Question Tag: Financial Reporting Standards

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5d – Revenue Recognition under IFRS 15

Analyzing distinct performance obligations in a software contract under IFRS 15.

Togbah LTD (Togbah), a software developer, enters into a contract with a customer to transfer the following:

  • Software licence
  • Installation service (includes changing the web screen for each user)
  • Software updates
  • Technical support for two years

Togbah sells the above separately. The installation service is routinely performed by other entities and does not significantly modify the software. The software remains functional without the updates and the technical support.

Required:
Explain whether the goods or services promised to the customer are distinct in terms of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1- Group Financial Statements

Preparation of the consolidated statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position for Yarkpawolo Group, including goodwill calculation and intra-group adjustments.

Yarkpawolo LTD, a company in the healthcare industry, purchased 80% of the ordinary shares of Weah LTD on 1 January 2023. There are three elements to the purchase consideration: an immediate payment of GH¢1,400,000 and two further payments of GH¢100,000 on 31 December 2023 and GH¢120,000 on 31 December 2024 if the return on capital employed (ROCE) exceeds 15% in each of the financial years. All indicators have suggested that the ROCE for the company will be 17% and 16% for the financial years ending 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2024 respectively.

Yarkpawolo uses a discount rate of 10% in any present value calculations. The present value of GH¢ 1 receivable based on 10% are as follows:

Year Present Value
1 0.909
2 0.826

The draft financial statements of both companies as at 31 December 2023 are as follows:

Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December 2023

Yarkpawolo (GH¢’000) Weah (GH¢’000)
Sales revenue 14,000
Cost of sales (10,000)
Gross profit 4,000
Operating expenses (2,050)
Profit before tax 1,950
Income tax expense (450)
Profit for the year 1,500
Retained earnings brought forward 3,500
Retained earnings to statement of financial position 5,000

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

Yarkpawolo (GH¢’000) Weah (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets:
Property, Plant & Equipment 4,500
Patents 500
Investment in Weah 1,400
Total Non-current assets 6,400
Current assets:
Inventories 5,500
Trade and other receivables 2,000
Cash and cash equivalents 1,200
Total Current assets 8,700
Total Assets 15,100
Equity:
Share capital (GH¢0.20 per ordinary share) 1,500
General reserve 3,000
Retained earnings as at 31 December 2023 5,000
Total Equity 9,500
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term borrowings 1,600
Current liabilities:
Trade and other payables 4,000
Current portion of long-term borrowings –
Total Liabilities 5,600
Total Equity and Liabilities 15,100

Additional Information:

  1. Fair Value Adjustments on PPE:

    • Property: Increase from GH¢200,000 to GH¢250,000 (Depreciation rate 10%)
    • Plant: Increase from GH¢80,000 to GH¢100,000 (Depreciation rate 20%)
    • Equipment: Decrease from GH¢120,000 to GH¢80,000 (Depreciation rate 20%)
    • Weah has not adjusted its PPE values for the fair value assessment.

  2. Intra-Group Trading:

    • Since acquisition, Weah purchased GH¢50,000 worth of goods from Yarkpawolo. Half of these goods remained in inventory at year-end. Yarkpawolo makes a mark-up on cost of 25%.
    • Yarkpawolo also purchased GH¢50,000 of goods from Weah, with one-third remaining in inventory. Weah sells at a margin of 20%.

  3. Intercompany Balances:

    • Yarkpawolo’s trade receivables include GH¢5,000 owed by Weah. The current accounts do not balance due to GH¢2,000 in transit from Weah.

  4. Impairment:

    • A goodwill impairment review identified a loss of GH¢100,000. No adjustment has been made yet.

  5. Non-controlling Interest Valuation:

    • Yarkpawolo values non-controlling interest at fair value at the acquisition date. The share price for Weah was GH¢0.75 per share.

Required:
Prepare for Yarkpawolo LTD:
(a) Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December 2023
(b) Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q13 – Public Sector Audits

Identifies an item that does not impact public sector audits in Nigeria.

Which ONE of the following does NOT affect public sector audit?

  • A. Financial regulation
  • B. The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended)
  • C. Statement of Accounting Standard
  • D. Treasury and circular letters
  • E. Finance Act

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  • 7 Marks

FR – Nov 2022 – L2 – Q4a – IFRS Issuance Process

Summary: Describe six steps in the issuance process of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Describe SIX steps involved in the process of issuing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). (6 Marks)

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  • 3 Marks

FR – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q2b – IAS 2, Inventory Valuation, Financial Reporting Standards

This question tests the calculation of inventory valuation according to IAS 2 for products with expected discounts and selling costs.

Esinam Ltd has the following products in inventory at the end of 2016:

Product Units Cost per Unit (GH¢)
Ahomka 5,400 22
Adonko 2,800 26

Each product normally sells at GH¢34 per unit. Due to the difficult trading conditions, Esinam Ltd intends to offer a discount of 15% per unit and expects to incur GH¢4 per unit in selling costs. GH¢10 per unit is expected to be incurred to complete each unit of Adonko.

Required: In accordance with IAS 2 Inventories, at what amount should inventory be stated in the financial statements of Esinam Ltd as at 31 December 2016?

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  • 3 Marks

FR – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q5e – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Explain the barriers to global harmonization of financial reporting standards.

Explain any three barriers to global harmonization of financial reporting standards.

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  • 2 Marks

FR – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Identify the conditions under which it may be appropriate to change accounting policy in accordance with IAS 8.

According to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, an entity must select and apply its accounting policies consistently from one period to the next and among various items in the financial statements. However, an entity may change its accounting policies under certain conditions.

