Question Tag: Exchange Rates

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation (IAS 21)

Discuss treatment of foreign currency transactions and accounting for investments in subsidiaries.

Omotola Nigeria Plc is a conglomerate which operates in different sectors of the economy. The company has many subsidiaries and associates across the six continents of the world, and its head office is located in Lagos, Nigeria. The shares of the company are listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.

The company is trying to finalize its financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2018, and the following accounting issues are being considered by the chief accountant based on the submission by the assistant accountant who is yet to complete her professional examinations with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria. The functional and presentation currency of Omotola Nigeria Plc. is Naira. The following transactions relate to the company:

(i) On May 1, 2017, Omotola Nigeria Plc. bought an investment property in the United States for $1,000,000. The company uses the fair value model of IAS 40 to account for the investment property, and the fair value at April 30, 2018, is determined to be $1,200,000. The assistant accountant is unsure which exchange rate to use in translating the investment property at the year end and how to recognize any exchange difference that may arise.

(ii) On May 1, 2017, Omotola Nigeria Plc. acquired a wholly owned subsidiary in the United States of America. The goodwill that arose on the acquisition of this subsidiary is $400,000. In addition, the company invested in an equity instrument on the same date, which is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 9.

Required:

a. In accordance with the requirement of IAS 21 – Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss the treatment of foreign currency transactions and the gain or loss arising therefrom.
(7 Marks)

b. Discuss how the transaction in (i) will be accounted for in the financial statements of Omotola Nigeria Plc. for the year ended April 30, 2018, in accordance with IAS 21.
(4 Marks)

c. Discuss how the transaction in (ii) will be accounted for in the financial statements of Omotola Nigeria Plc. for the year ended April 30, 2018, in accordance with IAS 21.
(4 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

BMF – May 2017 – L1 – SB – Q3b – The Business Environment

Explains the economic implications of a fall in the value of a nation’s currency.

Explain briefly the implications of a fall in the value of a nation’s currency.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – April 2022 – L2 – Q3 – Preparation of Financial Statements and Adjustments

Prepare the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position for Caput Plc for the year ended 31 December 2020, incorporating necessary adjustments.

The trial balance of Caput Plc, as at 31 December, 2020 is provided below:


Additional Information:
1. An inventory count at 31 December 2020 amounted to GH¢15,750,000. This includes damaged goods with a cost of GH¢1,200,000. These will require remedial work costing GH¢675,000 and could be sold for GH¢1,425,000.
2. Finance cost is made up of the full year’s preference and ordinary dividends paid.
3. Non-Current Assets:

  • Land and Building were revalued at GH¢22,500,000 and GH¢72,000,000 respectively on 1 January 2020, resulting in revaluation gain of GH¢11,000,000 for the current year. At that date, the remaining life of the building was 15 years. Depreciation is on a s

    • traight-line basis. Ignore deferred tax implications.

  • Depreciation on Plant and Equipment is at 12.5% on a reducing balance basis.
  • Investment Property: On 31 December 2020, a qualified surveyor valued the property at GH¢20,250,000. Caput Plc uses the fair value model under IAS 40: Investment Property to value its investment property.
  • It is the policy of the company to charge depreciation on a full-year basis

    • .

4. The directors have estimated the provision for income tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 at GH¢12,000,000. The deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 is to be adjusted so that the tax base of the company’s net assets is GH¢18,000,000 less than the carrying amount. Assume the rate of tax is 30%.
5. On 1 October 2020, Caput Plc imported a piece of equipment from a European supplier for €1 million and agreed to settle the bill in six months’ time. The relevant exchange rates are provided below:

No entries have been made for the above transaction. Any exchange difference on translation should be debited or credited to operating expenses.
Required:
Prepare for Caput Plc:
a) Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2020. (10 marks)
b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020. (10 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5a – Treasury and Advanced Risk Management Techniques

Calculate the impact of undertaking multilateral netting for Paakro Ltd and its subsidiaries using expected exchange rates.

