Question Tag: Goodwill

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q4 – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Advise on the correct accounting treatment for transactions involving contracts, licences, and purchase of components.

Dango Plc is a conglomerate company operating in Nigeria with diverse interests across Africa. It prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards with a year-end of September 30. The following transactions relate to Dango Plc.

(a) In February 2016, Dango Plc won a significant new contract to supply large quantities of rice to the government of Guyama, a small West African country, for the next two years. Under the terms of the arrangement, payment is made in cash on delivery once goods have been cleared by customs. The rice will be delivered in batches four (4) times every year, on April 1, July 1, October 1, and January 1. The batches for April 1, 2016, and July 1, 2016, amounting to N250 million and N380 million respectively, were delivered and paid. Dango incurred significant costs on customs duties for the first batch of delivery. The October 1 batch, valued at N520 million, was shipped prior to the year-end but delivered and paid for on October 1, 2016.

(b) On October 1, 2010, a 12-year licence was awarded to Dango Plc by the Federal Government to be the sole manufacturer of a chemical used in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. The licence was recognised on that date at its fair value of N196 million. The award of the licence motivated Dango Plc in 2011 to purchase a division of another Nigerian competitor company making similar products. Goodwill of N240 million was recognised on the purchase of the division. Dango Plc merged the activities of the newly acquired division with its own to create a specialist chemical sub-division, which it now classifies as a separate cash-generating unit. By 2016, the revenue of this cash-generating unit now amounts to 5% of the Group’s revenue.

(c) Dango Plc buys raw materials from overseas suppliers. It has recently taken delivery of 1,000 units of component X, used in the production of chemicals. The quoted price of component X was N1,200 per unit, but Dango Plc has negotiated a trade discount of 5% due to the size of the order. The supplier offers an early settlement discount of 2% for payment within 30 days, and Dango Plc intends to achieve this. Import duties of N60 per unit must be paid before the goods are released through customs. Once the goods are released, Dango Plc must pay a delivery cost of N5,000 to have the components taken to its warehouse.

Required:
Write a report to the directors advising them on the correct accounting treatment of the above transactions in the financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2016, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standards.

Note: You may consider the relevance of the following standards to the transactions: IAS 20, IAS 2, IAS 38, IFRS 3, and IFRS 15.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q3c – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Allocate an impairment loss across assets in a cash-generating unit based on IAS 36.

A cash-generating unit holds the following assets:

Asset Value (N’Million)
Goodwill 160
Patent 320
Property, Plant and Equipment 480

An annual impairment review is required as the cash-generating unit contains goodwill. The most recent review assesses its recoverable amount to be N720 million. An impairment loss of N240 million has been incurred and has been recognised in profit or loss.

Required:
Show how the value of the assets held by the cash-generating unit will change after the impairment test based on the information provided above.

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  • 30 Marks

CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation (IAS 21)

Assess functional currency and prepare a consolidated statement of financial position under IFRS.

Rapuya Plc. is a Nigerian public limited company operating in the mining industry. The draft Statements of Financial Position of Rapuya Plc., and its two subsidiaries, Puta Limited and Soma Limited as at April 30, 2017, are as follows:

The following information is relevant to the preparation of the group financial statements:

(i) On May 1, 2016, Rapuya acquired 52% of the ordinary shares of Soma Limited, a foreign subsidiary. The retained earnings of Soma Limited on this date were 220 million defas. The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Soma Limited on May 1, 2016, was 990 million defas. The excess of the fair value over the net assets of Soma Limited is due to an increase in the value of non-depreciable land.

Rapuya Plc. wishes to use the ‘full goodwill’ method to consolidate the financial statements of Soma. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Soma Limited at May 1, 2016, was 500 million defas.

Soma Limited is located in Tome, a small country in West Africa, and operates a mine. The income of Soma Limited is denominated and settled in defas. The output of the mine is routinely traded in defas, and its price is determined initially by local supply and demand. Soma Limited pays 30% of its costs and expenses in naira, with the remainder being incurred locally and settled in defas. Soma’s management has a considerable degree of authority and autonomy in carrying out the operations of Soma Limited and is not dependent upon group companies for financial support. The Finance Controller is not certain from the above whether the defas or naira should be taken as the functional currency of Soma Limited.

There have been no issues of ordinary shares and no impairment of goodwill since acquisition.

(ii) Also on May 1, 2016, Rapuya Plc. had acquired 70% of the equity interests of Puta Limited. The purchase consideration amounted to N226 million, which Rapuya Plc. paid through bank transfer in compliance with the cashless policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria. The fair value of the identifiable net assets recognized by Puta Limited was N240 million, excluding the patent below. The identifiable net assets of Puta Limited at May 1, 2016, included a brand with a fair value of N8 million. This had not been recognized in the financial statements of Puta Limited. The brand is estimated to have a useful life of four years. The retained earnings of Puta Limited were N98 million, and other components of equity were N6 million at the date of acquisition. The remaining excess of the fair value of the net assets is due to an increase in the value of non-depreciable land.