Required:
Identify the circumstances under which it may be appropriate to change accounting policy in accordance with the guidance given in IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

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  • 5 Marks

FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5d – Revenue Recognition under IFRS 15

Analyzing distinct performance obligations in a software contract under IFRS 15.

Togbah LTD (Togbah), a software developer, enters into a contract with a customer to transfer the following:

  • Software licence
  • Installation service (includes changing the web screen for each user)
  • Software updates
  • Technical support for two years

Togbah sells the above separately. The installation service is routinely performed by other entities and does not significantly modify the software. The software remains functional without the updates and the technical support.

Required:
Explain whether the goods or services promised to the customer are distinct in terms of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1- Group Financial Statements

Preparation of the consolidated statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position for Yarkpawolo Group, including goodwill calculation and intra-group adjustments.

Yarkpawolo LTD, a company in the healthcare industry, purchased 80% of the ordinary shares of Weah LTD on 1 January 2023. There are three elements to the purchase consideration: an immediate payment of GH¢1,400,000 and two further payments of GH¢100,000 on 31 December 2023 and GH¢120,000 on 31 December 2024 if the return on capital employed (ROCE) exceeds 15% in each of the financial years. All indicators have suggested that the ROCE for the company will be 17% and 16% for the financial years ending 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2024 respectively.

Yarkpawolo uses a discount rate of 10% in any present value calculations. The present value of GH¢ 1 receivable based on 10% are as follows:

Year Present Value
1 0.909
2 0.826

The draft financial statements of both companies as at 31 December 2023 are as follows:

Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December 2023

Yarkpawolo (GH¢’000) Weah (GH¢’000)
Sales revenue 14,000
Cost of sales (10,000)
Gross profit 4,000
Operating expenses (2,050)
Profit before tax 1,950
Income tax expense (450)
Profit for the year 1,500
Retained earnings brought forward 3,500
Retained earnings to statement of financial position 5,000

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

Yarkpawolo (GH¢’000) Weah (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets:
Property, Plant & Equipment 4,500
Patents 500
Investment in Weah 1,400
Total Non-current assets 6,400
Current assets:
Inventories 5,500
Trade and other receivables 2,000
Cash and cash equivalents 1,200
Total Current assets 8,700
Total Assets 15,100
Equity:
Share capital (GH¢0.20 per ordinary share) 1,500
General reserve 3,000
Retained earnings as at 31 December 2023 5,000
Total Equity 9,500
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term borrowings 1,600
Current liabilities:
Trade and other payables 4,000
Current portion of long-term borrowings –
Total Liabilities 5,600
Total Equity and Liabilities 15,100

Additional Information:

  1. Fair Value Adjustments on PPE:

    • Property: Increase from GH¢200,000 to GH¢250,000 (Depreciation rate 10%)
    • Plant: Increase from GH¢80,000 to GH¢100,000 (Depreciation rate 20%)
    • Equipment: Decrease from GH¢120,000 to GH¢80,000 (Depreciation rate 20%)
    • Weah has not adjusted its PPE values for the fair value assessment.

  2. Intra-Group Trading:

    • Since acquisition, Weah purchased GH¢50,000 worth of goods from Yarkpawolo. Half of these goods remained in inventory at year-end. Yarkpawolo makes a mark-up on cost of 25%.
    • Yarkpawolo also purchased GH¢50,000 of goods from Weah, with one-third remaining in inventory. Weah sells at a margin of 20%.

  3. Intercompany Balances:

    • Yarkpawolo’s trade receivables include GH¢5,000 owed by Weah. The current accounts do not balance due to GH¢2,000 in transit from Weah.

  4. Impairment:

    • A goodwill impairment review identified a loss of GH¢100,000. No adjustment has been made yet.

  5. Non-controlling Interest Valuation:

    • Yarkpawolo values non-controlling interest at fair value at the acquisition date. The share price for Weah was GH¢0.75 per share.

Required:
Prepare for Yarkpawolo LTD:
(a) Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 December 2023
(b) Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q13 – Public Sector Audits

Identifies an item that does not impact public sector audits in Nigeria.

Which ONE of the following does NOT affect public sector audit?

  • A. Financial regulation
  • B. The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended)
  • C. Statement of Accounting Standard
  • D. Treasury and circular letters
  • E. Finance Act

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  • 7 Marks

FR – Nov 2022 – L2 – Q4a – IFRS Issuance Process

Summary: Describe six steps in the issuance process of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Describe SIX steps involved in the process of issuing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). (6 Marks)

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  • 3 Marks

FR – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q2b – IAS 2, Inventory Valuation, Financial Reporting Standards

This question tests the calculation of inventory valuation according to IAS 2 for products with expected discounts and selling costs.

Esinam Ltd has the following products in inventory at the end of 2016:

Product Units Cost per Unit (GH¢)
Ahomka 5,400 22
Adonko 2,800 26

Each product normally sells at GH¢34 per unit. Due to the difficult trading conditions, Esinam Ltd intends to offer a discount of 15% per unit and expects to incur GH¢4 per unit in selling costs. GH¢10 per unit is expected to be incurred to complete each unit of Adonko.

Required: In accordance with IAS 2 Inventories, at what amount should inventory be stated in the financial statements of Esinam Ltd as at 31 December 2016?

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  • 3 Marks

FR – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q5e – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Explain the barriers to global harmonization of financial reporting standards.

Explain any three barriers to global harmonization of financial reporting standards.

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  • 2 Marks

FR – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – Financial Reporting Standards and Their Applications

Identify the conditions under which it may be appropriate to change accounting policy in accordance with IAS 8.

According to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, an entity must select and apply its accounting policies consistently from one period to the next and among various items in the financial statements. However, an entity may change its accounting policies under certain conditions.

Required:
Identify the circumstances under which it may be appropriate to change accounting policy in accordance with the guidance given in IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

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