Question Tag: Accounts Receivable

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MI – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Accounting for Cost Elements

Calculates cash receipts expected over three months, considering credit sales terms and bad debts.

The following information was extracted from the books of LAHA Limited:

Product P (units) Product Q (units)
November 1,500
December 2,000
January 1,000
February 2,000
March 3,000

Product P is sold for ₦200 per unit, and Product Q for ₦300 per unit. All sales are on credit. 20% of total sales are received in the month of sale, 40% in the following month, and the remaining balance (excluding bad debts) is received at the end of the second month. Bad debts are 2% of total sales and are written off at the end of the second month following sale.

Required:
Calculate the cash receipts expected in January, February, and March. (12 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2d – IAS 10: Events After the Reporting Period

Recommend the accounting treatment for a doubtful debt arising after the reporting period.

Adonko Ltd is a listed Ghanaian company that reports under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with 31 December as the financial year-end. The company performed some work for Adenta Municipal Assembly, a local government authority, during 2016 and issued an invoice for the work for GH¢12 million in July 2016. The invoice was accepted as valid by the local government authority but remains unpaid at the year-end.

In January 2017, following extensive press coverage, financial information was published showing that Adenta Municipal Assembly is heavily indebted and is unable to meet its obligations and pay its suppliers, including Adonko Ltd. This was unexpected by Adonko Ltd, and no allowance had previously been made against the debt in Adonko Ltd’s financial statements.

The Government of Ghana stated on 1 February 2017 that it was not prepared to fund the excesses of regional and local governments and that regional and local governments will need to make the necessary sacrifices to balance their budgets. Adenta Municipal Assembly stated that its priority was the provision of social amenities and economic well-being of its inhabitants and that other suppliers must wait for payment, with no date specified. Based on written correspondence with the local government’s legal advisers, Adonko Ltd believes it will eventually receive full payment, although this may take several years, and that interest on late payments is unlikely.

Required:
As the Finance Director of Adonko Ltd, recommend the accounting treatment of the above, in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2016.

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FM – May 2021 – L2 – Q3c – Factoring Agency

Define what a factoring agency is and explain its role.

What is a factoring agency?

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FM – MAY 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Working Capital Management

Evaluates the impact of extending credit terms on a company’s sales, bad debts, and working capital financing costs.

Adjaye Ltd has current sales of GH¢1.5 million per year. Cost of sales is 75% of sales and bad debts are 1% of sales. Cost of sales comprises 80% variable costs and 20% fixed costs, while the company’s required rate of return is 12%. Adjaye Ltd currently allows customers 30 days credit, but is considering increasing this to 60 days credit in order to increase sales.

It has been estimated that this change in policy will increase sales by 15% and bad debts will increase from 1% to 4%. It is not expected that the policy change will result in an increase in fixed costs, and creditors and stock will be unchanged.

Required:

Advise whether Adjaye Ltd should introduce the proposed policy. Support your answer with relevant computations.

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FM – NOV 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Working Capital Management

This question assesses the computation of working capital under different policies and discusses the importance of the cash conversion cycle and effective accounts receivable management.

Kankam Ghana Ltd currently operates a long working capital cash cycle. Management is considering an initiative to reduce the cash cycle in order to manage the size and cost of the company’s working capital. Below are the components of working capital under the existing policy:

Component Existing (GH¢)
Cash 1,000,000
Debtors 4,000,000
Inventory 6,000,000
Creditors 4,000,000

Under the proposed policy or initiative:

  • Cash is expected to increase by 50%
  • Debtors are expected to reduce by 25%
  • Creditors are expected to increase by 25%
  • The current ratio is expected to be 1.9 times.

The cost of funds to the company is 20% per annum.

Required:

a) Calculate the company’s net working capital under existing and proposed policies.
(5 marks)

b) Compute the change in the company’s working capital financing cost if the new policy is implemented. Advise management on whether to implement the new policy.
(3 marks)

c) Explain the importance of the cash conversion cycle in ascertaining the working capital needs of the company.
(4 marks)

d) Explain THREE (3) advantages to be derived from effective management of Accounts Receivable.
(3 marks)

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FA – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1 – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information and post transactions into various ledger accounts.

a) The IASB Conceptual Framework describes the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information.

Required:
State and explain the TWO (2) fundamental qualitative characteristics. (10 marks)

b) Kofi Mensah started a furniture business on January 1, 2018, and undertook the following transactions during the year:

  • On 1/1/18, he paid GH¢150,000 into the business.
  • On 4/1/18, he borrowed GH¢150,000 from Ama.
  • He paid GH¢200,000 on 6/1/18 for one room to be used as a small shop for his furniture business.
  • Kofi Mensah bought furniture costing GH¢80,000 on 8/1/18, which he plans to sell.
  • On 10/1/18, he bought furniture for resale from Kwame for GH¢150,000 agreeing to pay for them within 15 days.
  • Kofi Mensah sold furniture which had cost GH¢60,000 for GH¢90,000 on 12/1/18.
  • Furniture worth GH¢110,000 was sold for GH¢180,000 to AA Ltd on credit on 20/1/18.
  • On 24/1/18 Kwame was paid GH¢90,000.
  • On 28/1/18 AA Ltd paid GH¢80,000 of the amount he owed.

Note: All monies paid and received were through the bank account.

Required:
Post the above transactions to the following ledgers in the books of Kofi Mensah:
i) Bank account (3 marks)
ii) Inventory account (2 marks)
iii) Capital account (1 mark)
iv) Kwame account (2 marks)
v) AA Ltd account (2 marks)

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MI – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Accounting for Cost Elements

Calculates cash receipts expected over three months, considering credit sales terms and bad debts.