Rapuya Plc. wishes to use the ‘full goodwill’ method in consolidating the financial statements of this subsidiary. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Puta Limited was N92 million on May 1, 2016. There have been no issues of ordinary shares since acquisition, and goodwill on acquisition is not impaired.

(iii) The following exchange rates are relevant for the preparation of the group financial statements:

Defas to Naira Exchange Rate
May 1, 2016 3:1
April 30, 2017 2.5:1
Average for year to April 30, 2017 2.9:1

Required:

(a) Advise the Finance Controller on what currency should be taken as the functional currency of Soma Limited, applying the principles set out in IAS 21 – The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. (5 Marks)

(b) Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position of the Rapuya Group as at April 30, 2017, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). (Show all workings) (25 Marks)

(Total: 30 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Bata Plc and subsidiaries; explain IAS 21 principles for translating foreign subsidiaries.

a. Bata Plc, which operates in the manufacturing sector, has been surviving the challenges operating in the Nigerian economic environment. The draft Statements of Financial Position of Bata Plc and its subsidiaries as at October 31, 2016, are as follows:

Bata N’million Jewe N’million Gaba N’million
Non-current assets Property, plant, and equipment 4,320 360 420
Investments in subsidiaries 1,110 600 –
Financial assets 500 – –
Total Non-current assets 5,930 960 420
Current assets 1,050 570 540
Total assets 6,980 1,530 960
Equity Share capital – N1 ordinary shares 2,400 600 300
Retained earnings 3,410 540 390
Other components of equity 450 – –
Total equity 6,260 1,140 690
Current liabilities 720 390 270
Total liabilities and equity 6,980 1,530 960

Additional Information:

  1. Acquisition of Subsidiaries:
    • Bata Plc acquired 60% of the share capital of Jewe Plc on November 1, 2012, and 10% of Gaba Plc on November 1, 2013. The costs of the combinations were N852 million and N258 million, respectively.
    • Jewe Plc acquired 70% of the share capital of Gaba Plc on November 1, 2013.
  2. Retained Earnings Balances:
Date Jewe Plc (N’million) Gaba Plc (N’million)
November 1, 2012 270 –
November 1, 2013 360 240
  1. Fair Value Adjustments:
    • At acquisition dates, the fair value of the net assets was N930 million for Jewe Plc and N660 million for Gaba Plc. The difference in the fair value and book value relates to non-depreciable land.
    • The fair value of non-controlling interest (NCI) was N390 million for Jewe Plc and N330 million for Gaba Plc. Bata Plc adopts the full goodwill method under IFRS 3 to account for NCI.
  2. Impairment Testing:
    • Jewe Plc suffered an impairment loss of N60 million.
    • Gaba Plc did not suffer any impairment loss.
  3. Intra-group Inventory Sales:
    • During the year ended October 31, 2016, Bata Plc sold inventory to Jewe Plc and Gaba Plc.
    • The invoiced prices of the inventories were N480 million and N360 million, respectively.
    • Bata Plc invoices goods to achieve a markup of 25% on cost to all third parties, including group companies.
    • At the year-end, half of the inventory sold to Jewe Plc remained unsold, but the entire inventory sold to Gaba Plc had been sold to third parties.
  4. Financial Asset:
    • Bata Plc purchased a deep discount bond for N500 million on November 1, 2015.
    • The bonds will be redeemed in 3 years for N740.75 million and are carried at amortized cost in line with IAS 39.
    • The Accountant has not passed the correct entries to reflect amortized cost valuation at year-end, and the financial asset is shown at N500 million.

Compound sum of N1: (1 + r)^n

Year 12% 14%
1 1.1200 1.1400
2 1.2544 1.2996
3 1.4049 1.4815
4 1.5735 1.6890

Required:

  1. Prepare a Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Bata Plc and its subsidiaries as at October 31, 2016.       (25 Marks)
  2. Explain to the directors of Bata Plc how the assets, liabilities, income, and expenses of a foreign subsidiary, including the resulting goodwill, are translated for consolidation purposes under IAS 21. (5 Marks)

(Total: 30 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – May 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for a group with a foreign subsidiary and inter-company transactions as at September 30, 2017.

Oyin Plc. a Nigerian company acquired 960 million equity share capital of Kemy Plc., a foreign subsidiary based in Brazil, on 1 October, 2015 for 1.08 billion Brazilian real (BRL). The functional and presentation currency of Kemy Plc. is the BRL. Since acquisition, Kemy Plc., has operated autonomously of Oyin group.

