Question Tag: Earnings Per Share

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  • 20 Marks

FM – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Financial Planning and Forecasting

Evaluate financing options for Tope's Cellular Stores, including impact on profit, EPS, gearing, and shareholder perspective.

Tope operates a chain of cellular telephone stores in the country. An abbreviated profit or loss account and statement of financial position of the business for the year that has just ended is as follows:

Abbreviated Profit or Loss Account for the Year Ended 31 May 2023

Item Amount (₦’000)
Sales 6,450
Operating profit for the year 800
Interest payable (160)
Net profit before taxation 640
Tax (20%) (128)
Net profit after taxation 512
Dividends proposed (256)
Retained profit for the year 256

Abbreviated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 May 2023

Item Amount (₦’000)
Non-current assets at written down values 3,500
Current assets 1,800
Less: Current liabilities (1,100)
Net Current Assets 700
Total Assets 4,200
Less: Long-term liabilities (2,000)
Net Assets 2,200
Capital and Reserves
₦0.50 ordinary shares 600
Retained profit 1,600
Total Capital and Reserves 2,200

The company is expecting a surge in sales following advances in cellular telephone technology that should translate into additional operating profits of ₦180,000 per year for the foreseeable future. However, the company will need to invest ₦1,200,000 immediately in expanding the asset base of the business if it is to achieve these additional profits.

The business has approached a large supplier that already has an equity investment in the business to see whether it would be prepared to provide further funds for the business. The supplier has indicated it would be willing to provide the necessary funds by either:

(i) An issue of ₦0.50 ordinary shares at a premium of ₦1.50 per share; or
(ii) An issue of ₦1,200,000 10% debt at par.

The Board of Directors of Tope has already announced that it will maintain the same dividend payout ratio in future years as in the past, and that this policy will be unaffected by the form of finance raised.

Required:

a. For each of the financing options: i. Prepare a forecast profit or loss account for the forthcoming year. (5 Marks)
ii. Calculate the forecast earnings per share for the forthcoming year. (2 Marks)
iii. Calculate the projected level of gearing (D/(D+E)) at the end of the forthcoming year. (2 Marks)

b. Calculate the level of operating profit at which the earnings per share will be the same under each financing option. (3 Marks)

c. Evaluate each of the financing options from the viewpoint of an existing shareholder. (2 Marks)

d. Discuss the factors that will influence a company to finance through debt or equity, and whether to opt for long-term or short-term debt. (6 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q4 – Strategic Performance Measurement

Evaluate Yemi John Plc’s financial performance and analyze financing options for expansion in line with shareholder wealth and earnings growth.

Yemi John Plc. (YJ) is planning to raise N30 million in new finance for a major expansion of its existing business and is considering a rights issue, a placing, or an issue of bonds. The corporate objectives of YJ, as stated in its annual report, are to maximize the wealth of its shareholders and to achieve continuous growth in earnings per share. Recent financial information on YJ is as follows:

Year 2017 2016 2015 2014
Turnover (Nm) 28.0 24.0 19.1 16.8
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) (Nm) 9.8 8.5 7.5 6.8
Profit after tax (PAT) (Nm) 5.5 4.7 4.1 3.6
Dividends (Nm) 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.6
Ordinary shares (Nm) 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
Reserves (Nm) 13.7 10.4 7.6 5.1
8% Bonds, redeemable 2024 (Nm) 20 20 20 20
Share price (N) 8.64 5.74 3.35 2.67

The par value of the shares of YJ is N1.00 per share. The general level of inflation has averaged 4% per year in the period under consideration. The bonds of YJ are currently trading at their par value of N100. The values for the business sector of YJ are as follows:

  • Average return on capital employed: 25%
  • Average return on shareholders’ fund: 20%
  • Average interest coverage: 20 times
  • Average debt/equity ratio (market value basis): 50%
  • Return predicted by the capital asset pricing model: 14%

EBIT/closing total capital employed

Required:

a. Evaluate the financial performance of YJ, analyzing and discussing the extent to which the company has achieved its stated objectives of:
i. maximizing the wealth of its shareholders; and
ii. achieving continuous growth in earnings per share. (13 Marks)

Note: Up to 8 marks are available for financial analysis.

b. Analyze and discuss the relative merits of a rights issue, a placing, and an issue of bonds as ways of raising finance for the expansion. (7 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Associates and Joint Ventures (IAS 28

Calculate and interpret key financial ratios for Wole-Adura Group and evaluate liquidity.

