Question Tag: Ethics

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CR – May 2023 – L3 – Q6b – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Discuss the ethical implications and possible actions for alleged unethical behavior in a corporate takeover.

On your first day at Omoge Nigeria Plc as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the company, you were sitting in the staff canteen where you overheard a conversation between two Admin Officers. They were gossiping about Mr. Adamu Salisu, the Finance Director.

According to their conversation, Mr. Adamu Salisu may have been involved in unethical activities related to Omoge Nigeria Plc’s takeover of Bobo Limited.

Key details include:

  • Mr. Salisu’s wife, Mrs. Salisu, was a director at Bobo Limited prior to the takeover and owned 30% of its shares.
  • It is alleged that Mr. Salisu substantially overpaid for Bobo Limited and facilitated the overpayment to benefit his wife.
  • The alleged unethical act involved colluding with his wife to falsify records submitted to the accountant conducting due diligence for the takeover.
  • Mr. Salisu is reportedly not well-liked by staff, who consider him intimidating and appear pleased at the prospect of him losing his job.

Required:

Discuss the ethical implications of the above and the possible actions that may arise from the incident. (5 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q7 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

This question tests understanding of actions that could result in criminal liability for an auditor.

An auditor will be criminally liable if he engages in the following, EXCEPT
A. Aiding a client to devise or execute crime
B. Agreeing with a client to conceal or destroy vital evidence
C. Advising a client to commit a criminal offence
D. Advising a client on steps to minimize tax liability taking advantage of the law
E. Assisting the client to commit an offence relating to money laundering

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q8 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identifying behaviors not generally applicable as unethical in financial services.

In a recent study involving different users of financial services in Nigeria, various types of unethical behaviour have been identified. Which of the following does NOT have general application in the industry?

A. Any act that does not follow the norms of a profession
B. Any act not in consonance with professional code of conduct
C. A conduct that is morally adjudged wrong, unbecoming, and below expectation
D. Behaviour that is based on moral or pre-modial principles
E. Deviations from standard and known code of conduct guiding an operation

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AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Understanding conditions under which an auditor may disclose client’s confidential information.

An auditor can disclose the client’s confidential information for the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. Auditor suspects that the client has committed treason
B. When there is a public duty to disclose
C. Disclosure is needed to protect the auditor’s interest
D. When the client has committed an act of felony
E. When information is formally requested by another client

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AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identifies exceptions where auditors may not disclose a client's confidential information.

Auditors can disclose the client’s confidential information for the following reasons EXCEPT:

  • A. Auditors know client has committed terrorist offence
  • B. Information is required by the auditor for another client
  • C. Auditors suspect client has committed treason
  • D. There is public duty to disclose
  • E. Disclosure is needed to protect auditor’s own interest

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AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identifies exceptions to threats that compromise auditor objectivity.

Threats to objectivity include the following EXCEPT:

  • A. Familiarity threat
  • B. Self-regulatory threat
  • C. Intimidation threat
  • D. Advocacy threat
  • E. Self-interest threat

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FM – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q3 – Corporate Governance and Financial Strategy

Discusses the ethical responsibilities companies face in developing an ethical framework and how ethical considerations impact main functional areas.

a. What are the main responsibilities faced by companies when developing an ethical framework, and in what ways can these responsibilities be addressed? (10 Marks)

b. Discuss how ethical considerations impact on each of the main functional areas of a firm. (10 Marks)

 

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AT – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Tax Planning and Management

Addressing ethical threats, safeguards, legal and ethical issues in tax, and ICAN's enforcement powers in professional accounting.

Professional ethics are essential for building trust and credibility with clients, colleagues, and society. The integrity and reputation of the profession are upheld by members who demonstrate ethical and globally accepted professional behavior. A retreat on “Ethics and professionalism in tax management in Nigeria” is to be organized by a reputable professional accounting firm for its newly employed audit officers and tax consultants.

Your professional accounting firm has been invited to send a resource person to present a paper at the workshop.

As the accounting firm’s Senior Manager (Audit), you are mandated to prepare and present the paper at the workshop covering the following areas:

a. Categories of threats that may pose a challenge to compliance with fundamental principles of the accounting profession. (3 Marks)
b. Safeguards that can be used to eliminate or reduce the identified threats. (4 Marks)
c. Identification of specific legal and ethical issues that could arise from tax engagements. (7 Marks)
d. Powers available to The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) in enforcing the ethical standards of its members. (6 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Ethical Issues in Financial Management

Explore ethical considerations in capital investment and apply the Black-Scholes model in company valuation.