The statements of financial position of Oyin Plc. and Kemy Plc. as at 30 September, 2017 are as follows:

Additional Information:

  1. It is the policy of Oyin Plc. group to recognize non-controlling interest at acquisition at the proportionate share of the net assets. The retained earnings of Kemy Plc., at the date of acquisition were 390 million BRL.
  2. Kemy Plc. sells goods to Oyin Plc. at cost plus a mark-up of 33 1/3%. At 30 September, 2017, Oyin Plc. held N15 million of the goods. The goods were purchased at an exchange rate of N1 to 5 BRL. On 28 September, 2017, Oyin Plc. sent Kemy Plc., a payment for N15 million to clear the intra-group payables. Kemy received and recorded the cash on 2 October, 2017.
  3. On 1 October, 2016, Kemy Plc. purchased a leasehold building for 375 million BRL, taking out a loan note payable after five years to finance the purchase. The estimated useful life of the building on 1 October, 2016 was 25 years with no estimated residual value. The building is to be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The building was professionally revalued at 450 million BRL on 30 September, 2017 and the directors have included the revalued amount in the statement of financial position.Both companies adopt a policy of revaluation for their properties. There was no difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the property of Oyin Plc. at 30 September, 2017.
  4. Exchange Rates:
Date BRL to N1
1 October, 2015 6.0
30 September, 2015 5.5
30 September, 2017 5.0
Average for the year to 30 September, 2016 5.2

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Oyin group at 30 September, 2017.

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  • 12 Marks

CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q4 – Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

Evaluate the impact of restructuring plans on individual and group accounts for Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries.

Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are both public limited companies wholly owned by Tanimo PLC, also a public limited company. Tanimo group PLC operates in the agro-allied industry; but the directors felt that the current structure does not serve their intended purpose and are therefore considering two different restructuring plans for the group.

The statements of financial position of Tanimo PLC and its subsidiaries Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC as at May 31, 2021, are as follows:

Statements of Financial Position as at May 31, 2021

Item Tanimo PLC (Nm) Emili PLC (Nm) Wagbo PLC (Nm)
Property, Plant, and Equipment 600 200 45
Cost of Investment in Emili PLC 60 – –
Cost of Investment in Wagbo PLC 70 – –
Net Current Assets 160 100 20
Total Assets 890 300 65
Equity & Liabilities:
Share Capital (Ordinary Shares of N1 each) 120 60 40
Retained Earnings 770 240 25
Total Equity & Liabilities 890 300 65

Tanimo PLC acquired the investment in Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, when the company’s retained earnings balance was N20 million. The fair value of the net assets of Wagbo PLC on June 1, 2015, was N60 million.

Emili PLC was incorporated by Tanimo PLC on June 1, 2015, and has always been a wholly owned subsidiary. The fair value of the net assets of Emili PLC as at May 31, 2021, was N310 million, and of Wagbo PLC, it was N80 million. The fair values of the net current assets of both Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC are approximately the same as their carrying amounts.

The directors are not certain what effects the following plans would have on the individual accounts of the companies and the group accounts. Local companies’ legislation requires that the amount at which share capital is recorded is dictated by the nominal value of the shares issued, and if the value of the consideration received exceeds that amount, the excess is recorded in the share premium account. Shares cannot be issued at a discount. In the case of a share-for-share exchange, the value of the consideration can be deemed to be the carrying amount of the investment exchanged.

It is the group’s policy to value non-controlling interests at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

The two different plans to restructure the group are as follows:

  1. Plan 1
    • Emili PLC is to purchase the whole of Tanimo’s PLC investment in Wagbo PLC.
    • The directors are undecided as to whether the purchase consideration should be 50 million N1 ordinary shares of Emili PLC or a cash amount of N75 million.
  2. Plan 2
    • The assets and trade of Wagbo PLC are to be transferred to Emili PLC at their carrying amount.
    • Wagbo PLC would initially become a non-trading company.
    • The consideration for the transfer will be N60 million, which will be left outstanding on the intercompany account between Emili PLC and Wagbo PLC.

Required:

Discuss the key considerations and the accounting implications of the above plans for the Tanimo PLC group. Your answer should show the potential impact on the individual accounts of Tanimo PLC, Emili PLC, and Wagbo PLC and the group accounts after each plan has been implemented.

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  • 26 Marks

FM – May 2023 – L3 – Q1a – Business Valuation Techniques

Evaluate ZL's valuation using multiple methods and recommend whether KK should acquire ZL. Discuss takeover regulation factors.

KK, a company quoted on the Stock Exchange, has cash balance of ₦230 million which are currently invested in short-term money market deposits. The cash is intended to be used primarily for strategic acquisitions, and the company has formed an acquisition committee with a remit to identify possible acquisition targets. The committee has suggested the purchase of ZL, a company in a different industry that is quoted on the AIM (Alternative Investment Market). Although ZL is quoted, approximately 50% of its shares are still owned by three directors. These directors have stated that they might be prepared to recommend the sale of ZL, but they consider that its shares are worth ₦220 million in total.

Summarised financial data:

Economic data:

  • Risk-free rate of return: 6% p.a.
  • Market return: 14% p.a.
  • Inflation rate: 2.4% p.a., expected to remain stable.

