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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the merits and challenges of adopting IFRS in Nigeria and identify local standards still applicable post-IFRS adoption.

a. ABC Plc, in accordance with the regulations of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on transition to IFRS, prepared its first IFRS Financial Statement in 2012. The Financial Statement was contained in a voluminous document of 155 pages. Some of the stakeholders found it difficult to understand the essence of the voluminous document.

You are required to prepare a brief report, highlighting the essence and merits of the adoption of IFRS by Nigerian Companies and state some of the challenges that could be encountered. (10 Marks)

b. Statements of Accounting Standards (SAS) in Nigeria have been replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); however, some of these local standards relating to industry-specific rules which are not found in IFRS are expected to be applied by companies in the industries as far as they do not conflict with IFRS.

You are required to examine the above statement and identify those statements of Accounting Standards that are still applicable after the adoption of IFRS. (5 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2c – Corporate Tax Compliance and Reporting

Determine whether Maidogo Limited’s revenue recognition change is a policy change and calculate adjusted revenue for NIXAQ.

Maidogo Limited sells NIXAQ, a product manufactured by it, from several retail outlets. In previous years, the company has undertaken responsibility for fitting the product in customers’ premises. Customers pay for the product at the time they are ordered. The average length of time it takes from ordering to its fitting is 14 days. In previous years, Maidogo Limited had not recognised a sale in its books until the product had been successfully fitted because the rectification costs of any fitting error would be expensive.

With effect from 1 April, 2013, Maidogo Limited changed its method of trading by sub-contracting the fitting to approved contractors. Under this policy, the sub-contractors are paid by Maidogo Limited and they (the sub-contractors) are liable for any errors made in the fitting. Consequently, Maidogo Limited is proposing to recognise sales when customers order and pay for the goods rather than when they have been fitted.

Details of the relevant sales figures are:

  • Sales made in retail outlets for the year to 31 March, 2014: N69,000,000
  • Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April, 2013: N3,600,000
  • Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April, 2014: N4,800,000

Note:
The sales value of NIXAQ in the 14 days to 14 April, 2013 is not included in the annual sales figure of N69 million, but those for the 14 days to 14 April, 2014 are included.

Required:

  1. Discuss whether the above represents a change in accounting policy.
  2. Calculate the amount to include in revenue for NIXAQ for the year to 31 March, 2014.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Evaluate IFRS management commentary requirements and their relevance in financial reporting.

Critics of traditional corporate financial reporting under Generally Acceptable Accounting Practice (GAAP) argue that financial statements alone are not considered sufficient without a narrative that provides a context within which to interpret the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of an entity.

A financial expert within the board of Abcon Kombe Plc, aware of the above criticism, has proposed that Abcon Kombe Plc should include in its financial statements, management commentary to satisfy the numerous analysts that use its annual reports.

Required:

(a) Advise the Board on FIVE elements of information which IFRS Practice Statement expects to be included in management commentaries to meet its objectives. (5 Marks)

(b) Relate the FIVE elements of information above to the needs of the various primary users. (7 Marks)

(c) Justify why management commentaries should be made compulsory in Nigeria’s financial reporting environment. (3 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2c – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Assess revenue recognition change for NIXAQ sales under IFRS 15 and calculate total revenue for the year.

Maidogo Limited sells NIXAQ, a product manufactured by it, from several retail outlets. In previous years, the company has undertaken responsibility for fitting the product in customers’ premises. Customers pay for the product at the time they are ordered. The average length of time it takes from ordering to its fitting is 14 days. In previous years, Maidogo Limited had not recognised a sale in its books until the product had been successfully fitted because the rectification costs of any fitting error would be expensive.
With effect from 1 April, 2013, Maidogo Limited changed its method of trading by sub-contracting the fitting to approved contractors. Under this policy, the sub-contractors are paid by Maidogo Limited, and they (the sub-contractors) are liable for any errors made in the fitting. Consequently, Maidogo Limited is proposing to recognise sales when customers order and pay for the goods rather than when they have been fitted. Details of the relevant sales figures are:

Sales Figures Amount (N’000)
Sales made in retail outlets for the year to 31 March 2014 69,000
Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April 2013 3,600
Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April 2014 4,800

Note: The sales value of NIXAQ in the 14 days to 14 April 2013 are not included in the annual sales figure of N69million, but those for 14 April 2014 are included.

