Question Tag: Audit Procedures

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Audit of Prospective Financial Information

Discuss auditor assurance work on prospective financial information, cash flow forecast procedures, and forming an opinion on PFI.

Tijara Nigeria Limited has a credit facility of N6 million with Godiya Bank. The facility was due to expire on December 31, 2021. The overdraft in the recently audited statement of financial position as at September 30, 2021 is N5.5 million. The directors of Tijara have started negotiations with their bankers for a renewal of the facility and to increase the amount to N9 million. To support this request, the bank has asked Tijara to provide a business plan for the coming twelve months consisting of a cash flow forecast supported by a forecast income statement and statement of financial position.

The management of Tijara has produced a cash flow forecast for the period October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022, and, at the request of the bank, has asked an auditor to examine and report on it.

The Audit Manager, who has recently completed Tijara’s audit, has been asked to make a preliminary examination of the cash flow forecast and supporting materials. The manager has made the following observations:

  1. The cash flows from sales are based on the assumption of an overall increase in sales of 24% compared to the previous financial year. Analysis shows that this is based on an increase in selling price of 5% and an increase in the volume of sales of 18%. Just over a quarter of all Tijara sales are made to foreign customers.
  2. The cost of sales in the recently audited comprehensive income to September 30, 2021, was 80% of sales revenue, giving a gross profit of 20%. In the forecast income statement for the year to September 30, 2022, the cost of sales has fallen to 72%, giving a gross profit of 28%. Manufacturing costs are made up of equal proportions of materials, labor, and production overheads.
  3. The trade receivables collection period used in the cash flow forecast to September 30, 2022, is 61 days. In the year to September 30, 2021, this period averaged 93 days. Management has stated that it is its intention to inform all customers of a new standard 60-day credit period. In addition, an early settlement discount of 1% will apply to customers who settle their accounts within 30 days of the statement. Conversely, the credit period for trade payables has been extended from an average of 45 days in the current year to 90 days in the forecast.
  4. The cash flow forecast showed that the maximum credit required during the period would rise to nearly N9 million in August 2022.

Required:

a. Describe the general approach to the assurance work an auditor should consider before accepting the engagement of a reporting accountant on Prospective Financial Information (PFI) under ISAE 3400: The Examination of Prospective Financial Information. (8 Marks)

b. Detail the procedures applicable to the cash flow forecast of Tijara for the year to September 30, 2022. (7 Marks)

c. Prepare a summarized presentation of what the reporting accountant should consider in forming an opinion on prospective financial information (PFI). (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Completion and Final Review

Discuss reasons for reviewing predecessor auditor’s work, audit procedures for sufficient evidence, and actions for insufficient audit evidence.

Vigo Microfinance Bank Limited was incorporated on July 1, 2014, as a public limited company under the Companies and Allied Matters Act. The bank obtained a Microfinance banking license from the Central Bank on August 5, 2015, to operate on a nationwide basis and commenced business operation on September 5, 2015. The bank’s principal business is to provide microfinance banking and related services to the poor and underserved segment of society to alleviate poverty under the Microfinance Institutions Ordinance.

In 2019, the bank decided to convert to a commercial bank and commenced business operations on August 10, 2019, after final approval from the regulator. As of December 31, 2019, the bank had five branches (2016: 24) in the Federal Capital and four other major geopolitical zones in the country.

With the new commercial banking license, the bank employed the services of F.K. George Professional Services to audit its financial statements. As part of the activities to be carried out on the initial engagement, the external auditors began a review of the books of account of the predecessor auditor, and the following issues emerged:

  1. Some property, plant, and equipment in the books of account and prior year financial statements had negative net carrying amounts.
  2. The basis for impairment included in prior year financial statements regarding loans and advances could not be established from the working papers.
  3. A material amount of pre-operating expenses included in receivables schedules could not be satisfactorily explained.
  4. Audit work performed on interest income in the prior year was not supported by sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
  5. Details of outstanding tax liabilities could not be provided, as the amount in the financial statements was the figure supplied by the tax consultant, and not reviewed by the former external auditor.
  6. There was no satisfactory explanation for nil balances in prior year financial statements on contingent liabilities, as no evidence existed that requests for confirmation were made from solicitors of the bank.
  7. Details of contraventions included in the examiner’s report were not considered for disclosures in the financial statements.

The Central Bank is requesting the financial statements of the bank, and management is worried about delays in releasing the financial statements by the new external auditors despite several notifications and reminders.