Expected effects of the acquisition:

  1. 50 employees of ZL would immediately be made redundant at an after-tax cost of ₦12 million. Pre-tax annual wage savings are expected to be ₦7.50 million (at current prices) for the foreseeable future.
  2. Some land and buildings of ZL would be sold for ₦8 million (after tax).
  3. Pre-tax advertising and distribution savings of ₦1.50 million per year (at current prices) would be possible.
  4. The three existing directors of ZL would each be paid ₦1 million per year for three years for consultancy services. This amount would not increase with inflation.

Required:

a. Calculate the value of ZL based upon:
i. The use of comparative P/E ratios (3 Marks)
ii. The dividend valuation model (4 Marks)
iii. The present value of relevant operating cash flows over a 10-year period (10 Marks)
iv. Provide an evaluation of each of the three valuation methods in (i) to (iii) above. (7 Marks)
v. Recommend whether KK should go ahead with the offer for ZL. (2 Marks)

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  • 22 Marks

CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Omi PLC and subsidiaries.

The draft statement of financial position of Omi PLC, Ruwa Limited, and Mmili Limited as of November 30, 2020, are as follows:

Additional Information for Consolidated Financial Statements Preparation:

  1. Acquisition of Ruwa Limited:
    • Omi PLC acquired 80% of Ruwa Limited’s ordinary share capital on December 1, 2017.
    • Retained earnings of Ruwa Limited at acquisition: N400 million.
    • Fair value of Ruwa Limited’s net assets: N2,840 million.
    • Any fair value adjustment pertains to net current assets, which had been realized by November 30, 2020.
    • No new issue of shares occurred in the group since the establishment of the current structure.
  2. Acquisition of Mmili Limited:
    • On December 1, 2018, Omi PLC acquired 40% and Ruwa Limited acquired 25% of Mmili Limited’s ordinary share capital.
    • Retained earnings of Mmili Limited at acquisition: N200 million.
    • Retained earnings of Ruwa Limited at acquisition: N600 million.
    • No revaluation surplus existed in Mmili Limited’s books at acquisition, and the fair value of Mmili Limited’s net assets was consistent with their carrying amount.
  3. Development Costs:
    • Significant expenditure incurred on developing internet products. These were initially written off but later reinstated as development inventories upon commercial use.
    • Costs do not meet the recognition criteria of IAS 38 – Intangible Assets.
    • Ruwa Limited included N80 million of these costs in its inventory, of which N20 million relates to expenses from periods before December 1, 2017.
    • The group wishes to ensure compliance with IFRS for this treatment.
  4. Internet Equipment:
    • Ruwa Limited purchased new internet equipment for N200 million, excluding a trade discount of N24 million.
    • The discount was recorded in the income statement.
    • Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over six years.
  5. Property, Plant, and Equipment Policy:
    • The group transitioned from the revaluation model to the cost model under IAS 16 – Property, Plant, and Equipment in 2020.
    • Mmili Limited’s assets were revalued on December 1, 2019, creating a revaluation surplus of N280 million.
    • Mmili Limited’s property was originally purchased in December 2018 for N1,200 million, with depreciation over six years.
    • The group does not transfer excess depreciation from revaluation reserves to retained earnings.
  6. Valuation of Non-controlling Interests:
    • The group values non-controlling interests at acquisition using their proportionate share of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.
  7. Defined Benefit Pension Scheme:
    • Omi PLC established a defined benefit pension scheme, contributing N400 million to it.
    • Details as of November 30, 2020:
      • Present value of obligation: N520 million.
      • Fair value of plan assets: N500 million.
      • Current service cost: N440 million.
      • Interest cost (scheme liabilities): N80 million.
      • Expected return on pension assets: N40 million.
      • Actuarial gain: N60 million.
    • The only recorded entry was the cash contribution, included in Omi PLC’s trade receivables.
    • Directors propose recognizing actuarial gain immediately in the statement of profit or loss.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Omi Group for the year ended November 30, 2020, in accordance with relevant IFRS.

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare consolidated financial position of Makoko Group for the year ended Dec 31, 2021, and discuss accounting implications of significant influence.

Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited is a global merchant of cash crops. A policy of strategic acquisitions over the years has placed the company in a position to source for export products competitively. The lockdown arising from the recent pandemic posed a significant challenge for the export of their products throughout the year 2020. At a board meeting to review the performance of the company for that year and discuss the impact of the pandemic, the Managing Director noted the significant drop in the general performance indices. In order to get a greater market presence and higher demand locally, the board decided to acquire the following investments on January 1, 2021:

  • 60% of the equity share of Ojodu Limited;
  • 50% of 10% loan notes of Ojodu Ltd at par;
  • 40% stake in the ordinary shares of Egbeda Confectioneries Limited.