Paakro Limited, based in Ghana, is the parent company of a group that contains three subsidiaries: Mangoase Limited based in Munich, Germany; Asaman Limited based in Atlanta, USA; and Nsawam Limited based in Tokyo, Japan. The following cash flows are due in three months’ time between Paakro Limited and its subsidiaries:

Owed by Owed to Amount
Paakro Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥3 million
Paakro Ltd Asaman Ltd $5 million
Mangoase Ltd Asaman Ltd $4 million
Mangoase Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥7 million
Asaman Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥2 million
Asaman Ltd Paakro Ltd $6 million
Nsawam Ltd Mangoase Ltd €12 million
Nsawam Ltd Paakro Ltd ¥5 million

The mid-rate exchange rates in three months’ time are expected to be:

  • GH¢4.0 = $1
  • GH¢3.0 = €1
  • GH¢3.5 = ¥1

Required:
Calculate, using a tabular format (transaction matrix), the impact of undertaking multilateral netting by Paakro Limited and its three subsidiary companies for the cash flows due in three months. (8 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare consolidated financial statements for Sawaba Group, including a foreign subsidiary, for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Sawaba Ltd (Sawaba) is a listed entity incorporated in Ghana with the object of producing and selling Designed clothing. The functional and presentation currency of Sawaba is the Ghana cedi (GH¢). In its quest to extend its market outside Ghana, the directors of the company decided to acquire a subsidiary in Nigeria. The corporate name of the investee entity is Enugu Plc (Enugu).

In pursuit to its agenda, Sawaba acquired 4,044,000 of the shares in Enugu for GH¢1,680,000 on 31 December 2014 when Enugu’s retained earnings stood at ₦5,752,000. Enugu operates as an autonomous subsidiary. Its functional currency is the Nigerian Naira (₦). The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Enugu were equivalent to their book values at the acquisition date.

The draft financial statements of Sawaba and its subsidiary, Enugu for 2017 financial year are set out below.

Statements of Profit or Loss and Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2017

i) Exchange rates moved as follows:
31 December 2014 ₦4.40 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2015 ₦4.16 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2016 ₦4.00 = GH¢1.00
15 May 2017 ₦3.90 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2017 ₦3.60 = GH¢1.00
Average for 2017 ₦3.75 = GH¢1.00

ii) Enugu paid an interim dividend of ₦7,488,000 on 15 May 2017. Sawaba also paid an interim dividend of GH¢1,400,000 on 30 September 2017. No other dividends were paid or declared in 2017.

iii) Assessment of consolidation goodwill for impairment indicated nil impairment in the consolidated financial statements by 31 December 2017. No goodwill impairment had been recognised in the previous years.

iv) Group policy is to measure non-controlling interests at fair value at the acquisition date. The fair value of the non-controlling interests in Enugu was measured at GH¢540,000 on 31 December 2014.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, an extract from the statement of changes in equity for income surplus for the year ended 31 December 2017 and the consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December 2017 for Sawaba Group.

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  • 7 Marks

CR – Mar 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Foreign currency

This question involves determining the functional currency of Mongu Plc and discussing the factors influencing this decision.

Mongu Plc (Mongu) is a diversified entity listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Its financial year ends on 30 September. Mongu Plc operates through its local and foreign subsidiaries. Most of Mongu’s revenues come from its foreign operations, but Mongu incurs a significant portion of its costs locally in Ghana. The local currency is the Ghana Cedi (GH¢), but Mongu’s subsidiaries operate in regions that use other currencies.

Required:
In accordance with IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, identify the functional currency of Mongu Plc, considering the relevant factors, and explain how exchange differences should be accounted for.

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  • 4 Marks

FM – NOV 2015 – L2 – Q5a – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Explain the concepts of Interest Rate Parity and Purchasing Power Parity.

a. Explain the following terms:
i. Interest rate parity (2 marks)
ii. Purchasing power parity (2 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation (IAS 21)

Discuss treatment of foreign currency transactions and accounting for investments in subsidiaries.

