250,000, with associated selling expenses of GH¢5,000. A recent review of its value in use based on its forecast future cash flows was estimated at GH¢500,000. Since this review was undertaken, there has been a dramatic increase in interest rates that has significantly increased the cost of capital used by AT Group Ltd to discount the future cash flows of the plant. (6 marks)

iii) AT Group Ltd is engaged in a research and development project to produce a new product. In the year to 30th June 2015, the company spent GH¢120,000 on research that concluded that there were sufficient grounds to carry the project on to its development stage and a further GH¢75,000 had been spent on development. At that date management having decided that they were not sufficiently confident in the ultimate profitability of the project wrote off all the expenditure to date to the income statement. In the current year further direct development costs have been incurred of GH¢80,000 and the development work is now complete with only an estimated GH¢10,000 of costs to be incurred in the future. Production is expected to commence within the next few months. Unfortunately the total trading profit from sales of the new product is not expected to be as good as market research data originally forecast and is estimated at only GH¢150,000. As the future benefits are greater than the remaining future costs, the project will be completed, but due to the overall deficit expected, the directors have again decided to write off all the development expenditure. (5 marks)

Required: Advise, with numerical illustrations where possible, how the information in (i) to (iii) above would affect the preparation of AT Group Ltd.’s consolidated financial statements to 30th June 2015.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2024 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

This question requires preparing the consolidated statement of financial position for Sankom Group, including adjustments for goodwill impairment and fair value adjustments.

Sankom Ltd (Sankom) in the last three years acquired Makpa and Biiri. The statement of financial position for the three companies as at 31 December 2023 is as follows:

Additional Information:

i) The following information relates to the acquisition of Makpa and Biiri:

  • Makpa: Date of acquisition: 1 January 2021, Shareholding percentage: 80%, Goodwill arising from the acquisition: GH¢44,800,000
  • Biiri: Date of acquisition: 30 June 2022, Shareholding percentage: 60%, Goodwill arising from the acquisition: GH¢38,400,000

ii) An upward fair value adjustment of GH¢4,400,000 was required for Makpa’s production machinery with a useful life of five years.

iii) Makpa sold goods to Biiri worth GH¢2,240,000, with a margin of 20%, and 30% of the goods were unsold by Biiri as of 31 December 2023.

iv) No impairment losses were previously recognized, but impairment reviews at 31 December 2023 indicated the recoverable amounts of the net assets of Makpa and Biiri were GH¢133,244,800 and GH¢116,544,000, respectively.

v) Sankom rented a building to Makpa at an annual rental of GH¢2,000,000, which Sankom accounted for as investment property, recognizing a fair value gain of GH¢1,200,000.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Sankom Group as at 31 December 2023.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Preparation of consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income including adjustments for NCI, goodwill, and fair value.

Below are the statements of comprehensive income of Agingo Plc (Agingo), Telemo Plc (Telemo), and Zimbo Plc (Zimbo) for the year ended 31 March 2023:

Item Agingo (GH¢000) Telemo (GH¢000) Zimbo (GH¢000)
Revenue 432,840 302,988 259,704
Cost of sales (194,778) (136,345) (116,867)
Gross profit 238,062 166,643 142,837
Operating expenses (83,322) (58,325) (49,993)
Other income 10,821 7,575 6,493
Finance cost (5,952) (4,166) (3,571)
Profit before tax 159,609 111,727 95,766
Tax (39,902) (29,927) (27,134)
Profit for the year 119,707 81,800 68,632
Other comprehensive income 6,493 5,843 –
Total comprehensive income 126,200 87,643 68,632

Additional Information:

  1. Agingo held 15% of the equity shares of Telemo and acquired an additional 45% and 10% of the loan stock during the year.
  2. Fair value adjustments were made for the production machinery of Telemo, which had a useful life of 4 years.
  3. Agingo acquired 70% of Zimbo in 2016.
  4. Intercompany transactions occurred between Telemo and Agingo.
  5. There were shareholding increases and impairments during the year.
  6. Any intercompany dividends were excluded.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of Agingo’s group for the year ended 31 March 2023. (All your workings are to be rounded to the nearest thousand).

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Herd Ltd and its subsidiaries as of 31 March 2019.