In the opinion of the board, both Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectioneries Limited are the biggest local customers of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited and a control through shareholding would give the investing company greater stake in the operational decisions of the investee companies. Importantly, it would also boost revenue by allowing unrestricted access to local markets. It is believed that this will forestall any adverse impact of further lockdowns that may hinder export sales in the future.

The draft financial statements of the companies for the year are as follows:

Statements of financial position as at December 31, 2021

Additional Information:

  1. Makoko Limited paid N90 million for the acquisition of Ojodu Limited when the retained earnings of Ojodu Limited were N13 million.
  2. The fair value of Ojodu’s freehold property was N6.5 million higher than the carrying amount as at the date of acquisition. This valuation has not been reflected in the books of Ojodu Limited.
  3. Makoko Limited paid N41 million for the shareholding in Egbeda Limited when the retained earnings of Egbeda Limited were N12 million.
  4. An impairment test as at December 31, 2021 showed that goodwill was impaired by N3.5 million and the investment in Egbeda Limited was impaired by N0.8 million.
  5. During the year, Makoko Limited sold products to Egbeda Limited at a price of N8 million. These goods had cost Makoko Limited N5 million. Half of the goods were still in the inventory of Egbeda Limited as at December 31, 2021.
  6. The companies issued share capital has not changed since the date of acquisition.
  7. No dividends were paid during the year.
  8. Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are to be measured at the appropriate proportion of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

Required: a. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Makoko Group for the year ended December 31, 2021. (20 Marks)

b. The Directors of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited are concerned about getting significant influence, if not absolute control, of all entities they intend to buy into. The five-year strategic plan of the company (2020 – 2024) focuses on having control of the cash crops segment of the agribusiness sector of the economy. This is in order to make them ready to roll out the next developmental phase of the business, which is to migrate from exporting raw products to finished products for industrial and household use.

Towards this goal, the board requires the Group Accountant to make a presentation on the accounting implications of gaining significant influence in another entity.

Required: Discuss the issues involved in the requirements of the Board as specified above. (5 Marks)

c. A friend to the Chief Accountant of Makoko Intercontinental Holdings Limited, who is a consultant to Ojodu Limited and Egbeda Confectionaries Limited, is requesting for information on the new acquisitions from his friend, the Chief Accountant.

Required: Identify the ethical issues involved in the above scenarios and their implications. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FA – May 2024 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Partnership Accounts

Admission of a new partner, accounting for goodwill and the partnership's capital accounts.

BIN Partnership is an existing partnership consisting of two partners, Bode and Igere, sharing profits and losses equally. On January 1, 2023, they decided to admit Ngor as a new partner into the partnership.

Additional Information: (i) The existing partnership’s statement of financial position before Ngor’s admission is as follows:

Capital: Property, plant, and equipment ₦2,400,000
Bode: ₦1,750,000 Inventory ₦700,000
Igere: ₦1,750,000 Accounts Receivable ₦900,000
Loan Notes: ₦1,000,000 Cash ₦800,000
Accounts Payable: ₦300,000
Total Liabilities: ₦4,800,000 Total Assets: ₦4,800,000

(ii) Goodwill of the partnership is valued at ₦200,000.
(iii) Ngor invests ₦1,500,000 in cash and acquires a 30% share in the partnership’s profits and losses.
(iv) ₦600,000 from the cash contributed by Ngor will be used to reduce the existing partnership’s long-term liabilities.
(v) The partnership follows a policy of not recording goodwill on its financial statements.

Required: a. In the books of BIN partnership, prepare the following to give effect to the admission of Ngor:

  • i. Goodwill account (2 Marks)
  • ii. Partners’ capital accounts (4 Marks)
  • iii. Statement of financial position after the admission of Ngor (10 Marks)

b. Discuss two methods of goodwill valuation in a partnership. (4 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2024 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Identifies the correct description of goodwill in financial statements.

Which of the following about goodwill is true?

A. Goodwill is always recognised as an intangible asset in an entity’s financial statements.
B. Goodwill represents the total value of a business’s assets and liabilities.
C. The value of a business is solely based on the value of its net assets.
D. Goodwill reflects a business’s potential to generate future profits, making it an intangible asset.
E. Successful businesses do not have goodwill as it is not considered a valuable aspect during acquisitions.

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  • 5 Marks

July 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Treatment of brand name in Bondito Ltd’s financials following impairment of its subsidiary Manyabe Ltd.

Bondito Ltd acquired 100% of a subsidiary, Manyabe Ltd, on 1 January 2021. The carrying amount of the assets of Manyabe Ltd in the consolidated financial statements of the Bondito group at 31 December 2021, immediately before an impairment review, were as follows:

Assets GH¢ million
Goodwill 1.4
Brand name 2
Property, plant, and equipment 6
Current assets (at recoverable amount) 2.4
Total 11.8

The recoverable amount of Manyabe Ltd was estimated at GH¢9.6 million at 31 December 2021, and the impairment of the investment in Manyabe Ltd was deemed to be GH¢2.2 million. Bondito Ltd applies IAS 16: Property, Plant, and Equipment, and IAS 36: Impairment of Assets in preparing its financial statements.