The following information was extracted from the books of LAHA Limited:

Product P (units) Product Q (units)
November 1,500
December 2,000
January 1,000
February 2,000
March 3,000

Product P is sold for ₦200 per unit, and Product Q for ₦300 per unit. All sales are on credit. 20% of total sales are received in the month of sale, 40% in the following month, and the remaining balance (excluding bad debts) is received at the end of the second month. Bad debts are 2% of total sales and are written off at the end of the second month following sale.

Required:
Calculate the cash receipts expected in January, February, and March. (12 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2d – IAS 10: Events After the Reporting Period

Recommend the accounting treatment for a doubtful debt arising after the reporting period.

Adonko Ltd is a listed Ghanaian company that reports under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with 31 December as the financial year-end. The company performed some work for Adenta Municipal Assembly, a local government authority, during 2016 and issued an invoice for the work for GH¢12 million in July 2016. The invoice was accepted as valid by the local government authority but remains unpaid at the year-end.

In January 2017, following extensive press coverage, financial information was published showing that Adenta Municipal Assembly is heavily indebted and is unable to meet its obligations and pay its suppliers, including Adonko Ltd. This was unexpected by Adonko Ltd, and no allowance had previously been made against the debt in Adonko Ltd’s financial statements.

The Government of Ghana stated on 1 February 2017 that it was not prepared to fund the excesses of regional and local governments and that regional and local governments will need to make the necessary sacrifices to balance their budgets. Adenta Municipal Assembly stated that its priority was the provision of social amenities and economic well-being of its inhabitants and that other suppliers must wait for payment, with no date specified. Based on written correspondence with the local government’s legal advisers, Adonko Ltd believes it will eventually receive full payment, although this may take several years, and that interest on late payments is unlikely.

Required:
As the Finance Director of Adonko Ltd, recommend the accounting treatment of the above, in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2016.

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FM – May 2021 – L2 – Q3c – Factoring Agency

Define what a factoring agency is and explain its role.

What is a factoring agency?

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FM – MAY 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Working Capital Management

Evaluates the impact of extending credit terms on a company’s sales, bad debts, and working capital financing costs.

Adjaye Ltd has current sales of GH¢1.5 million per year. Cost of sales is 75% of sales and bad debts are 1% of sales. Cost of sales comprises 80% variable costs and 20% fixed costs, while the company’s required rate of return is 12%. Adjaye Ltd currently allows customers 30 days credit, but is considering increasing this to 60 days credit in order to increase sales.

It has been estimated that this change in policy will increase sales by 15% and bad debts will increase from 1% to 4%. It is not expected that the policy change will result in an increase in fixed costs, and creditors and stock will be unchanged.

Required:

Advise whether Adjaye Ltd should introduce the proposed policy. Support your answer with relevant computations.

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FM – NOV 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Working Capital Management

This question assesses the computation of working capital under different policies and discusses the importance of the cash conversion cycle and effective accounts receivable management.

Kankam Ghana Ltd currently operates a long working capital cash cycle. Management is considering an initiative to reduce the cash cycle in order to manage the size and cost of the company’s working capital. Below are the components of working capital under the existing policy:

Component Existing (GH¢)
Cash 1,000,000
Debtors 4,000,000
Inventory 6,000,000
Creditors 4,000,000

Under the proposed policy or initiative:

  • Cash is expected to increase by 50%
  • Debtors are expected to reduce by 25%
  • Creditors are expected to increase by 25%
  • The current ratio is expected to be 1.9 times.

The cost of funds to the company is 20% per annum.

Required:

a) Calculate the company’s net working capital under existing and proposed policies.
(5 marks)

b) Compute the change in the company’s working capital financing cost if the new policy is implemented. Advise management on whether to implement the new policy.
(3 marks)

c) Explain the importance of the cash conversion cycle in ascertaining the working capital needs of the company.
(4 marks)

d) Explain THREE (3) advantages to be derived from effective management of Accounts Receivable.
(3 marks)

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FA – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1 – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information and post transactions into various ledger accounts.

a) The IASB Conceptual Framework describes the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information.

Required:
State and explain the TWO (2) fundamental qualitative characteristics. (10 marks)

b) Kofi Mensah started a furniture business on January 1, 2018, and undertook the following transactions during the year:

  • On 1/1/18, he paid GH¢150,000 into the business.
  • On 4/1/18, he borrowed GH¢150,000 from Ama.
  • He paid GH¢200,000 on 6/1/18 for one room to be used as a small shop for his furniture business.
  • Kofi Mensah bought furniture costing GH¢80,000 on 8/1/18, which he plans to sell.
  • On 10/1/18, he bought furniture for resale from Kwame for GH¢150,000 agreeing to pay for them within 15 days.
  • Kofi Mensah sold furniture which had cost GH¢60,000 for GH¢90,000 on 12/1/18.
  • Furniture worth GH¢110,000 was sold for GH¢180,000 to AA Ltd on credit on 20/1/18.
  • On 24/1/18 Kwame was paid GH¢90,000.
  • On 28/1/18 AA Ltd paid GH¢80,000 of the amount he owed.

Note: All monies paid and received were through the bank account.

Required:
Post the above transactions to the following ledgers in the books of Kofi Mensah:
i) Bank account (3 marks)
ii) Inventory account (2 marks)
iii) Capital account (1 mark)
iv) Kwame account (2 marks)
v) AA Ltd account (2 marks)

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