The Chief Finance Officer of the bank complained to you, as a member of the engagement team, about the delay in concluding the audit. He argued that your firm should not be concerned about prior period financial statement issues, as your firm did not express an opinion on them. Furthermore, the responsibility for the financial statements lies with the board of directors.

Required:

(a) Discuss why your firm needs to carry out the above exercise. (3 Marks)

(b) Analyze the nature and extent of audit procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence. (8 Marks)

(c) Evaluate what your firm might likely do in case of inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence from the exercise. (4 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q5 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Identify steps and procedural actions auditors take under ISA 250 to ensure compliance with laws and regulations.

In compliance with ISA 250 “Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements,” the auditor shall conduct the audit in a manner that gives them confidence that the client has met all legal requirements of the country in which it operates.

As the Audit Partner in charge of APB Manufacturing Plc, you are required to:

a. Identify and clarify SIX steps that ISA 250 requires of you in ascertaining that the company complies with all applicable laws and regulations. (9 Marks)
b. State and explain FOUR procedural actions you will take in the event that the company failed to comply, in material areas, with applicable laws and regulations. (6 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q4 – Audit Reporting

This question tests understanding of the primary purpose of audit working papers.

The primary purpose of audit working papers is to
A. Support the underlying concepts included in the preparations of the basic financial statements
B. Aid the auditors in adequately planning their work
C. Aid the auditors in adequately circularising the client’s debtors
D. Provide a point of reference for future audit engagements
E. Identify area of weaknesses so as to conduct extended substantive and compliance tests

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q13 – Audit Reporting

Determining the correct date to include on an audit report.

The auditor should always date the audit report on a date:

A. The financial statements were approved
B. After the directors have approved the financial statements
C. When the directors approved the audit work
D. The audit assignment was completed
E. The audit commenced

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q10 – Audit of Complex Transactions

Identifying irrelevant ledger accounts in a payroll journal review.

In order to review a payroll journal, the auditor is NOT likely to interface with which of the following ledger accounts?

A. Pay As You Earn
B. Pension
C. Staff loans
D. Current Assets
E. National Health Insurance

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Identifies going concern symptoms, audit procedures for evaluating going concern, and factors to assess continuation potential.

When a company is experiencing going concern problems, it may exhibit various financial and non-financial symptoms.

Required:

(a) State FIVE financial and FIVE non-financial going concern symptoms.
(5 Marks)

(b) State the audit procedures you would adopt as an auditor to determine whether a client company is experiencing going concern problems.
(6 Marks)

(c) What other factors would you consider in assessing if the company can continue despite the going concern issues?
(4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SAII – Q18 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Definition of audit procedures for recording transactions in the correct period.

The audit procedures that ensure that transactions are recorded in the period to which they belong are known as…………………….

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SAII – Q11 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Definition of audit procedure statements by accountancy bodies.

Statements by professional accountancy bodies stating the basic procedures to be adopted when conducting an audit assignment are called………………..

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  • 10 Marks

AA – April 2022 – L2 – Q3b – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Explains the determination of net realisable value and outlines audit procedures for verifying inventory valuation.

b) The management of Zenda Plc have told you that inventory is correctly valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. As the Auditor of Zenda Plc, you have already satisfied yourself that cost is correctly determined.

Required:
i) Explain how to determine net realisable value. (2 marks)
ii) Explain FOUR (4) audit procedures that you will perform to ensure that net realisable value of the inventory is at or above cost. (8 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – April 2022 – L2 – Q3a – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Describes audit procedures for sales reliability and substantive tests for royalties in a publishing company.

a) Oxtom Plc, is a publisher and producer of books of poetry. The company has been listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Also, it has been a client of your firm of Chartered Accountants for a number of years. The manager in charge of the audit prior to the commencement of the work, has been discussing the audit plan with the audit team, of which you are a member. The audit manager informed the team, among other things, that there has been a growing interest in poetry generally and that the company has acquired a reputation for publishing poets who are still relatively unknown.

During your audit you observed the following:

  • Contracts with the poets state that they are given a royalty of 10% on sales. Free copies of the books are provided to the poets and to some organizations such as copyright libraries and to others, such as reviewers and university lecturers. No royalties are paid on free copies.
  • The computerised customer master file contains a code indicating whether a dispatch is to earn a royalty for the author. This code is shown on the sales invoice and dispatch note when they are prepared.
  • A computerised royalty file is held, all entries therein bearing the invoice number and date.
  • The company keeps detailed statistics of sales made, including trends of monthly sales by type of customer, and colleges where its books are recommended as part of course material.
  • Bookshops have the right to return books which are not selling well, however, 10% of these are slightly damaged when returned. The company keeps similar records of returns as it does for sales.