Required:
Assuming Manyabe Ltd represents a cash-generating unit, show the financial reporting treatment of the brand name at 31 December 2021 in the books of Bondito Ltd following the impairment review.
(Total: 5 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – July 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for a parent company Tarkwa Ltd and its subsidiary Awaso Ltd, incorporating the acquisition of 80% shares and related adjustments.

Tarkwa Ltd (Tarkwa) has been operating in the clothing and textiles industry in the past decade. On 1 July 2021, it acquired Awaso Ltd (Awaso) which operates in the same industry. The statements of Financial Position of the two companies as at 31 December 2021 are as follows:

Tarkwa GH¢000 Awaso GH¢000
Assets
Non-current assets 185,400 93,000
Current Assets
Inventory 76,200 31,800
Other current assets 58,200 24,000
Total current assets 134,400 55,800
Total assets 319,800 148,800
Equity and Liabilities
Equity
Share capital (issued at GH¢1 each) 120,000 50,000
Retained earnings:
Balance at January 1, 2021 73,200 51,600
Profit/(loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021 30,000 (18,000)
Total equity 223,200 83,600
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax 30,000 4,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables and accruals 66,600 61,200
Total Equity and Liabilities 319,800 148,800

Additional information:

i) Tarkwa acquired 80% of Awaso’s equity shares by means of immediate cash payment of GH¢1.80 per each acquired share. However, the former shareholders agreed to return some of the consideration by 30 June 2022 if Awaso’s sales growth falls below a defined threshold over the next year. The value of this contingent consideration at the date of acquisition was estimated to be GH¢4 million. At 31 December 2021, in the light of Awaso’s falling sales, the value was revised to GH¢4.5 million. Tarkwa has only recorded the immediate cash payment.

ii) Tarkwa conducted a fair value exercise on Awaso’s net assets, which were equal to their carrying values including Awaso’s investment property with the exception of an item of owner-occupied property which had a fair value of GH¢5 million below its carrying amount. The property had a remaining useful life of 20 years as at 1 July 2021. Awaso has already incorporated the fair value change (together with the depreciation adjustment) in its own financial statements.

iii) At 31 December 2021, Awaso held goods in inventory, which had been supplied by Tarkwa at a mark-up on cost of 35%. The goods had cost Awaso GH¢6.75 million. 50% of the inventory remained unsold.

iv) The investment properties of Tarkwa and Awaso are carried at their fair values at January 1, 2021. However, at 31 December 2021, an item of properties had fair values of GH¢36.6 million and GH¢10.8 million respectively, with the change in Awaso’s investment properties all occurring since acquisition. These properties had carrying amounts at GH¢33,000 and GH¢12,000 respectively at the same date.

v) It is Tarkwa’s group policy to value the non-controlling interest using the fair value method at the acquisition date. For this purpose, a share price for Awaso of GH¢1.50 each is representative of the fair value of the shares held by the non-controlling interest.

Required:
Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Tarkwa as at December 31, 2021.

(Total: 20 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2017 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare consolidated financial statements for a parent and subsidiary, including profit or loss, statement of changes in equity, and statement of financial position.

Ghanbetter is a 90% subsidiary of Asonbata, acquired one year ago for GH¢4 billion, when the retained earnings of Ghanbetter were GH¢800 million. Below are the financial statements of the companies:

Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December, 2016

Additional Information:
i) During the year Asonbata sold goods to Ghanbetter for GH¢100 million. These goods were sold at a margin of 20%, and one quarter remained in inventory at the year-end.

ii) During the year Ghanbetter sold goods to Asonbata for GH¢180 million. These goods were sold at a mark-up of 50%, and one half remained in inventory at the year-end.

iii) At the year-end, there were no outstanding inter-company current account balances.

iv) At the date of acquisition, the fair value of Ghanbetter’s net assets was equal to their carrying value, except for an item of plant that had a fair value of GH¢200 million in excess of its carrying value and a remaining useful life of four years.

v) Goodwill is to be calculated using the proportionate basis. An impairment review at the year-end reveals that no impairment loss arose.

vi) Both companies have paid a dividend during the year. The dividend distributed by Asonbata was GH¢200 million, and that of Ghanbetter GH¢100 million. The investment income that Asonbata has recognised is the dividend received from Ghanbetter shortly before the year-end.

Required:
Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Changes in Equity, and Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for Asonbata for the year ended 31 December, 2016.

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2c – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

This question addresses how to account for the impairment of a cash-generating unit under IAS 36, including the allocation of impairment to assets.

Kwik Ltd (Kwik) runs a unit in Ablekuma Metropolis that has suffered a massive drop in income due to failure in its technology on 1 January 2018. As a result, the following carrying amounts were recorded in the books immediately before the impairment test.