You have recently taken up employment with Large Plc., a Nigerian company with manufacturing subsidiaries in many countries across Africa. As the Financial Analyst, you report directly to the Managing Director who currently requires briefings on the following areas:

(i) Ethical issues and capital investment decisions,
(ii) Options and company valuation

Required:

a. Explain, with examples, ethical issues that might affect capital investment decisions and discuss the importance of such issues for Strategic Financial Management. (8 Marks)

b. Explain the circumstances in which the Black-Scholes Option Pricing (BSOP) model could be used to assess the value of a company, including the data required for the variables used in the model. (7 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Analyze ethical considerations for an auditor accepting a client, including MD's remarks on audit expectations and conflict-of-interest procedures.

Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR) is a limited liability company floated by the
Federal Government to control water related activities and resources. Its operations
cover surface and under water activities. The company is about three years old. As is the practice with entities having government interest, NWR wanted to change the company‟s auditors. It therefore, invited tenders for the audit assignment through a national newspaper. In order to score an advantage over other bidders, the firm of John Ibrahim and Co. (Chartered Accountants) decided to quote a seemingly unrealistic fee level in order to get the job. The Managing Director (MD) of the company did not see anything wrong with the low professional fee level since it will save costs for the company, especially that despite the clean audit report of the previous years, fraud and financial misdemeanour went undetected. The MD believed the annual statutory audit is just to “fulfil all righteousness”. John Ibrahim and Co. has been rated high since this firm
has as its client, another company in the same line of trade.

If the firm, John Ibrahim & Co., wins the bid to audit Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR):

a. Explain the ethical matters the firm should consider before client acceptance, at the point of engagement acceptance, and after accepting the appointment. (12 Marks)

b. Assess the remarks of the MD of NWR from the point of the expectation of the public as regards audit assignments. (8 Marks)

c. Explain the procedures the audit firm should undertake to avoid conflict of interests that could affect the judgment of the firm since John Ibrahim & Co. audits another client that is in direct competition with NWR. (6 Marks)

d. Explain the guidelines of the Institute’s Code with respect to advertisement by members. (4 Marks)

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BMIS – Jul 2023 – L1 – Q1a – Professional ethics in accounting and business

Outlines ethical obligations of a company towards employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, and the community.

The basis for assessing excellent company performance is gradually moving away from profitability to how ethical the company operates and treats its stakeholders.

Required:
Outline TWO (2) ethical obligations of a company towards the following stakeholders.
i) Employees (2 marks)
ii) Customers (2 marks)
iii) Shareholders (2 marks)
iv) Suppliers (2 marks)
v) Community (2 marks)

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BMIS – Aug 2022 – L1 – Q1a – Professional ethics in accounting and business

Explains five duties expected of those charged with governance in an organization.

In 2017, some financial institutions in Ghana were placed under receivership. This was mainly due to poor corporate governance practices. Some of these practices were in clear violation of the duties and responsibilities of those charged with governance.

Required:

Explain FIVE (5) duties those charged with governance were expected to perform.

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AAA – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q1b – Professional responsibility and liability, Practice management

Evaluation of challenges and risks when auditing a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO).

b) You are a partner in a two-partner practice in a small rural town in Ashanti Region. Some local community groups recently got together and established a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). It aims to reduce poverty and inequality by supporting, influencing and advocacy around three interconnected pillars; Agriculture, Essential Services and Extractive Industry Governance.

The organisation is registered as a charity with a legal requirement to reinvest any excess of income over expenditure into the operation, or into other local community initiatives, as the management committee sees fit. The organisation is run by a management committee consisting of a member of the community council, the principal of the local school, two local business people, and the Parish Priest. Although, between them, they have considerable experience of various ‘for-profit’ and ‘not-for-profit’ ventures, none has particular experience of managing NGOs or charity organisations. The organisation is run on a day-to-day basis by the manager who is the only full-time employee experienced in the type of businesses involved. There is one other paid part-time employee – the assistant manager – but all other staff are volunteers.

It has been just over a year since the NGO was incorporated, and you are approached by a member of the management committee (a local business owner who is also one of your largest clients) to become the auditor of the NGO. He tells you that the committee, of course, would not expect you to provide this service entirely pro bono (free of charge). He also mentions that he knows you wouldn’t want to be seen to turn down this opportunity, given the way that “news can travel around in a small town”.

He is well aware that the revenue generated by the organisation is very low. The committee feels that the absence of an audit could be perceived as “negligent” or a “cover up” should any problems involving, for example, the misappropriation of assets emerge in the future.

