Question Tag: Disclosure

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

This case examines ethical issues in auditing related to fraudulent practices in a company involved in human trafficking.

You have just been appointed the Auditor of Sheerahmog Manufacturing Company Limited, which manufactures 2.0 ml syringes specifically used by veterinary doctors. Recently, it was discovered that the 2.0 ml syringes are used on human beings due to the shortage of syringes for human use.

The Federal Government has decided to phase out the 2.0ml syringe in the next three years. In order to diversify into production of carbonated water, the Finance Director suggested that the company approach a bank for a complementary N1.26 billion required to finance the diversification program.

In spite of their proposal and cashflow to Bank of Akowonjo Plc, which was described as being fantastic, their loan application was not granted. As a result, the company is likely to go into liquidation with its numerous staff disengaged, if viable alternative is not provided to raise the required fund.

In carrying out the analysis of the sources of funds at the end of the year under review, you found that the company made much money from human trafficking to enable it accomplish the proposed plan of diversification.

At the next meeting with management of the company, you brought your findings to their knowledge and threatened to disclose it as an extraordinary item in the income schedule. Management frowned at it and were considering reviewing your appointment including fee which is currently 52% of your annual income.

Required:
a. Identify the ethical issues involved as they relate to the auditor. (2 Marks)
b. What are the THREE elements of fraudulent practices presented in this case? (6 Marks)
c. What are the safeguards for the ethical issues identified? (4 Marks)
d. List the issues that should be brought to the attention of the company by the auditors as regards the disclosure of the illegal act. (3 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Analyze the impact of early revenue recognition, responsibilities of accountants, and risks of improper disclosure in financial reporting.

Accountants in business who are responsible for the preparation of financial information must ensure that the information they prepare is technically correct, completely disclosed without any omission, and also report the substance of the transaction. However, accountants are usually faced with the danger of influence from senior managers to present figures that inflate profit or assets or understate liabilities. This always puts accountants in a difficult position. This is the situation that the Chief Accountant of Fola PLC found himself.

Fola PLC has December 31 as its year-end, and the managing director (MD) feared that the forecast of 2020 profitability goals would not be reached. Therefore, when Fola PLC received a large order on December 30, the MD immediately directed that the Chief Accountant should record it as revenue for the period. This order represents about 13% of Fola PLC’s revenue. However, the inventory control department did not separate the goods for shipment until January 1, 2021. Separated goods are usually not included in the inventory because they have been sold. Physical inventory taking under the periodic inventory system was conducted on December 31, as it is customary for the company’s external auditors to be in attendance. The Chief Accountant was confused and not willing to be involved in any unethical act.

Required:

a. Appraise the effects and implications of treating the order as revenue on 2020 and 2021 profitability.
(5 Marks)

b. In such circumstances, what should be the responsibilities of the Chief Accountant?
(5 Marks)

c. Analyze the dangers of inappropriate disclosure of information in the financial statements.
(5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Examination of ethical issues in client engagement, fundamental ethical principles, and lawful disclosure obligations for auditors.

You have recently been appointed the auditors of Spicer Plc, a company whose shares are traded on a stock exchange. The directors of Spicer Plc have recommended that you perform the following services:

  • The statutory audit of the annual accounts
  • Taxation services
  • Consultancy services in respect of the implementation of a new information technology system

Your firm has not acted for Spicer Plc before but does act as auditors to one of its major competitors.

Required:
a. Identify and explain the professional and ethical issues that should have been identified by your firm in relation to the provision of the services outlined above to Spicer Plc and describe the safeguards that should be in place in order to address these issues. (11 marks)

b. What are the five fundamental principles of ethics? Briefly explain their meaning. (5 marks)

c. A client’s affairs should not be disclosed to third parties. However, where a client has been guilty of an unlawful act, to whom should the auditor disclose this information, and in what order? (4 marks)

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  • 1 Marks

TAX – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Ethical Issues in Tax Practice

Identify which circumstance does not allow a tax consultant to disclose taxpayer information.