Set out below are the draft accounts of Wole-Adura Plc and subsidiaries and of Maseru Associates. Wole-Adura acquired 40% of the equity capital of Maseru Associates three years ago when the latter’s retained earnings stood at N140m.

Abridged statement of financial position

Wole-Adura Plc & Subsidiaries Maseru Associates
Property, plant, and equipment 990 Nm
Investment in Maseru Associates at cost 290 Nm
Loan to Maseru Associates 70 Nm
Current assets 450 Nm
Loan from Wole-Adura Plc. –
Total Assets 1800 Nm

FINANCED BY:

| Ordinary shares of 50k each | 1,125 Nm | 350 Nm | | Retained earnings | 675 Nm | 350 Nm | | Total Equity | 1800 Nm | 700 Nm |

Abridged statements of profit or loss

Wole-Adura Plc & Subsidiaries Maseru Associates
Profit before tax 427.50 Nm
Tax expense (157.50 Nm)
Profit after tax 270.00 Nm

Additional information:

(i) Wole-Adura proposed a dividend of N225m.
(ii) Total market capitalisation is N5,625m.

Required:

(a) Calculate each of these ratios for Wole-Adura Plc. and subsidiaries:

  1. Earnings per share
  2. Dividend cover
  3. Earnings yield
  4. Dividend yield

(4 Marks)

(b)

  1. Using the equity method, compute the earnings of the group incorporating the associates. (4 Marks)
  2. Compute the ratios in (a) above for the group. (4 Marks)

(c) Comment on the ratios calculated in (a) and (b) above by pairwise comparison. (3 Marks)

(d) Extracts from the financial statements of Ikoku Plc. recently published are as follows:

Statement of profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2017

2017 2016
Revenue 360 Nm
Cost of sales (150 Nm)
Gross profit 210 Nm
Operating expenses (50 Nm)
Operating profit 160 Nm
Interest expense (10 Nm)
Tax expense (60 Nm)
Profit for the year 90 Nm

Statement of financial position as at December 31, 2017

2017 2016
Non-current assets
Property, plant & equipment 80 Nm
Current assets
Inventory 200 Nm
Trade receivables 70 Nm
Bank (50 Nm)
Total assets 300 Nm

Equity & liabilities

| Ordinary shares of N1 each | 60 Nm | 40 Nm | | Current liabilities | | | Trade payables | 190 Nm | 60 Nm | | Current tax | 50 Nm | 15 Nm | | Total liabilities and equity | 300 Nm | 115 Nm |

Required:

Discuss the liquidity challenges of Ikoku Plc. during the year ended December 31, 2017, from the extracts of the published financial statements. (5 Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FM – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q1 – Mergers and Acquisitions

Evaluate Finkex Plc's acquisition strategy of Toba Plc, focusing on share-for-share impact, valuation methods, and shareholder implications.

Finkex Plc (FP) is a listed company that operates in the pharmaceutical sector, manufacturing a broad range of drugs under license in a number of countries along the ECOWAS sub-region. For a number of years, the company has grown organically.

Three years ago, the company acquired 20% of the issued share capital of Toba Plc (TP) for N110 million, as a route to both expansion and diversification. The acquisition was by private negotiation in exchange for an issue of its own shares.

Toba Plc is involved in a different area of the pharmaceutical sector from FP as it is primarily a research-driven company involved in the development of new drugs.

To expedite the realization of its diversification strategy, the directors of FP have now decided to acquire the remaining 80% of Toba’s share capital.