Omotola Nigeria Plc is a conglomerate which operates in different sectors of the economy. The company has many subsidiaries and associates across the six continents of the world, and its head office is located in Lagos, Nigeria. The shares of the company are listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.

The company is trying to finalize its financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2018, and the following accounting issues are being considered by the chief accountant based on the submission by the assistant accountant who is yet to complete her professional examinations with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria. The functional and presentation currency of Omotola Nigeria Plc. is Naira. The following transactions relate to the company:

(i) On May 1, 2017, Omotola Nigeria Plc. bought an investment property in the United States for $1,000,000. The company uses the fair value model of IAS 40 to account for the investment property, and the fair value at April 30, 2018, is determined to be $1,200,000. The assistant accountant is unsure which exchange rate to use in translating the investment property at the year end and how to recognize any exchange difference that may arise.

(ii) On May 1, 2017, Omotola Nigeria Plc. acquired a wholly owned subsidiary in the United States of America. The goodwill that arose on the acquisition of this subsidiary is $400,000. In addition, the company invested in an equity instrument on the same date, which is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 9.

Required:

a. In accordance with the requirement of IAS 21 – Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss the treatment of foreign currency transactions and the gain or loss arising therefrom.
(7 Marks)

b. Discuss how the transaction in (i) will be accounted for in the financial statements of Omotola Nigeria Plc. for the year ended April 30, 2018, in accordance with IAS 21.
(4 Marks)

c. Discuss how the transaction in (ii) will be accounted for in the financial statements of Omotola Nigeria Plc. for the year ended April 30, 2018, in accordance with IAS 21.
(4 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

BMF – May 2017 – L1 – SB – Q3b – The Business Environment

Explains the economic implications of a fall in the value of a nation’s currency.

Explain briefly the implications of a fall in the value of a nation’s currency.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – April 2022 – L2 – Q3 – Preparation of Financial Statements and Adjustments

Prepare the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position for Caput Plc for the year ended 31 December 2020, incorporating necessary adjustments.

The trial balance of Caput Plc, as at 31 December, 2020 is provided below:


Additional Information:
1. An inventory count at 31 December 2020 amounted to GH¢15,750,000. This includes damaged goods with a cost of GH¢1,200,000. These will require remedial work costing GH¢675,000 and could be sold for GH¢1,425,000.
2. Finance cost is made up of the full year’s preference and ordinary dividends paid.
3. Non-Current Assets:

  • Land and Building were revalued at GH¢22,500,000 and GH¢72,000,000 respectively on 1 January 2020, resulting in revaluation gain of GH¢11,000,000 for the current year. At that date, the remaining life of the building was 15 years. Depreciation is on a s

    • traight-line basis. Ignore deferred tax implications.

  • Depreciation on Plant and Equipment is at 12.5% on a reducing balance basis.
  • Investment Property: On 31 December 2020, a qualified surveyor valued the property at GH¢20,250,000. Caput Plc uses the fair value model under IAS 40: Investment Property to value its investment property.
  • It is the policy of the company to charge depreciation on a full-year basis

    • .

4. The directors have estimated the provision for income tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 at GH¢12,000,000. The deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2020 is to be adjusted so that the tax base of the company’s net assets is GH¢18,000,000 less than the carrying amount. Assume the rate of tax is 30%.
5. On 1 October 2020, Caput Plc imported a piece of equipment from a European supplier for €1 million and agreed to settle the bill in six months’ time. The relevant exchange rates are provided below:

No entries have been made for the above transaction. Any exchange difference on translation should be debited or credited to operating expenses.
Required:
Prepare for Caput Plc:
a) Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2020. (10 marks)
b) Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020. (10 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5a – Treasury and Advanced Risk Management Techniques

Calculate the impact of undertaking multilateral netting for Paakro Ltd and its subsidiaries using expected exchange rates.