Which of the following is NOT a circumstance when a tax consultant may disclose information on a taxpayer?
A. Disclosure is permitted by law
B. Disclosure is authorised by the client, that is the taxpayer
C. Disclosure is required by law, for example, the production of documents or other provisions of evidence in the course of legal proceedings
D. There is a professional duty or right to disclose, when not prohibited by law
E. Disclosure is at the discretion of the tax practitioner

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q5a – Accounting for Government Assets and Liabilities

Calculate the gain or loss on the disposal of old equipment and explain five IPSAS 17 disclosure requirements.

Odeda Agricultural Corporation, a parastatal under Waso State Ministry of Agriculture, operates its business with plant and equipment that qualifies under IPSAS 17 on property, plant, and equipment. On January 1, 2020, the cost of the corporation’s plant was N100,000,000, and the accumulated depreciation was N40,000,000. On January 2, 2020, the corporation bought new equipment at the cost of N100,000,000. The equipment supplier accepted an old piece of equipment owned by the corporation in part exchange for a value of N2,500,000. The old equipment originally cost N8,000,000 and had accumulated depreciation of N5,500,000.

Required:

i. Calculate the gain or loss on the disposal of the old equipment. (5 Marks)
ii. Explain five disclosure requirements of property, plant, and equipment stated at revalued amount in accordance with IPSAS 17. (5 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BL – May 2014 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Law Relating to Banking

Identifying circumstances under which a banker may disclose customer information.

A banker may disclose information of its customer’s account in the following circumstances EXCEPT where:
A. The banker is lawfully compelled to do so
B. The customer’s creditor demands it
C. It is in the banker’s interest to disclose it
D. The customer makes express or implied request for it
E. The banker is required to disclose by law

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Advise on the importance of transparency and disclosure in corporate governance and explain the principles for a new board member.

The need for transparency and disclosure in financial markets is recognised in codes and statements of principles of corporate governance.

a) Advise the Board of a company on the importance of ‘Transparency and Disclosure’ in corporate governance. (5 Marks)

b) Present the principles of disclosure and communication of information in Corporate Governance in a lucid manner that will be comprehensible to a new Board member. (10 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q7a – Property, Plant, and Equipment (IAS 16)

Outline the disclosure requirements for property, plant, and equipment in financial statements according to IAS 16.

Explain the disclosure requirements in published financial statements with respect to property, plant, and equipment in accordance with IAS 16.

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  • 12 Marks

SCS – March 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Professional practice and codes of ethics

Analyzes LCH board composition using governance codes and discusses OECD principles of disclosure and board responsibilities.

a) LCH’s Board of Directors is composed of four experienced professionals.

Required:
In reference to codes of corporate governance and the composition of LCH’s Board, analyze the view that the board has a suitable balance.
(5 marks)

b) The OECD Principles (2015) provide guidance through recommendations and annotations across six chapters. Principle 5 and 6 deal with disclosure and transparency and the responsibilities of the board respectively.

Required:
Provide the guidance and recommendations given on these principles and how relevant it is to LCH.
(7 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

BL – May 2021 – L1 – SB – Q6a – Law Relating to Banking

Evaluate Kash Bank’s refusal to honor Osagie’s cheque and the legal grounds for disclosure of account details.

Osagie is a customer of Kash Bank Plc. He drew a cheque for the sum of N150,000 in favour of Osula. When Osula presented the cheque for payment at the nearest branch of Kash Bank Plc., the teller returned the cheque unpaid, telling him to get back to Osagie. Osula insists that the teller must tell him the state of Osagie’s account.

Required:
i. State THREE reasons for which Kash Bank Plc. could be wrong in returning Osagie’s cheque unpaid. (3 Marks)
ii. State THREE reasons for which Kash Bank Plc. could lawfully disclose the state of Osagie’s account. (3 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

This case examines ethical issues in auditing related to fraudulent practices in a company involved in human trafficking.