Required:

Evaluate FIVE (5) challenges and other risks presented to your practice as a result of the request from your client to become the auditor of this NGO. (10 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q1a – Rules of professional conduct, Professional responsibility and liability

Discusses the importance of integrity in professional relationships and evaluates the ethical and professional behavior issues in audit practice.

a) Asumasi Opoku has recently been appointed as a partner of Offei-Ansah & Co, a firm of Chartered Accountants. He has been a close friend of the Engagement Partner (EP), the firm’s managing partner for many years. Asumasi was previously the training manager in the firm and he has now been asked to act as training partner. This is the first time Offei-Ansah & Co have designated a particular partner as having responsibility for training.

One of the audit trainees, Ellen Danso, noted that she was disturbed by something that had happened on an audit of a company called Bremang Ltd, a medium-sized family-run business and longstanding client of Offei-Ansah & Co.

Ellen was auditing purchases of non-current assets when she noticed a transaction that she thought might be suspicious. There was a charge of GH¢125,000 (an individually material amount) for a Power Plant for an address in a rural area (no electricity) with no obvious link to the company. When she asked Bremang’s financial controller about the matter, she was told it referred to the installation of such a plant in a house owned by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This was to facilitate excellent communications and interaction with the CEO especially during the last quarter of the year when he liked to reside there with his family. She further explained that part of the cost was attributed to having to pay for a personal broadband connection since the house was in an isolated area where normal broadband connections were unavailable.

The financial controller appeared surprised and even irritated by the queries about the matter and said that auditors had not previously been concerned about the company being charged for non-current assets and operational expenses at properties owned by the CEO.

The engagement partner on the assignment happened to be the managing partner. Ellen told him what she had found and the Engagement Partner simply said that the charge could probably be ignored. He did, however, say that he would include a reference to the matter in the written representations letter required by ISA 580: Written Representations adding with a smile that “paper never refused ink”. About two months later, Ellen looked at the completed files and the letter of representation in which there was no reference to the matter.

When Asumasi Opoku heard about Ellen’s concerns, he realised that there was an ethical issue. At the very least the transaction should have been disclosed as a related party transaction under IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures but the situation was made more complicated by the fact that the Engagement Partner was (for all practical purposes) still Asumasi’s boss in Offei-Ansah & Co.

Required:

i) Explain TWO (2) reasons why integrity in professional relationships such as those described in the above scenario is vital. (2 marks)

ii) Evaluate FOUR (4) ethical and professional behavior issues relating to the stance of the Engagement Partner. (8 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3a – Current Issues, Professional Responsibility and Liability

Evaluate potential money laundering issues in an audit client and discuss the need for ethical guidance for accountants on money laundering.

Sampa Sawmill Ltd. is a company located in the Eastern Region of Ghana, involved in the exportation of wood products to overseas countries. Sampa Sawmill Ltd. is of late being accused of involvement in money laundering. Sampa had been an audit client of Tetteh and Associates, a firm of Chartered Accountants for the past three years.

Required:

i) As an Audit Manager of Tetteh and Associates in charge of Sampa Sawmill Ltd., evaluate the issues you will consider to prove or disprove the allegation. (5 marks)

ii) Discuss the need for ethical guidance for professional accountants on money laundering.

(5 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q1a – Rules of professional conduct | Professional responsibility and liability

Discuss ethical and professional issues raised concerning auditors holding shares, fund management by a company with ties to the audit firm, and an audit team member’s spouse inheriting shares in an audit client.

a) i) Sampson Quaye & Co. has been auditors for Stawac plantations Ltd (a company engaged in rubber production) for the past 10 years. Sampson Quaye & Co owns 1% of the shares in Stawac Plantation Ltd., since it is required by the policy of Stawac Plantation Ltd. for their auditors to do so.

ii) United Funds Ltd. are the fund managers of Sampson Quaye & Co.’s Provident Fund Scheme. United Funds Ltd. owns shares in Standard Group, a company listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange with many subsidiaries. Sampson Quaye & Co has been invited by Akroma Ltd., a Subsidiary of Standard Group to tender for its audit.

iii) Nenebi is the audit senior of Sampson Quaye & Co. responsible for the audit of Minimade Ltd. a company listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Two weeks into the audit of the accounts of Minimade Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2014, Narteykie, the wife of Nenebi, inherited 2000 equity shares owned by her late father in Minimade Ltd.

Required: Comment on the ethical and other professional issues raised by the above matters. (10 marks)

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AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2a – Rules of Professional Conduct, Professional Responsibility and Liability

Discuss ethical issues and recommended actions related to long-term audit engagements and conflicts of interest in two separate cases.