Paakro Limited, based in Ghana, is the parent company of a group that contains three subsidiaries: Mangoase Limited based in Munich, Germany; Asaman Limited based in Atlanta, USA; and Nsawam Limited based in Tokyo, Japan. The following cash flows are due in three months’ time between Paakro Limited and its subsidiaries:

Owed by Owed to Amount
Paakro Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥3 million
Paakro Ltd Asaman Ltd $5 million
Mangoase Ltd Asaman Ltd $4 million
Mangoase Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥7 million
Asaman Ltd Nsawam Ltd ¥2 million
Asaman Ltd Paakro Ltd $6 million
Nsawam Ltd Mangoase Ltd €12 million
Nsawam Ltd Paakro Ltd ¥5 million

The mid-rate exchange rates in three months’ time are expected to be:

  • GH¢4.0 = $1
  • GH¢3.0 = €1
  • GH¢3.5 = ¥1

Required:
Calculate, using a tabular format (transaction matrix), the impact of undertaking multilateral netting by Paakro Limited and its three subsidiary companies for the cash flows due in three months. (8 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare consolidated financial statements for Sawaba Group, including a foreign subsidiary, for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Sawaba Ltd (Sawaba) is a listed entity incorporated in Ghana with the object of producing and selling Designed clothing. The functional and presentation currency of Sawaba is the Ghana cedi (GH¢). In its quest to extend its market outside Ghana, the directors of the company decided to acquire a subsidiary in Nigeria. The corporate name of the investee entity is Enugu Plc (Enugu).

In pursuit to its agenda, Sawaba acquired 4,044,000 of the shares in Enugu for GH¢1,680,000 on 31 December 2014 when Enugu’s retained earnings stood at ₦5,752,000. Enugu operates as an autonomous subsidiary. Its functional currency is the Nigerian Naira (₦). The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Enugu were equivalent to their book values at the acquisition date.

The draft financial statements of Sawaba and its subsidiary, Enugu for 2017 financial year are set out below.

Statements of Profit or Loss and Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2017

i) Exchange rates moved as follows:
31 December 2014 ₦4.40 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2015 ₦4.16 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2016 ₦4.00 = GH¢1.00
15 May 2017 ₦3.90 = GH¢1.00
31 December 2017 ₦3.60 = GH¢1.00
Average for 2017 ₦3.75 = GH¢1.00

ii) Enugu paid an interim dividend of ₦7,488,000 on 15 May 2017. Sawaba also paid an interim dividend of GH¢1,400,000 on 30 September 2017. No other dividends were paid or declared in 2017.

iii) Assessment of consolidation goodwill for impairment indicated nil impairment in the consolidated financial statements by 31 December 2017. No goodwill impairment had been recognised in the previous years.

iv) Group policy is to measure non-controlling interests at fair value at the acquisition date. The fair value of the non-controlling interests in Enugu was measured at GH¢540,000 on 31 December 2014.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, an extract from the statement of changes in equity for income surplus for the year ended 31 December 2017 and the consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December 2017 for Sawaba Group.

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  • 7 Marks

CR – Mar 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Foreign currency

This question involves determining the functional currency of Mongu Plc and discussing the factors influencing this decision.

Mongu Plc (Mongu) is a diversified entity listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Its financial year ends on 30 September. Mongu Plc operates through its local and foreign subsidiaries. Most of Mongu’s revenues come from its foreign operations, but Mongu incurs a significant portion of its costs locally in Ghana. The local currency is the Ghana Cedi (GH¢), but Mongu’s subsidiaries operate in regions that use other currencies.

Required:
In accordance with IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, identify the functional currency of Mongu Plc, considering the relevant factors, and explain how exchange differences should be accounted for.

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  • 4 Marks

FM – NOV 2015 – L2 – Q5a – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Explain the concepts of Interest Rate Parity and Purchasing Power Parity.

a. Explain the following terms:
i. Interest rate parity (2 marks)
ii. Purchasing power parity (2 marks)

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