You have just been appointed the Auditor of Sheerahmog Manufacturing Company Limited, which manufactures 2.0 ml syringes specifically used by veterinary doctors. Recently, it was discovered that the 2.0 ml syringes are used on human beings due to the shortage of syringes for human use.

The Federal Government has decided to phase out the 2.0ml syringe in the next three years. In order to diversify into production of carbonated water, the Finance Director suggested that the company approach a bank for a complementary N1.26 billion required to finance the diversification program.

In spite of their proposal and cashflow to Bank of Akowonjo Plc, which was described as being fantastic, their loan application was not granted. As a result, the company is likely to go into liquidation with its numerous staff disengaged, if viable alternative is not provided to raise the required fund.

In carrying out the analysis of the sources of funds at the end of the year under review, you found that the company made much money from human trafficking to enable it accomplish the proposed plan of diversification.

At the next meeting with management of the company, you brought your findings to their knowledge and threatened to disclose it as an extraordinary item in the income schedule. Management frowned at it and were considering reviewing your appointment including fee which is currently 52% of your annual income.

Required:
a. Identify the ethical issues involved as they relate to the auditor. (2 Marks)
b. What are the THREE elements of fraudulent practices presented in this case? (6 Marks)
c. What are the safeguards for the ethical issues identified? (4 Marks)
d. List the issues that should be brought to the attention of the company by the auditors as regards the disclosure of the illegal act. (3 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Revenue Recognition (IFRS 15)

Analyze the impact of early revenue recognition, responsibilities of accountants, and risks of improper disclosure in financial reporting.

Accountants in business who are responsible for the preparation of financial information must ensure that the information they prepare is technically correct, completely disclosed without any omission, and also report the substance of the transaction. However, accountants are usually faced with the danger of influence from senior managers to present figures that inflate profit or assets or understate liabilities. This always puts accountants in a difficult position. This is the situation that the Chief Accountant of Fola PLC found himself.

Fola PLC has December 31 as its year-end, and the managing director (MD) feared that the forecast of 2020 profitability goals would not be reached. Therefore, when Fola PLC received a large order on December 30, the MD immediately directed that the Chief Accountant should record it as revenue for the period. This order represents about 13% of Fola PLC’s revenue. However, the inventory control department did not separate the goods for shipment until January 1, 2021. Separated goods are usually not included in the inventory because they have been sold. Physical inventory taking under the periodic inventory system was conducted on December 31, as it is customary for the company’s external auditors to be in attendance. The Chief Accountant was confused and not willing to be involved in any unethical act.

Required:

a. Appraise the effects and implications of treating the order as revenue on 2020 and 2021 profitability.
(5 Marks)

b. In such circumstances, what should be the responsibilities of the Chief Accountant?
(5 Marks)

c. Analyze the dangers of inappropriate disclosure of information in the financial statements.
(5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Examination of ethical issues in client engagement, fundamental ethical principles, and lawful disclosure obligations for auditors.

You have recently been appointed the auditors of Spicer Plc, a company whose shares are traded on a stock exchange. The directors of Spicer Plc have recommended that you perform the following services:

  • The statutory audit of the annual accounts
  • Taxation services
  • Consultancy services in respect of the implementation of a new information technology system

Your firm has not acted for Spicer Plc before but does act as auditors to one of its major competitors.

Required:
a. Identify and explain the professional and ethical issues that should have been identified by your firm in relation to the provision of the services outlined above to Spicer Plc and describe the safeguards that should be in place in order to address these issues. (11 marks)

b. What are the five fundamental principles of ethics? Briefly explain their meaning. (5 marks)

c. A client’s affairs should not be disclosed to third parties. However, where a client has been guilty of an unlawful act, to whom should the auditor disclose this information, and in what order? (4 marks)

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  • 1 Marks

TAX – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Ethical Issues in Tax Practice

Identify which circumstance does not allow a tax consultant to disclose taxpayer information.