Extracts from the financial statements of Finkex Plc are given below:

Finkex Plc – Extracts from financial statements for the last two years

Year 2023 2022
N’m N’m
Non-current assets (including investment in Toba plc) 602.8 499.4
Current assets 265.0 180.4
Total Assets 867.8 679.8
Current liabilities 199.2 136.8
Total assets less current liabilities 668.6 543.0
Non-current liabilities 149.5 159.4
Net assets 519.1 383.6
Issued share capital (ordinary shares of ₦1 each) 100.0 73.6
Share premium 84.0 12.4
Profit or loss account 335.1 297.6
Total Equity 519.1 383.6
Sales revenue 1320.6 496.0
Earnings after tax 51.50 37.60
Dividend 14.0 14.0
Retained profits 37.5 23.6

All that is known about Toba Plc is that it has 114 million shares in issue; total share capital and reserves are N684 million; earnings after tax in the most recent year were ₦85.2 million on sales of N1,252.0 million, which were double those of the previous year; and that it has an investment valued at N80 million (book and market) in a type of enterprise which might not be of interest to Finkex Plc.

The current stock market prices per share are: Finkex Plc 300k; Toba plc 341k. Both companies pay tax at 50%.

Required:

a. At the above market prices, how many shares of Finkex Plc would have to be issued to buy the rest of Toba Plc on a share-for-share offer? (4 Marks)

b. With regard to earnings and also the book value of assets per share, how would the above share-for-share offer affect the position of:

i. Existing shareholders in Finkex Plc; (6 Marks)

ii. The 80% shareholders in Toba Plc whose shares were to be acquired? (4 Marks)

c. Assuming that the 80% shareholders in Toba Plc were prepared to accept ₦80 million 10% Loan Stock as part of the consideration:

i. What advantages might there be for Finkex Plc in this arrangement? (2 Marks)

ii. What total price could Finkex Plc afford to pay without diluting the earnings per share of its existing shareholders, as calculated in (b) (i) above? (6 Marks)

d. If the board of Toba Plc decided to advise its shareholders not to accept an offer from Finkex Plc, what arguments might they use – including any derived from the financial information available about Finkex Plc?

(8 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Analyze the profitability, cash flow, and investor ratios of Mama-Kitchen PLC and discuss dividend policy and EPS limitations.

Mama-Kitchen PLC owns a number of subsidiaries that operate standard fast-food eateries in all the six geopolitical zones of the country. You are the financial analyst of your Bank (Pam-Pam Bank Nigeria Limited) which owns 10% of the issued share capital of Mama-Kitchen PLC.

You are provided with the following financial and background information on Mama-Kitchen PLC.

Mama-Kitchen PLC

Consolidated statement of profit or loss for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Revenue 188,900 145,850
Cost of sales (141,700) (110,400)
Gross profit 47,200 35,450
Admin expenses (31,200) (22,400)
Profit from operations 16,000 13,050
Finance cost (2,050) (2,100)
Profit before taxation 13,950 10,950
Income tax expense (3,050) (2,300)
Profit for the year 10,900 8,650
Earnings per share – basic 26.8k 21.3k
Earnings per share – diluted 21.2k 19.2k

Mama-Kitchen PLC

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit before taxation 13,950 10,950
Finance cost 2,050 2,100
Depreciation and amortisation 15,300 11,050
Loss on disposal of PPE 150 50
(Increase)/decrease in inventories (200) 50
Increase/decrease in receivables (1,250) (100)
Increase in trade payables 2,250 650
Total 32,250 24,750
Interest paid (2,050) (2,200)
Tax paid (1,600) (1,300)
Net cash flows from operating activities 28,600 21,250
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of PPE (29,850) (28,950)
Proceed from sale of PPE 100 150
Net cash used in investing activities (29,750) (28,800)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issues of shares 1,200 100
Borrowings 3,250 10,000
Net cash flow from financing activities 4,450 10,100
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,300 2,550
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning 12,400 9,850
Cash and cash equivalents at year end 15,700 12,400

Details of revenue, fast food outlets profits, and new fast food outlets openings for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Revenue per fast food outlets:
At September 30 1,770 1,715
Opened in the current financial year 1,290 –
Gross profit per outlet opened
At September 30 435 415
In the current financial year 345

Note:

  • 30 new outlets were opened during the year ended September 30, 2023, bringing the total to 115 fast food outlets.