Required:
Discuss whether or not the above represents a change of accounting policy, and calculate the amount that you would include in the revenue for NIXAQ in the year to 31 March 2014. (6 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Outline audit procedures to identify material subsequent events and explain the purpose and importance of subsequent events review.

You have just concluded the audit of Roico Limited for the year ended 31 December, 2012. During the review of the working paper file, the partner in charge discovered that no information is available on activities after year-end. The partner instructed the team leader to carry out a review of the company’s activities after year-end. The team leader was not comfortable with the instruction and wants to know why it is necessary to examine accounting information relating to the next accounting period.

You are required to:

(a) Enumerate the audit procedures which would be carried out in order to identify any material subsequent events. (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the purpose and importance of subsequent events review. (5 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit of Specialized Industries

Identify seven key audit concerns in the extractive industry, focusing on labor issues, community impact, and compliance with regulations.

XYL Limited has been granted a license to operate in the extractive industry in the middle belt of the country, where there is an abundant mineral resource called Topaz. This mineral is in great demand in the manufacturing industries of Western Europe.

Due to the need for heavy equipment requiring intensive capital outlay, indigenous companies could not invest in the sector. Moreover, the technical expertise required in mining this product is not locally available.

The company was not only granted the license but also granted a pioneer status. The local community where operations take place supply the necessary labor, both skilled and unskilled. After a year, the workers’ union found out that they were paid far less than what the company is paying in similar operations in nearby countries. As a result of labor union activities, many workers were retrenched, and the company started making use of locals who had just completed secondary school education. Union activities were proscribed.

Being an extractive industry, the local people were affected as they could no longer carry out their economic activities as before.

Your firm has just been appointed as auditors of XYL Limited after three years of operation.

You are required to:

Explain SEVEN areas of concern that would be of interest to you as auditor and provide reasons for their importance. (15 Marks)

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q3b – Emerging Trends in Corporate Reporting

Discuss limitations of IFRS-based financial reporting and how integrated reporting enhances annual report usefulness.

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Agege Plc also informed you that as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), he recently attended the Mandatory Continuous Professional Education (MCPE) of the Institute. One of the papers presented was in the area of how to improve the quality of information that companies report at year-end.

Required:

As the financial consultant to Agege Plc., identify and discuss three limitations of financial reporting (prepared in accordance with IFRS) and the extent to which integrated reporting might improve the usefulness of the annual reports. (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q5b – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Discuss the importance of optimal disclosure and barriers to reducing excessive disclosures in annual reports.

There have been various arguments globally about the extent of disclosures in the annual reports of companies. Some argue that annual reports should include more extensive disclosures, while others believe that efforts should focus on reducing the quantity of information to avoid overwhelming users of financial statements.

The latter perspective suggests that excessive disclosure is burdensome and may obscure key information. Conversely, some argue that there is no such thing as providing too much useful information to users of financial statements.

Required:

Discuss why it is important to ensure that an optimal level of disclosure is made in annual reports. Also, identify and explain the barriers that may exist when trying to reduce excessive disclosure of information in an annual report. (7 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q19 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

This question identifies assignments that qualify as continuous audit functions.

Which of the following assignments can be regarded as a continuous audit function?
A. Examining the effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of a cement project
B. Evaluating the adequacy of the security and control measures of the information technology
C. Ascertaining the fairness of the annual financial statements and notes to the accounts
D. Reviewing the internal control procedures before commencing the audit
E. Reviewing the company’s compliance with relevant guidance and release of financial information periodically

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the merits and challenges of adopting IFRS in Nigeria and identify local standards still applicable post-IFRS adoption.

a. ABC Plc, in accordance with the regulations of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on transition to IFRS, prepared its first IFRS Financial Statement in 2012. The Financial Statement was contained in a voluminous document of 155 pages. Some of the stakeholders found it difficult to understand the essence of the voluminous document.