Asset Carrying Amount (GH¢million)
Goodwill 20
Technology 5
Equipment 10
Land 50
Buildings 30
Other net assets 40
Total 155

The value in use of the unit is estimated at GH¢85 million, and Kwik has received an offer of GH¢75 million for the unit. The technology is worthless following its complete failure. Other net assets include inventory, receivables, and payables. It is considered that the carrying amount of other net assets is a reasonable representation of its net realisable value.

Required:
In accordance with IAS 36: Impairment of Assets, show the accounting treatment for the above transactions.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Sankofa Group considering investments, goodwill, and intra-group transactions.

The following statement of financial position relates to Sankofa and Kaakyire as at 31 October 2020.

Statement of Financial Position Sankofa (GH¢’000) Kaakyire (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets
Property, Plant and Equipment 37,000 30,000
Investment Property 5,000 –
Investments 24,000 –
Total Non-current assets 66,000 30,000
Current assets
Inventory 9,000 8,000
Other current assets 21,000 14,000
Total Current assets 30,000 22,000
Total assets 96,000 52,000
Equity and liabilities
Ordinary shares (issued @ GH¢2.50) 20,000 8,000
Retained earnings 26,000 16,000
Total Equity 46,000 24,000
Non-current liabilities
10% debentures 11,900 12,000
Current liabilities
Payables 38,100 16,000
Total Equity and liabilities 96,000 52,000

Additional information:
i) On 1 November 2018, Sankofa purchased 2.4 million of the ordinary shares of Kaakyire when Kaakyire’s retained earnings balance stood at GH¢11 million. There have been no movements in share capital since the acquisition. As part of the consideration given for the shares acquired, the shareholders of Kaakyire accepted 1 million shares worth GH¢7 million in Sankofa at acquisition. The remaining consideration was agreed to be paid on 31 October 2020 for GH¢12.1 million. The present values of GH¢1 receivable based on 10% (considered to be an appropriate discount rate for Sankofa) are as follows:

Present Value of GH¢1 receivable
In one year’s time:
In two years’ time:

Entries have been correctly passed for the effects of all of the above, including any unwound discounts, except for the final payment made on 31 October 2020.

ii) At acquisition, the fair values of Kaakyire’s assets, liabilities, and contingencies were equal to their carrying amounts, with the exception of the following assets:

Carrying amount (GH¢’000) Fair value (GH¢’000)
Trade receivables 1,250
Inventory 1,500
Properties 14,000

The properties had a remaining useful life of 10 years. No items of property were sold during the two years to 31 October 2020. The inventory and the receivable were realised during the post-acquisition period.

iii) On 1 November 2019, Kaakyire sold an item of plant to Sankofa for GH¢5 million. Kaakyire originally bought the plant from Gyidie for GH¢6 million, and Kaakyire had provided accumulated depreciation of GH¢2.2 million up to the date of sale. Kaakyire considered the plant to have a remaining useful life of 5 years at the date of transfer.

iv) The Investment Property in the books of Sankofa represents an office facility that was completed on 1 November 2018 at the cost of GH¢3.5 million. The useful economic life of the facility was estimated at 20 years. Immediately after the acquisition of Kaakyire, Sankofa began to rent this property out to Kaakyire under a lease agreement. Sankofa Group values its investment properties using the fair value model under IAS 40 Investment Properties and its owner-occupied properties using the cost model under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment.

v) On 1 November 2019, Sankofa acquired 30% of the ordinary shares of Kaboom at the cost of GH¢6 million. During the year ended 31 October 2020, Kaboom reported a profit after tax of GH¢2 million. No dividends were paid or declared by Kaboom during the period. At year-end, Kaboom’s inventory included GH¢1.2 million worth of goods bought from Sankofa during the year to October 2020. Sankofa charges a 25% margin on all sales.

On 31 October 2019, Goodwill acquired in Kaakyire was attributed with an impairment loss of GH¢0.5 million. The group’s policy is to measure non-controlling interest at the proportion of the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets.

Required:
Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for the Sankofa Group as at 31 October 2020.

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  • 5 Marks

FR – May 2016 – L2 – Q3c – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Describe the accounting treatment of goodwill for ABC's financial statements, including directors' views on recognizing goodwill.

You are the finance director of ABC Company. ABC is preparing its financial statements for the year ended 31st December 2015. The following item has been brought to your attention:

ABC acquired the entire share capital of XYZ Ltd during the year. The acquisition was achieved through a share exchange. The terms of the exchange were based on the relative values of the two companies obtained by capitalizing the companies’ estimated cash flows. When the fair value of XYZ’s Ltd identifiable net assets was deducted from the value of the company as a whole, its goodwill was calculated at GH¢2.5 million. A similar exercise valued the goodwill of ABC at GH¢4 million. The directors wish to incorporate both goodwill values in the companies’ consolidated financial statements.