Additional financial information

2023 2022
Gross profit margin 25% 24.3%
Debt equity ratio 35.2% 44.4%
Current ratio 0.56:1 0.48:1
Trade payables payment period 86 days 103 days
Return on capital employed 20% 19.1%
Cash return on capital employed 40.2% 36.3%
Earnings before Interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (N‟m) 31,300 24,100
Non-current assets turnover 1.68 times 1.49 times
Share price (at September 30) 302k 290k

Background information

i. Mama-Kitchen PLC has a reputation of depreciating its assets more slowly than others in the industry.

ii. The strategy of the group is to fund new fast food outlets capital expenditure from existing operating cash flows without needing to raise new borrowings.

iii. Revenue growth in the industry is estimated at 4.1% per annum.

iv. It is the company’s policy to increase promotional and advertising spending on new outlets to encourage strong initial sales.

v. The board has accused the management of concentrating on new outlet openings to the detriment of existing outlets.

vi. One of your colleagues, a financial analyst, stated that the company has not been able to pay dividends because of the debit balance on its consolidated retained earnings.

Required:

a. Draft a report addressed to the Managing Director of Pam-Pam Bank Limited analyzing the profitability, cash flows, and investor ratios of Mama-Kitchen PLC. You should also identify and justify matters that you consider will require further investigations.
(13 Marks)

b. Explain the validity or otherwise of your colleague financial analyst’s statement that Mama-Kitchen PLC was unable to pay dividends because of the debit balance on consolidated retained earnings.
(4 Marks)

c. Explain the usefulness and limitations of diluted earnings per share information to investors.
(3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4a & b – Earnings Per Share (IAS 33)

Discuss diluted EPS and calculate EPS measures for Ebonyi Limited.

IAS 33 requires publicly-traded companies to calculate a diluted Earning Per Share (EPS) in addition to their basic EPS for the current year (with a comparative diluted EPS for the previous year), allowing for the effect of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Required: a. Explain the purpose of the dilutive measures and discuss THREE types of dilution. (8 Marks)

b. The statement of financial position (extracts) for Ebonyi Limited for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:

Equity and Liabilities N’000
Ordinary shares (N1 each) 12,000
Retained earnings 36,000
Equity 48,000
Non-current liabilities:
5% convertible loan notes 4,000

Additional information: i. As at December 31, 2022, there has been no new issue of shares or loan notes for several years.
ii. The loan notes are convertible into ordinary shares in year 2023 or year 2024 at the following rates.
iii. At 30 shares for every N100 of loan notes if converted at December 31, 2023.
iv. At 25 shares for every N100 of loan notes if converted at December 31, 2024.
v. Company income tax rate is 30% on profit.

Required: Calculate the basic EPS and diluted EPS for year 2022. (8 Marks)

c. IAS 33 allows an entity to disclose an alternative measure of EPS in addition to the EPS calculated.

Required: Identify and explain TWO conditions that are required in accordance with IAS 33 to be complied with where an alternative measure of EPS is shown in the financial statements of an entity. (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FR – May 2015 – L2 – SB – Q4 – Earnings Per Share

Calculate Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share for Kubua Plc, factoring in share options.

(a) The following information is extracted from the financial statements of Kubua Plc for the year ended 30 September 2014:

Item Amount (N’000)
Ordinary Share Capital (fully paid at 1.25 kobo each) 20,000
Operating Profit before Tax 4,000

Other relevant information:

  1. The company’s income tax rate is 30%.
  2. The average fair value of one ordinary share during the year was N5.00.
  3. During the year, the company issued share options for 2.5 million ordinary shares to existing shareholders at an exercise price of N4.00.