Which of the following is NOT a circumstance when a tax consultant may disclose information on a taxpayer?
A. Disclosure is permitted by law
B. Disclosure is authorised by the client, that is the taxpayer
C. Disclosure is required by law, for example, the production of documents or other provisions of evidence in the course of legal proceedings
D. There is a professional duty or right to disclose, when not prohibited by law
E. Disclosure is at the discretion of the tax practitioner

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q5a – Accounting for Government Assets and Liabilities

Calculate the gain or loss on the disposal of old equipment and explain five IPSAS 17 disclosure requirements.

Odeda Agricultural Corporation, a parastatal under Waso State Ministry of Agriculture, operates its business with plant and equipment that qualifies under IPSAS 17 on property, plant, and equipment. On January 1, 2020, the cost of the corporation’s plant was N100,000,000, and the accumulated depreciation was N40,000,000. On January 2, 2020, the corporation bought new equipment at the cost of N100,000,000. The equipment supplier accepted an old piece of equipment owned by the corporation in part exchange for a value of N2,500,000. The old equipment originally cost N8,000,000 and had accumulated depreciation of N5,500,000.

Required:

i. Calculate the gain or loss on the disposal of the old equipment. (5 Marks)
ii. Explain five disclosure requirements of property, plant, and equipment stated at revalued amount in accordance with IPSAS 17. (5 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BL – May 2014 – L1 – SA – Q17 – Law Relating to Banking

Identifying circumstances under which a banker may disclose customer information.

A banker may disclose information of its customer’s account in the following circumstances EXCEPT where:
A. The banker is lawfully compelled to do so
B. The customer’s creditor demands it
C. It is in the banker’s interest to disclose it
D. The customer makes express or implied request for it
E. The banker is required to disclose by law

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Advise on the importance of transparency and disclosure in corporate governance and explain the principles for a new board member.

The need for transparency and disclosure in financial markets is recognised in codes and statements of principles of corporate governance.

a) Advise the Board of a company on the importance of ‘Transparency and Disclosure’ in corporate governance. (5 Marks)

b) Present the principles of disclosure and communication of information in Corporate Governance in a lucid manner that will be comprehensible to a new Board member. (10 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q7a – Property, Plant, and Equipment (IAS 16)

Outline the disclosure requirements for property, plant, and equipment in financial statements according to IAS 16.

Explain the disclosure requirements in published financial statements with respect to property, plant, and equipment in accordance with IAS 16.

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  • 12 Marks

SCS – March 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Professional practice and codes of ethics

Analyzes LCH board composition using governance codes and discusses OECD principles of disclosure and board responsibilities.

a) LCH’s Board of Directors is composed of four experienced professionals.

Required:
In reference to codes of corporate governance and the composition of LCH’s Board, analyze the view that the board has a suitable balance.
(5 marks)

b) The OECD Principles (2015) provide guidance through recommendations and annotations across six chapters. Principle 5 and 6 deal with disclosure and transparency and the responsibilities of the board respectively.

Required:
Provide the guidance and recommendations given on these principles and how relevant it is to LCH.
(7 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

BL – May 2021 – L1 – SB – Q6a – Law Relating to Banking

Evaluate Kash Bank’s refusal to honor Osagie’s cheque and the legal grounds for disclosure of account details.

Osagie is a customer of Kash Bank Plc. He drew a cheque for the sum of N150,000 in favour of Osula. When Osula presented the cheque for payment at the nearest branch of Kash Bank Plc., the teller returned the cheque unpaid, telling him to get back to Osagie. Osula insists that the teller must tell him the state of Osagie’s account.

Required:
i. State THREE reasons for which Kash Bank Plc. could be wrong in returning Osagie’s cheque unpaid. (3 Marks)
ii. State THREE reasons for which Kash Bank Plc. could lawfully disclose the state of Osagie’s account. (3 Marks)

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