You are the Ethics partner of the firm Minnow Associates and the following issues have been brought to your attention for a number of clients for the audit for the year ended 29 February 2016. Each case is separate:

i) Forest Hotel Limited
This has been an audit client of your firm for over fifteen years. The partners and audit teams have been rotated every four to five years. A review of the audit file shows that the company acquired a number of flat screen televisions for a refurbished section of the hotel. These flat screen televisions were imported from China in the names of the children of the directors to avoid paying import duties. The audit engagement partner did not make any comment on this, though an audit note from the Audit Manager had requested direction from the engagement partner on what needed to be done on the issue.

Further investigation revealed that the Procurement Advisory Section of your firm had handled the importation and clearing of the TVs for the client.

ii) Kwahu Microfinance Limited (KML)
Kwahu Microfinance is a first-time audit client. The audit was acquired through a bidding process supervised by Bank of Ghana (BOG) as the previous auditors had not performed to the satisfaction of the regulator.

The Engagement partner has reported that the time and cost budgets have all been substantially exceeded due to unforeseen difficulties associated with getting reliable information for agreeing the opening balances. The current year’s information and its audit, however, did not seem to pose any problems.

However, a business controlled by the husband of the Audit Manager has been found to have taken a huge loan from KML just before the start of the bidding process for the audit. The engagement partner reported that this loan has been written off by the company in the year without any payments being made. The Audit Manager says she is unaware of the loan write-off because she’s not a director of her husband’s company. She was, however, aware of the loan when she was asked to become the manager on the audit. The Financial Manager of Kwahu Microfinance Limited believes that this is not an audit matter.

Required:
For each issue above, discuss the ethical issues raised and recommend the relevant actions to be taken by your firm.

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AAA – May 2020 – L3 – Q1a -Rules of professional conduct, Professional responsibility and liability

Discuss five ethical issues arising for auditors when performing an audit engagement.

You are an audit manager at Abdulai Afriyie & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are currently preparing the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd for the year ended 28 February 2019. Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd is a small Mining and Minerals Company which offers an extensive range of services that covers exploration, jewellery production, industrial applications, decommissioning and closure. You reviewed the previous years’ files for this client and noted the following:

i) The previous financial statements were prepared by the Consulting Division of Abdulai Afriyie & Co. and there is nothing in any of the files to suggest any particular difficulty with the assignment.

ii) In the course of the review of the files, it was observed there is a note explaining that on the completion of the assignment, each member of the consulting team with whom the client had come into contact, was given a gift of “presentation box” of the client’s Jewelleries. These presentation boxes contain samples of each of the different jewelleries produced by the client. These boxes are not available for sale but are sometimes given as gifts (for example, at Christmas) to loyal customers and others such as school principals who are seen to bring business to the client. Since this was a non-assurance assignment, the gifts were automatically and gratefully accepted.

iii) In early January 2019, the company received correspondence from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) claiming that the company has failed to pay certain mineral royalties which are usually charged on the jewellery manufactured. Normally, these levies are automatically deducted when miners or mining companies sell minerals to dealers. In this case, all of the minerals extracted were used to make jewels and ornaments by the company itself; and so the company never considered the possibility that such royalties might apply to it. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd tells you that he has done some research into the issue. It is his view that an argument can be made that the royalties do not apply in this case. However, should they apply, the amounts outstanding could be material since a number of years of non-payment might be involved. The CEO is aware that Abdulai Afriyie & Co. has a lot of Jewelleries based clients and has asked if Abdulai Afriyie & Co. would handle this matter as a separate assignment in addition to the audit.

Required:
Discuss FIVE (5) ethical issues that may arise for Abdulai Afriyie & Co. in relation to the audit of Adoma Mining & Jewelleries Ltd. (10 marks)

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AAA – May 2018 – L3 – Q4b -Internal audit and outsourcing

Discuss the nature of consultancy projects in internal auditing and how to minimize associated risks.

Recent developments in corporate governance focus on the importance of an organisation’s ability to identify and manage risk. It is the responsibility of management to identify and respond to risk, but as part of the organisation’s internal control, internal audit can help provide assurance that risks have been managed properly. Internal auditors may also be involved in providing consultancy services. However, a balance needs to be struck between a wish to increase the level of responsibility given to internal auditors, in order to benefit from their skills, and the danger that involvement which amounts to management involvement would compromise the independence of the internal auditors.

Required:

i) Discuss the nature of consultancy projects in internal auditing and the dangers in internal auditing becoming too involved in consultancy projects. (6 marks)
ii) Recommend FOUR actions to be taken to minimize the danger posed by internal audit becoming too involved in consultancy projects. (4 marks)

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