Required:
i) Describe TWO (2) procedures you will perform to ensure that the sales kept by the company may be relied upon. (4 marks)
ii) Describe THREE (3) substantive tests you should perform to ensure that the royalties charged are accurate and complete, stating the objective of each test. (6 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – Mar 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Explain audit procedures to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence for Galito Ltd's inventories.

Galito Ltd is a Ghanaian company that operates in multiple industries and has several subsidiaries. Due to the complexity of its operations, its inventories and properties are scattered across the country and used by any of its subsidiaries.

Required:
As the auditor of Galito Ltd, explain FIVE (5) audit procedures to help obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence for its inventories.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – July 2023 – L3 – Q5b – Assurance services | Current issues

Explains appropriate audit procedures for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, focusing on assessing impact and stakeholder engagement.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the hallmark of every well managed entity. In some cases, cost of CSR may not involve actual expenditure.

Required:

Explain THREE (3) appropriate procedures for audit engagements for CSR reports. (5 marks)

 

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – July 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Assurance services | The audit approach | Planning

Discuss matters to consider before accepting a review engagement and recommend procedures for examining a cash flow forecast.

Eebuks Ltd is a retailer of academic textbooks that sells through its own network of bookshops and online through its website. The revenue from the website includes both cash sales and sales on credit to educational institutions. The company has provided historical analysis from its trade receivables ledger indicating that for sales made on credit, 25% payment is received in the month of sale, 70% after 30 days, and the remainder are irrecoverable debts.

You are a Manager in Makafui & Associates, a firm of Chartered Accountants offering a range of services from audit to non-audit for its clients. On 1 July 2023, your firm was asked by Eebuks Ltd, a company that is not an audit client of your firm, to consider a potential engagement to review and provide an assurance report on Prospective Financial Information. Makafui & Associates has already conducted specific client identification procedures in line with money laundering regulations with satisfactory results.

Additionally, Eebuks Ltd has approached your firm to obtain an independent assurance opinion on its cash flow forecast, which is being prepared for its bankers in support of an application for an increase in its existing overdraft facility.

Required:

a) In line with ISAE 3400: The Examination of Prospective Financial Information, discuss FIVE (5) matters to be considered by Makafui & Associates before accepting the engagement to review and report on Eebuks Ltd’s Prospective Financial Information. (10 marks)

b) Assuming Makafui & Associates accepts the engagement, recommend EIGHT (8) procedures to be performed in respect of Eebuks Ltd’s cash flow forecast. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Dec 2023 – L3 – Q2 – Audit Evidence | Evaluation and Review

Evaluate the accounting treatment of cash-settled share-based payments, regulatory penalties, and property valuation, and outline relevant audit procedures for each.

You are the Manager responsible for the audit of Rail Expert Plc, a listed entity whose principal activity is the operation of a regional railway network. The audit for the year ended 28 February 2021 is the first year your firm is auditing Rail Expert Plc. The draft financial statements received from your client indicated a total asset of GH¢58 million and a profit before tax of GH¢7.4 million. The detailed audit fieldwork has started, and the audit supervisor has brought the following matters to your attention in relation to the testing of key accounting estimates:

a) Cash-settled share-based payment scheme
On 1 March 2020, Rail Expert Plc granted 550,000 share appreciation rights to 55 executives and senior employees of the company, with each eligible member of staff receiving 10,000 of the rights. The fair value of the rights was estimated on 28 February 2020 by an external expert using an options pricing model at GH¢4.50 each. Rail Expert Plc prides itself on good employee relations, and the senior management team has estimated that all 55 staff will qualify for the rights when they vest three years after the granting of the rights on 1 March 2020. The company recognized an expense of GH¢825,000 with its associated liability in the draft accounts. (7 marks)

b) Regulatory penalties
Rail Expert Plc has been subject to a review by the national railways regulator following a complaint from a member of staff with safety concerns. The regulator identified breaches in safety regulations and issued a penalty notice on 30 September 2020. Rail Expert Plc has appealed against the initial penalty payable. Negotiations with the regulator are still ongoing, and the amount payable has not yet been finalized. Rail Expert Plc currently estimates that the total penalty payable as a result of the breach will be GH¢1.3 million, which it expects to repay in equal annual installments over the next ten years, with the first payment falling due on 1 March 2021. The company’s draft statement of profit or loss for the current year recognizes an expense of GH¢1.3 million, and the draft statement of financial position includes a liability for the same amount. (7 marks)