Required:
Calculate the basic and diluted Earnings Per Share for the year ended 30 September 2014. Show all workings. (5 Marks)

(b) Extract from the Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income of Bajulaye Plc. for the years ended:

Date 30/09/2014 (N’000) 30/09/2013 (N’000)
Revenue 5,000 2,800
Profit Before Interest and Taxes (PBIT) 2,500 1,200

Extract from the Statements of Financial Position as at:

Date 30/9/2014 (N’000) 30/9/2013 (N’000)
Issued Share Capital (Ordinary Shares at 50k each) 3,000 3,000
12% Redeemable Preference Shares 1,500 1,500
Total Equity 4,500 4,500

Other relevant information:

  • On 1 January 2013, the entity issued convertible loan notes of N2,000,000 with an effective interest rate of 10% per annum.
  • The loan notes are convertible at nominal values of N100 each into the following number of ordinary shares:
    • 30 September 2018: 130 shares
    • 30 September 2019: 125 shares
    • 30 September 2020: 114 shares
    • 30 September 2021: 105 shares
  • Company income tax rate is 30%.

Required:

  1. Calculate the basic and diluted Earnings Per Share for the year ended 30 September 2014. (8 Marks)
  2. Write a short memo to the Board of Directors of Bajulaye Plc explaining FOUR advantages and THREE limitations of Earnings Per Share as a performance indicator to users of financial statements. (7 Marks)

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  • 7 Marks

FR – Nov 2022 – L2 – Q6b – Potential Ordinary Shares

Rank the types of potential ordinary shares and calculate the diluted EPS for Jumai Nigeria Limited.

The following information relates to Jumai Nigeria Limited for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Issued ordinary shares of 50k each N3,000,000
Profit for the year N18,000,000
Average market price of shares during the year was N70 per share. The potential financial instruments in existence in the company are detailed below:
i. 800,000 options with exercise price of N52.50.
ii. 5% convertible bond of N6,000,000. Each bond is convertible in year 2025 into ordinary shares at the rate of 30 new shares for every N100 bonds.
iii. 200,000 8% convertible preference shares at N10 per share. Each preference share is convertible in year 2024 at the rate of one ordinary share for every 25 preference shares held. The Company income tax rate is 30%. Assume that all the options are exercised.
Required:
Rank the potential ordinary shares and calculate the diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2020. (7 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

FR – May 2024 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Statement of Cash Flows (IAS 7)

Preparation of financial statements for Adama PLC, including profit or loss, changes in equity, and memo on EPS and ROCE.

a. The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Adama Plc as at June 30, 2022:

Additional information:

  1. The value of the freehold land and buildings includes a land element of N266,800,000, and the estimated remaining life of the buildings at July 1, 2021, was 25 years. Depreciation on buildings is charged 65% to cost of sales and 35% to administrative expenses.
  2. The revenue includes N69,250,000 for an item of office equipment disposed of on November 30, 2021. The equipment had a carrying value of N46,060,000 at the date of sale. The equipment cost N75,000,000 when acquired three years ago.
  3. Included in the cost of sales is N82,600,000 incurred in the manufacture of new office equipment, which was put to use by Adama PLC on February 1, 2022.
  4. All office equipment is depreciated at 15% per annum using the reducing balance method, charged to cost of sales. Depreciation on all motor vehicles is at 20% per annum on a straight-line basis and charged to distribution costs. Depreciation is charged in full in the year of acquisition and no charge in the year of disposal.
  5. Following the conclusion of winding-up proceedings for one of Adama PLC’s customers, it was resolved to write off the sum of N26,450,000 due from the customer and to make an allowance for doubtful receivables of 2½% on the continuing trade receivables.
  6. The financial assets are equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss, and they suffered an impairment loss of N12,700,000 at the year-end.
  7. The 3% redeemable loan notes were issued on October 1, 2021, under terms that provided for a large premium on redemption in 2025. These terms were interpreted by the finance director to mean an effective interest rate of 6½% per annum.
  8. The income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2022, is estimated at N143,552,000, while the deferred tax payable for the same period is N12,520,000. There was an over-provision of N25,664,000 in respect of income tax for the previous trading year.
  9. The suspense account balance represents the corresponding credit entry for shares issued at a premium of 15 kobo per share, arising from the issue of 400,000 ordinary shares made during the year.
  10. The directors recommended a 20 kobo final dividend per ordinary share for the year and a transfer of N38,900,000 to the general reserve.