The following statements of financial position are as at 31 March 2019:

Assets Herd Ltd (GH¢m) Swarm Ltd (GH¢m) Army Ltd (GH¢m)
Tangible non-current assets 1,280 440 280
Investment in Swarm Ltd 400 – –
Investment in Army Ltd 60 – –
Current assets 544 190 130
Total assets 2,284 630 410
Equity and liabilities Herd Ltd (GH¢m) Swarm Ltd (GH¢m) Army Ltd (GH¢m)
Stated capital 950 260 230
Revaluation reserve 90 – –
Retained earnings 390 210 94
Total equity 1,430 470 324
Non-current liabilities 640 30 16
Current liabilities 214 130 70
Total equity and liabilities 2,284 630 410

Herd Ltd acquired the following shareholdings in Swarm Ltd and Army Ltd:

Company Date of Acquisition Holding Acquired Fair Value of Net Assets (GH¢m) Purchase Consideration (GH¢m)
Swarm Ltd 1 April 2016 10% 325 30
1 April 2018 70% 460 370
Army Ltd 1 April 2018 25% 200 60

You are provided with the following additional information relevant to the consolidation:

  • The carrying value of Swarm Ltd’s net assets at 1 April 2016 was equal to its fair value (GH¢325m).
  • The fair value of the initial 10% investment in Swarm Ltd at 31 March 2018 was GH¢40m.
  • Herd Ltd uses the full fair value method for acquisition accounting. The non-controlling interests in Swarm Ltd at 1 April 2018 were valued at GH¢95m.
  • The fair value of Swarm Ltd’s land was GH¢25m above its carrying value as of 1 April 2018. No change in this value occurred subsequently.
  • Army Ltd’s land had a fair value excess of GH¢16m over its carrying value as of 1 April 2017.
  • Goodwill from the acquisition of Swarm Ltd has been impaired by GH¢15m as of 31 March 2019. No impairment has occurred for the Army Ltd investment.
  • Herd Ltd formed a defined benefit pension scheme and contributed GH¢250m to it, included in receivables as of 31 March 2019. The present value of the pension obligations is GH¢317m, and the fair value of plan assets is GH¢302m.

Required: Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of the Herd Ltd group as at 31 March 2019.

 

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  • 6 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2d – IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets

Account for the impairment loss of a taxi business under IAS 36.

Afoko Ltd acquired a car taxi business on 1 January 2015 for GH¢230,000. The value of the assets of the business at that date based on net selling price were as follows:

Assets GH¢’000
Vehicles 120
Intangible assets 30
Trade receivables 10
Cash 50
Trade payables (20)
Net assets 190

On 1 February 2015, the taxi business had three (3) of its vehicles stolen. The net selling values of these vehicles was GH¢30,000, and because of non-disclosure of certain risks to the insurance company, the business was uninsured. As a result of this event, Afoko Ltd wishes to recognize an impairment loss of GH¢45,000, inclusive of the loss of the stolen vehicles due to the decline in value of the stolen income-generating unit, that is the taxi business. On 1 March 2015, a rival taxi company commenced business in the same area. It is anticipated that the business revenue of Afoko Ltd would be reduced by 25%, leading to a decline in the present value in use of the business, which is calculated at GH¢150,000. The net selling value of the taxi license has fallen to GH¢25,000 as a result of the rival taxi operator. The net selling values of the other assets have remained the same as at 1 January 2015.

Required:
Recommend how Afoko Ltd should account for the above transaction in its financial statements in accordance with IAS 36 Impairment of Assets.
(6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Abuakwa Group as at 31 December 2021.

Below are statements of financial position of three companies: Abuakwa, Tanoso, and Kwadaso as at 31 December 2021:

Statements of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021

Abuakwa (GH¢ million) Tanoso (GH¢ million) Kwadaso (GH¢ million)
Non-current assets
Tangible assets 358.0 169.5 120.0
Investments 170.0 6.5 –
Total Non-current assets 528.0 176.0 120.0
Current assets 264.0 172.0 116.0
Total assets 792.0 348.0 236.0

Equity and Liabilities

Abuakwa (GH¢ million) Tanoso (GH¢ million) Kwadaso (GH¢ million)
Equity
Share capital – Ordinary shares (GH¢2 each) 180.0 50.0 30.0
Preference shares (GH¢2 each) – 40.0 13.0
Retained earnings 330.0 66.0 56.0
Other reserves 50.0 23.0 8.0
Total equity 560.0 179.0 107.0
Current liabilities 232.0 169.0 129.0
Total equity and liabilities 792.0 348.0 236.0

Additional Information:

  1. Abuakwa acquired 20 million shares in Tanoso on 1 January 2019. The consideration, which has been correctly accounted for, was settled by Abuakwa issuing its own ordinary shares of 7.5 million. The fair value of non-controlling interest of Tanoso at the date of acquisition was GH¢25 million.
  2. The brand name of Tanoso had a fair value of GH¢2 million with a useful life of 5 years. At 31 December 2021, the brand’s recoverable amount was GH¢1.1 million.
  3. Abuakwa acquired 10.5 million shares in Kwadaso on 31 December 2019. Abuakwa satisfied this consideration by deferring cash payment for a year.
  4. Kwadaso’s net assets were uplifted by GH¢3 million on a non-depreciable land.
  5. Tanoso acquired 1.5 million shares of Kwadaso for immediate cash consideration of GH¢6.5 million.
  6. On 1 January 2021, Tanoso sold machinery to Abuakwa at a 20% profit on cost. Abuakwa depreciates this type of machinery at 10% per annum.
  7. Goodwill in Tanoso was impaired by 10%.
  8. Trade payables in Abuakwa include GH¢7 million due to foreign suppliers, with an unaccounted exchange loss of GH¢2 million.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021 for the Abuakwa Group. (All figures should be stated in nearest GH¢0.1 million).