c) Property development
Rail Expert Plc owns an industrial property which it has historically used as a maintenance depot for its engines and carriages. The company has an accounting policy of revaluing its properties to fair value, and at the interim audit, it was noted that the depot was recorded at a carrying amount of GH¢2.5 million in the non-current asset register. During the first week of the audit fieldwork, the audit supervisor identified a year-end journal which has uplifted the depot to a fair value of GH¢4.9 million in this year’s statement of financial position as at 28 February 2021. Management has advised that this represents the estimated sales value of the building following Rail Expert Plc’s plan to develop the building as a residential property. The client has confirmed that the property is suitable for conversion into residential apartments at an estimated cost of GH¢1.2 million and has negotiated secured finance for the development with their bank. The development will be subject to the payment of fees to the local council’s building regulator of GH¢173,000. (6 marks)

Required:
Evaluate the client’s accounting treatments above and state THREE (3) audit procedures you will undertake when auditing each of the transactions.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Dec 2023 – L3 – Q1a – The Meaning of Audit and Assurance | Professional Responsibility and Liability

Explain the concept of professional skepticism and identify areas where it is important in auditing complex, subjective, or judgmental issues.

“Professional Skepticism is an essential concept in auditing practice and theory. It has been identified in almost all existing auditing standards. However, the way it should be characterised is still unclear” according to Maciej Ciolek (2017).

Required:

i) Explain the term Professional Skepticism within the context of the auditing profession. (2.5 marks)

ii) Discuss THREE (3) areas of audit that are complex, subjective or highly judgmental where Professional Skepticism may be important. (7.5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q5b – The Audit Approach

Identify and comment on the implications of findings related to quality control policies and procedures during an audit engagement.

You are a Partner in Green & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants, with specific responsibility for the quality of audits. Green & Co. was appointed auditor of Cleanup Co, a provider of waste management services, in July 2019. You have just visited the audit team at the head office of Cleanup Co. The audit team comprises an audit manager, an audit senior, and two audit trainees.

During your visit, a review of the audit working papers revealed the following:

i) On the audit planning checklist, the audit senior has crossed through the analytical procedures section and written ‘not applicable – new client’. The audit planning checklist has not been signed off as having been reviewed.

ii) The audit manager last visited Cleanup Co.’s office when the final audit commenced two weeks ago on 1 August. The audit senior has since completed the audit of tangible non-current assets (including property and service equipment) which amount to GH¢ 600,000 as at 30 June 2019 (2018 – GH¢ 600,000). The audit manager spends most of his time working from Green & Co’s office and is currently allocated to three other assignments as well as Cleanup Co.’s audit.

iii) At 30 June 2019, trade receivables amounted to GH¢ 2.1 million (2018 – GH¢ 900,000). One of the trainees has just finished sending out requests for direct confirmation of customers’ balances as at the end of the reporting period.

iv) The other trainee has been assigned the audit of the consumable supplies, which includes inventory amounting to GH¢ 88,000 (2018 – GH¢ 53,000). The trainee has carried out tests of controls over the perpetual inventory records and confirmed the ‘roll-back’ of a sample of current quantities to book quantities as at the year end.

v) The audit manager has noted the following matter for your attention. The financial statements as at 30 June 2018 disclosed, as unquantifiable, a contingent liability for pending litigation. However, the audit manager has seen a letter confirming that the matter was settled out of court for GH¢ 450,000 on 14 September 2018. The auditor’s report on the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2018 was unmodified and signed on 19 September 2018. The audit manager believes that management of Cleanup Co. is not aware of the error and has not brought it to their attention.

Required:
Identify and comment on the implications of these findings for Green & Co’s quality control policies and procedures. (10 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q3a – Audit Evidence | Evaluation and Review

Discuss whether financial statements require amendment for specific events and describe related audit procedures and audit report implications.

a) For each of the three events below:
i) Discuss whether the financial statements require amendment. (3 marks)
ii) Describe audit procedures that should be performed in order to form a conclusion on the amendment. (4 marks)
iii) Explain the impact on the audit report should the issues remain unresolved. (3 marks)

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  • 3 Marks

AAA – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Evidence | Evaluation and Review

Explain significant audit procedures to be performed in the final audit regarding the warranty provision as at 31 March 2019

Explain the significant audit procedures to be performed during the final audit in respect of the estimated warranty provision in the statement of financial position of Manuf Co. as at 31 March 2019. (3 marks)

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