Required: Prepare for Adama PLC the following financial statements:

  1. Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended June 30, 2022. (10 Marks)
  2. Statement of changes in equity for the same period. (4 Marks)
  3. Statement of financial position as of June 30, 2022. (10 Marks)

b. Some new trainee accountants in your organization discussed Earnings Per Share (EPS) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) as the best ratios for analyzing an entity’s financial performance. The finance director has requested a memo explaining these ratios and highlighting their limitations.

Required:
Prepare a memo to the finance director explaining the EPS and ROCE ratios and their limitations. (6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Analyzing capital structure to compute estimated share values and recommend optimal structure.

A firm has recently collected the following data in respect of its capital structure, expected earnings per share, and required rate of return.

Debt Ratio % Expected Earnings Per Share (N) Required Rate of Return (%)
0 3.10 14
10 3.80 16
20 4.60 17
30 5.25 19
40 5.70 20
50 5.00 22
60 4.50 24

You are required to:
a. Compute the estimated share values. (10 Marks)
b. Determine the optimal capital structure based on the maximization of expected earnings per share and the maximization of share values. (5 Marks)
c. Which capital structure criterion would you recommend and why? (5 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AFM – May 2019 – L3 – Q3a – Valuation of acquisitions and mergers

Use comparative analysis to value Alpha Ltd based on data from Beta Ltd and Gamma Ltd, and discuss factors for private company valuation.

At a meeting of the Directors of the Alpha Company Limited – a privately owned company – in May 1975, the recurrent question is raised as to how the company is going to finance its future growth and at the same time enable the founders of the company to withdraw a substantial part of their investment. A public quotation was discussed in 1974 but because of the depressed nature of the stock market at that time, consideration was deferred. Although the matter is not of immediate urgency, the Chairman of the company – one of the founders – produces the following information which he has recently obtained from a firm of financial analysts in respect of two publicly quoted companies, Beta Limited and Gamma Limited, which are similar to Alpha Limited in respect to size, asset composition, financial structure, and product mix.

The only information you have available at the meeting in respect of Alpha Limited is the final accounts for 1974, which disclose the following:
Alpha Limited
Share Capital (no variation for 8 years) 100,000 Ordinary GH¢1 Share
Post-Tax Earnings GH¢400,000
Gross Dividends GH¢100,000
Book Value GH¢3,500,000

From memory, you are of the view that the post-tax earnings and gross dividends for 1974 were at least one-third higher than the average of the previous five years.

Required:

i) Use the information provided to answer the Chairman’s question on what Alpha Ltd was worth in 1974.
ii) Discuss FOUR (4) factors to be taken into account in trying to assess the potential market value of shares in a private company when they are first offered for public subscription.

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  • 3 Marks

CR – May 2018 – L3 – Q2b – IAS 33: Earnings per Share

Discuss the significance of EPS in analyzing company performance under IAS 33.

Earnings per share (EPS) is one of the most widely watched measures of company performance because of its significance. IAS 33 – Earnings per Share sets out the requirements for calculating and disclosing the basic earnings per share figure for quoted entities.

Required:
Discuss the significance of the earnings per share (EPS) figure to the analysis of company performance. (3 marks)

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  • 7 Marks

CR – Apr 2022 – L3 – Q2c – Earnings Per Share

Calculate and restate earnings per share (EPS) for the current and previous year, factoring in rights and bonus issues under IAS 33.