Required:
Describe how ABC should treat the item in its financial statements for the year ended 31st December 2015, commenting on the directors’ views where appropriate.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2016 – L2 – Q2 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position and calculate the non-controlling interest for H Plc, and explain the need to consolidate fair values.

On 1st April 2014, H Plc. acquired four million of the ordinary shares of S Ltd, paying GH¢4.50 each. At the same time, H Plc also purchased GH¢500,000 of S Ltd 10% redeemable preference shares. At the acquisition date, the retained earnings of S Ltd were GH¢8,400,000.

Reproduced below are the draft statements of financial positions of the two companies at 31st March 2015:

Extracts from the statement of profit or loss of S Ltd, before intra group
adjustments, for the year to 31st March 2015 are:

The following information is relevant:

  1. Included in the land and buildings of S Ltd is a large area of development land at a cost of GH¢5 million. Its fair value at the date S Ltd was acquired was GH¢7 million, and by 31st March 2015, this had risen to GH¢8.5 million. The group valuation policy for development land is to carry it at fair value and not depreciate it.
  2. At the date of acquisition of S Ltd, its plant and equipment included plant that had a fair value of GH¢4 million in excess of its carrying value. This plant had a remaining life of 5 years. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis.
  3. During the year, S Ltd sold goods to H Plc. for GH¢1.8 million. S Ltd adds a 20% mark-up on cost to all its sales. Goods with a transfer price of GH¢450,000 were included in the inventory of H Plc. at 31st March 2015. The balance on the current accounts between H Plc. and S Ltd was GH¢240,000 on 31st March 2015.
  4. An impairment test carried out at 31st March 2015 showed that consolidated goodwill was impaired by GH¢1,488,000.
  5. S Ltd had paid its preference dividends in full and ordinary dividends of GH¢500,000.

Required:

  1. Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of H Plc. as at 31st March 2015.
  2. Calculate the non-controlling interest in the adjusted profit of S Ltd for the year to 31st March 2015.
  3. Explain why IFRS 3 Business Combinations requires an acquirer to consolidate the fair values of the assets and liabilities of an acquired subsidiary, at the acquisition date.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – March 2024 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Consolidation of Chicha Plc and Wale Plc financial statements, involving adjustments for intra-group transactions, non-controlling interest, and goodwill.

On 1 July 2022, Chicha Plc acquired 80% of the ordinary shares of Wale Plc at a cost of GH¢2,570,000. On the same date, it also acquired 50% of Wale Plc’s 10% loan notes at par. The summarised draft financial statements of both companies are:

Statements of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 March 2023
Chicha Plc Wale Plc
Sales revenue 15,000 6,000
Cost of sales (10,500) (5,000)
Gross profit 4,500 1,000
Operating expenses (1,500) (50)
Loan interest received/(paid) 18.75 (50)
Profit before tax 3,018.75 900
Income tax expense (750) (150)
Profit for the year 2,268.75 750
Statements of Financial Position as at 31 March 2023
Chicha Plc Wale Plc
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 4,830 2,000
Investments 2,820 –
Total Non-current assets 7,650 2,000
Current assets 3,750 2,000
Total assets 11,400 4,000
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Stated capital 2,500 500
Retained earnings 6,400 2,100
Total equity 8,900 2,600
Non-current liabilities
10% loan notes – 500
Current liabilities 2,500 900
Total equity and liabilities 11,400 4,000

The following information is relevant:

  1. The fair values of Wale Plc’s assets were equal to their book values except for its plant, which had a fair value of GH¢800,000 more than its book value at the date of acquisition. The remaining life of all of Wale Plc’s plant at the acquisition date was four years. Depreciation is on a straight-line basis and charged to cost of sales. Wale Plc has not adjusted the value of its plant as a result of the fair valuation of the assets.
  2. In the post-acquisition period, Chicha Plc sold goods to Wale Plc for GH¢3,000,000. These goods had cost Chicha Plc GH¢2,250,000. During the year, Wale Plc had sold GH¢2,500,000 of these goods for GH¢3,750,000.
  3. The current accounts of the two companies were reconciled at the year-end with Wale Plc owing Chicha Plc GH¢187,500.
  4. The goodwill was reviewed for impairment at the end of the reporting period and had suffered an impairment loss of GH¢75,000, which is to be treated as an operating expense.
  5. Chicha Plc’s and Wale Plc’s retained earnings as at 1 April 2022 were GH¢4,131,250 and GH¢1,350,000, respectively. No dividends were paid or declared by either entity during the year.
  6. It is the group policy to value the non-controlling interest at acquisition at fair value. The directors valued the non-controlling interest at GH¢625,000 at the date of acquisition.
  7. Revenues and profits should be deemed to accrue evenly throughout the year.

Required:
Prepare for Chicha Plc a Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 March 2023 and Statement of Financial Position as at 31 March 2023.

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