You are required to prepare a brief report, highlighting the essence and merits of the adoption of IFRS by Nigerian Companies and state some of the challenges that could be encountered. (10 Marks)

b. Statements of Accounting Standards (SAS) in Nigeria have been replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); however, some of these local standards relating to industry-specific rules which are not found in IFRS are expected to be applied by companies in the industries as far as they do not conflict with IFRS.

You are required to examine the above statement and identify those statements of Accounting Standards that are still applicable after the adoption of IFRS. (5 Marks)

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AT – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2c – Corporate Tax Compliance and Reporting

Determine whether Maidogo Limited’s revenue recognition change is a policy change and calculate adjusted revenue for NIXAQ.

Maidogo Limited sells NIXAQ, a product manufactured by it, from several retail outlets. In previous years, the company has undertaken responsibility for fitting the product in customers’ premises. Customers pay for the product at the time they are ordered. The average length of time it takes from ordering to its fitting is 14 days. In previous years, Maidogo Limited had not recognised a sale in its books until the product had been successfully fitted because the rectification costs of any fitting error would be expensive.

With effect from 1 April, 2013, Maidogo Limited changed its method of trading by sub-contracting the fitting to approved contractors. Under this policy, the sub-contractors are paid by Maidogo Limited and they (the sub-contractors) are liable for any errors made in the fitting. Consequently, Maidogo Limited is proposing to recognise sales when customers order and pay for the goods rather than when they have been fitted.

Details of the relevant sales figures are:

  • Sales made in retail outlets for the year to 31 March, 2014: N69,000,000
  • Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April, 2013: N3,600,000
  • Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April, 2014: N4,800,000

Note:
The sales value of NIXAQ in the 14 days to 14 April, 2013 is not included in the annual sales figure of N69 million, but those for the 14 days to 14 April, 2014 are included.

Required:

  1. Discuss whether the above represents a change in accounting policy.
  2. Calculate the amount to include in revenue for NIXAQ for the year to 31 March, 2014.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Evaluate IFRS management commentary requirements and their relevance in financial reporting.

Critics of traditional corporate financial reporting under Generally Acceptable Accounting Practice (GAAP) argue that financial statements alone are not considered sufficient without a narrative that provides a context within which to interpret the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of an entity.

A financial expert within the board of Abcon Kombe Plc, aware of the above criticism, has proposed that Abcon Kombe Plc should include in its financial statements, management commentary to satisfy the numerous analysts that use its annual reports.

Required:

(a) Advise the Board on FIVE elements of information which IFRS Practice Statement expects to be included in management commentaries to meet its objectives. (5 Marks)

(b) Relate the FIVE elements of information above to the needs of the various primary users. (7 Marks)

(c) Justify why management commentaries should be made compulsory in Nigeria’s financial reporting environment. (3 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q4a – Income Taxes (IAS 12)

Compute the impact of deferred tax on retained earnings and advise Lagos Plc on IAS 12 compliance.

The following is the statement of financial position of Lagos Plc as at 31 December, 2013, with its immediate two comparative years.

The management of Lagos Plc is not sure of the impact of IAS 12 (Income Taxes) on its retained earnings as at 31 December, 2013, as well as what the new deferred tax balance will be on migrating to IFRS.

The following information was also available as at the year-end:

Details Value (N’000)
Tax written down value of PPE 40,300
Tax written down value of goodwill 4,300
Tax base of trade receivables 29,800
Tax base of trade payables 13,000

Assume that current tax has been correctly computed in line with the applicable tax laws at 30%.

Required:
Using relevant computations, advise the management of Lagos Plc on the impact of deferred tax calculated on retained earnings in accordance with IAS 12.

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CR – Nov 2014 – L3 – SB – Q2c – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Assess revenue recognition change for NIXAQ sales under IFRS 15 and calculate total revenue for the year.