On 1 January 2020, Kalimba Ltd had 2 million ordinary shares in issue. On 30 April 2020, the company issued 270,000 ordinary shares at full market price. On 31 July 2020, the company made a rights issue of 1 for 10 at GH¢2. The fair value of the shares on the last day before the rights issue was GH¢3.10. On 30 September 2020, the company made a 1 for 20 bonus issue. Profit for the period was GH¢400,000. The reported earnings per share for the year ended 31 December 2019 was GH¢0.186.

Required:
Calculate the earnings per share (EPS) for the year ended 31 December 2020, and the restated EPS for the year ended 31 December 2019, in accordance with relevant International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q5 – Analysis and interpretation of financial statements

Analyze and compare the financial performance and position of two companies, Abodam Plc and Bossu Plc, using various financial ratios and metrics.

You are a financial consultant of Synel Investments (SI). The Directors of SI have tasked you to evaluate the financial health of two wholesaling companies – Abodam Plc (Abodam) and Bossu Plc (Bossu) – to help them decide which entity to invest in. Assume that all other factors of the two companies have been considered except their current period’s relative financial performance and position. The financial statements of Abodam and Bossu for the year ended 31 December 2022 are provided below:

Additional information:

  1. The Directors of Bossu announced at the beginning of the current period to repurchase 20% of the company’s issued shares in equal proportion over a three-year period. The purchase of the first tranche is expected to occur around February 2023. At the start of second quarter this year, the major commercial lender of Abodam triggered its covenant modification right to include stricter profit-based clauses in the loan agreement.

  1. During the year, Abodam and Bossu paid ordinary dividends of GH¢450,000 and GH¢315,000 respectively.
  2. Average borrowing rate for the two companies has remained 11% during the period.

Required:

a) Compute the following additional ratios for the two companies:

i) Return on year-end equity

ii) Return on year-end capital employed (where capital employed equals total assets less current liabilities)

iii) Trade receivables days

iv) Debt-to-equity

(8 marks)

b) Write a report to the board of SI to evaluate the relative financial performance and position of Abodam and Bossu, based on the following headings:

i) Profitability

ii) Working capital management

iii) Gearing

iv) Earnings per share

v) Bossu’s repurchase plan vi) Abodam’s loan covenant

(12 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q2d – IAS 33 – Earnings Per Share

Calculate the basic earnings per share for a parent company after share consolidation and issuance of new shares.

d) A parent company had 6 million, GH¢1 fully paid ordinary shares outstanding on 1 January 2018. On 1 April 2018, the company made a consolidation of existing shares in issue (i.e., a reverse share split) at nominal value, on a 2 for 3 basis. There was no special dividend, share repurchase, or other outflow of resources.

Having completed the consolidation of shares, a new share issue for 600,000 shares was made through an offer for sale at the market price of GH¢1.55 per share. The allotment was made on 1 September 2018 and the proceeds were due on 1 October 2018. The company’s (summarised) statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2018 as published showed:

Item GH¢’000
Revenue 15,740
Cost of sales and expenses (16,060)
Loss before interest and tax (320)
Finance costs (68)
Taxation (60)
Loss for the year (448)
Profit/(loss) attributable to: GH¢’000
Owners of the parent (478)
Non-controlling interests 30
Total (448)

The company also had in issue GH¢500,000 of 5% cumulative redeemable preference shares throughout the year ended 31 December 2018.

Required:
In accordance with IAS 33: Earnings per Share, calculate the basic earnings per share figure for the year ended 31 December 2018. (5 marks)

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  • 14 Marks

FM – March 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Mergers and acquisitions

Calculate the combined company's EPS, weighted average P/E ratio, market value per share, total market capitalization, and the premium received by Finkyim Ltd.