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  • 10 Marks

CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q3a – IAS 36: Impairment of assets

Apply IAS 36 to determine impairment of a cash-generating unit, including goodwill allocation and fair value considerations.

a) Sandoo Ltd is a company which manufactures machinery for industrial use and has a year end of 31 December 2021. The directors of Sandoo Ltd require advice on the following transaction:

i) Sandoo Ltd acquired a cash-generating unit (CGU) several years ago but, at 31 December 2021, the directors of Sandoo Ltd were concerned that the value of the CGU had declined because of a reduction in sales due to new competitors entering the market. At 31 December 2021, the carrying amounts of the assets in the CGU before any impairment testing were:

ii) The fair values of the Property, Plant and Equipment and the other assets at 31 December 2021 were GH¢20 million and GH¢34 million respectively and their costs to sell were GH¢200,000 and GH¢600,000 respectively. The CGU’s cash flow forecasts for the next five years are as follows:

iii) The pre-tax discount rate for the CGU is 8% and the post-tax discount rate is 6%. Sandoo Ltd has no plans to expand the capacity of the CGU and believes that a reorganisation would bring cost savings but, no plan has been approved. The directors of Sandoo Ltd need advice as to whether the CGU’s value is impaired. The following extract from a table of present value factors has been detailed below:

Required: With reference to relevant International Financial Reporting Standards: Advise the directors of Sandoo Ltd on how the above transactions should be accounted for in its financial statements as at 31 December 2021.

(10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Banky Ltd as of February 28, 2023.

The following Statements of Financial Position relate to Banky Ltd (Banky), Zinko Ltd (Zinko), and Tooli Ltd (Tooli):

Statements of Financial Position as at 28 February 2023 Banky Zinko Tooli
Assets GH¢ million GH¢ million GH¢ million
Non-current assets 1,500 1,040 960
Deferred tax – 80 –
Current assets 1,188 584 600
Total assets 2,688 1,704 1,560
Equity and liabilities Banky Zinko Tooli
Equity
Equity shares of GH¢5 each 600 500 500
Other reserves 150 90 60
Retained earnings 976 390 355
Total equity 1,726 980 915
Current liabilities 962 724 645
Total equity and liabilities 2,688 1,704 1,560

Additional Information: i) On 1 March 2022, Banky purchased 80 million equity shares in Zinko through a share exchange of three shares in Banky for every two shares in Zinko. The fair values of each share of Banky and Zinko were GH¢7 and GH¢10.5 respectively at acquisition date. Shares issued by Banky have not yet been recorded in the books.

ii) On acquisition date, Zinko’s retained earnings and other reserves were GH¢230 million and GH¢60 million respectively. Fair value of Zinko’s identifiable net assets was equal to their carrying value except that Zinko had a disclosed contingent liability with a fair value of GH¢8 million at acquisition. Provision in respect of this contingent liability has been recognised by Zinko at GH¢7.2 million as at 28 February 2023.

iii) On the same date Zinko was acquired, Zinko also purchased 60% equity holding in Tooli. The purchase and sale agreement for this transaction provided that Zinko would pay cash amount of GH¢500 million (excluding GH¢2 million consultancy costs which Zinko settled immediately and charged against its other comprehensive income) to the former shareholders of Tooli in two years’ time on condition that Zinko’s sales growth exceeds 20% per annum. The fair value of this consideration was estimated at GH¢450 million at acquisition and GH¢438 million at 28 February 2023. Zinko has not yet recorded this transaction. Both values were deemed as final on the two given dates.

iv) However, the professional valuation of Tooli’s identifiable net assets was not finalised at acquisition so a provisional fair valuation of GH¢845 million for the net assets was applied to arrive at the purchase consideration. The final valuation report which was released on 31 January 2023 showed a revised fair value of GH¢860 million for Tooli’s identifiable net assets. Any fair value adjustment was due to an item of plant whose remaining useful life was 5 years at acquisition. On this date, Tooli’s retained earnings and other reserves were GH¢275 million and GH¢55 million respectively.

v) Banky’s closing inventories include goods sold by Zinko at a margin of 20%. These items were invoiced at GH¢5 million but are currently included in Banky’s inventories at their net realisable value of GH¢4.2 million.

vi) The policy of the group is to measure non-controlling interests using their proportion of the fair value of identifiable net assets. An impairment review carried out revealed that goodwill in Zinko at this year-end had a “gross” recoverable amount of GH¢230 million.

vii) Ignore deferred tax adjustments unless otherwise indicated.

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Banky Ltd as at 28 February 2023.

(All figures should be approximated to the nearest GH¢0.1 million)

(Total: 20 marks)

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