Maidogo Limited sells NIXAQ, a product manufactured by it, from several retail outlets. In previous years, the company has undertaken responsibility for fitting the product in customers’ premises. Customers pay for the product at the time they are ordered. The average length of time it takes from ordering to its fitting is 14 days. In previous years, Maidogo Limited had not recognised a sale in its books until the product had been successfully fitted because the rectification costs of any fitting error would be expensive.
With effect from 1 April, 2013, Maidogo Limited changed its method of trading by sub-contracting the fitting to approved contractors. Under this policy, the sub-contractors are paid by Maidogo Limited, and they (the sub-contractors) are liable for any errors made in the fitting. Consequently, Maidogo Limited is proposing to recognise sales when customers order and pay for the goods rather than when they have been fitted. Details of the relevant sales figures are:

Sales Figures Amount (N’000)
Sales made in retail outlets for the year to 31 March 2014 69,000
Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April 2013 3,600
Sales value of NIXAQ fitted in the 14 days to 14 April 2014 4,800

Note: The sales value of NIXAQ in the 14 days to 14 April 2013 are not included in the annual sales figure of N69million, but those for 14 April 2014 are included.

Required:
Discuss whether or not the above represents a change of accounting policy, and calculate the amount that you would include in the revenue for NIXAQ in the year to 31 March 2014. (6 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Outline audit procedures to identify material subsequent events and explain the purpose and importance of subsequent events review.

You have just concluded the audit of Roico Limited for the year ended 31 December, 2012. During the review of the working paper file, the partner in charge discovered that no information is available on activities after year-end. The partner instructed the team leader to carry out a review of the company’s activities after year-end. The team leader was not comfortable with the instruction and wants to know why it is necessary to examine accounting information relating to the next accounting period.

You are required to:

(a) Enumerate the audit procedures which would be carried out in order to identify any material subsequent events. (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the purpose and importance of subsequent events review. (5 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Audit of Specialized Industries

Identify seven key audit concerns in the extractive industry, focusing on labor issues, community impact, and compliance with regulations.

XYL Limited has been granted a license to operate in the extractive industry in the middle belt of the country, where there is an abundant mineral resource called Topaz. This mineral is in great demand in the manufacturing industries of Western Europe.

Due to the need for heavy equipment requiring intensive capital outlay, indigenous companies could not invest in the sector. Moreover, the technical expertise required in mining this product is not locally available.

The company was not only granted the license but also granted a pioneer status. The local community where operations take place supply the necessary labor, both skilled and unskilled. After a year, the workers’ union found out that they were paid far less than what the company is paying in similar operations in nearby countries. As a result of labor union activities, many workers were retrenched, and the company started making use of locals who had just completed secondary school education. Union activities were proscribed.

Being an extractive industry, the local people were affected as they could no longer carry out their economic activities as before.

Your firm has just been appointed as auditors of XYL Limited after three years of operation.

You are required to:

Explain SEVEN areas of concern that would be of interest to you as auditor and provide reasons for their importance. (15 Marks)

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q3b – Emerging Trends in Corporate Reporting

Discuss limitations of IFRS-based financial reporting and how integrated reporting enhances annual report usefulness.

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Agege Plc also informed you that as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), he recently attended the Mandatory Continuous Professional Education (MCPE) of the Institute. One of the papers presented was in the area of how to improve the quality of information that companies report at year-end.

Required:

As the financial consultant to Agege Plc., identify and discuss three limitations of financial reporting (prepared in accordance with IFRS) and the extent to which integrated reporting might improve the usefulness of the annual reports. (6 Marks)

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CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q5b – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Discuss the importance of optimal disclosure and barriers to reducing excessive disclosures in annual reports.

There have been various arguments globally about the extent of disclosures in the annual reports of companies. Some argue that annual reports should include more extensive disclosures, while others believe that efforts should focus on reducing the quantity of information to avoid overwhelming users of financial statements.

The latter perspective suggests that excessive disclosure is burdensome and may obscure key information. Conversely, some argue that there is no such thing as providing too much useful information to users of financial statements.

Required:

Discuss why it is important to ensure that an optimal level of disclosure is made in annual reports. Also, identify and explain the barriers that may exist when trying to reduce excessive disclosure of information in an annual report. (7 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q19 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

This question identifies assignments that qualify as continuous audit functions.

Which of the following assignments can be regarded as a continuous audit function?
A. Examining the effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of a cement project
B. Evaluating the adequacy of the security and control measures of the information technology
C. Ascertaining the fairness of the annual financial statements and notes to the accounts
D. Reviewing the internal control procedures before commencing the audit
E. Reviewing the company’s compliance with relevant guidance and release of financial information periodically

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