Panpana Ltd is operating in the same industry as Finkyim Ltd, but Finkyim Ltd is experiencing leadership crisis leading to poor performance. Panpana Ltd, upon realizing this, is putting up a bid to take over Finkyim Ltd. It has been agreed that Panpana Ltd will pay 0.7 of its own shares for each of the shares in Finkyim Ltd. This acquisition has no economies of scale and operating synergy. The relevant financial data of the two companies are as follows:

Panpana Ltd Finkyim Ltd
Net Sales GH¢503,000 GH¢178,000
Profit After Tax GH¢88,000 GH¢18,000
Number of Shares 18,000 4,500
Price per Share GH¢50 GH¢30
Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio 10 8

Required:
i) Calculate the Earnings per Share (EPS) for the combined company. (3 marks)
ii) Calculate the Weighted Average P/E ratio for the combined company. (3 marks)
iii) Calculate the Market Value per Share for the combined company. (2 marks)
iv) Calculate the Total Market Capitalization for the combined company. (2 marks)
v) Calculate the Premium received by Finkyim Ltd. (4 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – NOV 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Economic and regulatory environment | Sources of finance: equity

Functions of the Securities and Exchange Commission and National Insurance Commission; calculation and analysis of a rights issue by LIGRI Bank Ghana Ltd.

a. The Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Insurance Commission are part of a list of regulators established by an Act of Parliament. They play a very critical role in the regulation of the financial services sector in the country.

Required:
i) Explain THREE (3) main functions played by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Ghana. (6 marks)
ii) Explain TWO (2) functions performed by the National Insurance Commission in Ghana. (4 marks)

b) LIGRI Bank Ghana Ltd generates a profit after tax of 15% on shareholders’ funds. The current capital structure of the bank is as follows:

Item GH¢
Ordinary shares 40,000,000
Reserves 80,000,000
Total 120,000,000

The management, with the board’s approval, wishes to raise GH¢50,000,000 from a rights issue to expand their existing operations in the country. The return on shareholders’ funds will not change. The current ex-dividend market price is GH¢4 per share. The right issue price proposed by the Finance Director is GH¢3.8 per share.

Required:
i) Calculate the total number of shares to be issued by the company. (3 marks)
ii) Determine the theoretical ex-right price per share after the issue. (3 marks)
iii) Calculate the new earnings per share after the rights issue. (3 marks)
iv) Comment on the calculations of the theoretical ex-right price calculated in ii) above. (1 mark)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – MAR 2024 – L2 – Q2 – Mergers and acquisitions

This question focuses on calculating the share exchange ratio, the market value, EPS, and P/E ratio of a combined business after acquisition, and discusses defensive tactics that can be used to prevent a hostile takeover.

Olongon Plc (Olongon) and Kwatrikwa Plc (Kwatrikwa) are competitors listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Due to poor managerial decisions, Kwatrikwa’s earning power has been uncertain in recent years, making shareholders contemplate selling the business. However, the management of Kwatrikwa has used various defensive tactics to block any takeover they perceive to be hostile. In the just-ended Annual General Meeting (AGM), Kwatrikwa’s shareholders resolved to sell the company. Shareholders of Olongon have expressed interest in acquiring Kwatrikwa and have suggested to the board to put a proposal together for consideration in the next extraordinary meeting. Olongon’s board has gathered the information below to guide the drafting of the proposal:

Company Olongon Kwatrikwa
Earnings per share (GH¢) 0.50 0.50
Retention ratio 0.60 0.40
Price per share (GH¢) 10.00 5.00
Number of shares 25,000 25,000

Required:

a) Assuming the acquisition will be financed with shares, how many shares of Olongon should be exchanged for all the shares of Kwatrikwa based on market value?
(4 marks)

b) Assuming the share price of the combined business after the acquisition is the same as the share price of Olongon, calculate the market value, earnings per share, and the Price/Earnings ratio of the combined business.
(6 marks)

c) Calculate the cost of the acquisition if Olongon pays GH¢130,000 in cash for Kwatrikwa.
(2 marks)

d) Explain FOUR (4) defensive tactics the management of Kwatrikwa can employ to prevent Olongon from acquiring the company.
(8 marks)

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