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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Statement of Cash Flows (IAS 7)

Preparation of Happy Plc’s statement of cash flows and analysis of revaluation and financing adjustments.

Happy is a publicly listed company. Its financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2017, including comparatives, are shown below:

Notes:

  1. On November 1, 2016, Happy acquired an additional plant under a finance lease with a fair value of ₦3 million. The property was also revalued upward by ₦4 million, with ₦1.3 million of the revaluation reserve transferred to deferred tax. No disposals occurred during the period.
  2. Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment amounted to ₦1.8 million, and amortization of deferred development expenditure was ₦0.4 million.

Required:

Prepare the statement of cash flows of Happy Plc for the year ended July 31, 2017, in accordance with IAS 7, using the indirect method. (20 Marks)

 

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – SA – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Adegaga Laboratories Plc., including the effects of an acquisition and goodwill impairment.

Adegaga Laboratories Plc (“AdeLabs”) is one of the largest companies in Nigeria engaged in cosmetic development and manufacturing. Its largest customer base is in the healthcare sector for post-surgery patients and the Nigeria movie industry (aka Nollywood). In the prior financial period, AdeLabs’ expansion strategy has been largely focused on growth by acquisition and joint ventures.

Additional Information:

  1. As part of this, AdeLabs acquired 80% of the equity share capital of Bodegas Limited (“Bodegas”) on January 1, 2015, when the retained earnings of Bodegas was N93.75 million. Following the share acquisition, AdeLabs had control over Bodegas – no shares have been issued by Bodegas following the acquisition. The non-controlling interest in Bodegas was measured at its fair value of N20 million at the date of acquisition.
  2. On January 1, 2016, AdeLabs acquired 50% of the equity share capital of ChidePlastics Limited (“ChidePlast”) when the retained earnings of ChidePlast was N41.25 million. This acquisition was classified as a joint venture in accordance with IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements. ChidePlast has not issued any shares since the acquisition date.
  3. The balance on “other reserves” relates to movements in the values of investments in Bodegas and ChidePlast in the books of AdeLabs. N18.75 million relates to Bodegas, and the remainder to ChidePlast.
  4. AdeLabs’ non-current liabilities relate to a borrowing (long-term) taken out on January 1, 2017. This borrowing has an agreed coupon rate of 4% p.a., and the interest expense due in respect of 2017 has been paid and accounted for in profit for the year. The effective interest rate estimated with this financial liability is 8% p.a.
  5. As part of its annual impairment review, AdeLabs concluded that the goodwill on the acquisition of Bodegas was impaired by 20% at December 31, 2017. No other impairments of goodwill have arisen.
  6. AdeLabs sold goods to ChidePlast with a value of N75 million and a selling margin of 40% in November 2017. As at year-end December 31, 2017, 75% of these items are unsold.

Accounts for all companies are made up to December 31 annually.

Required:

Prepare for Adegaga Laboratories Plc:

  1. A consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2017. (20 Marks)
  2. On January 1, 2018, AdeLabs acquired an additional 10% of the equity shares of Bodegas. The purchase consideration for this additional acquisition was N52,500,000.

    i. Briefly explain how this additional acquisition will impact the preparation of AdeLabs’ consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. (4 Marks)

    ii. Calculate the adjustment that will be required to be made to AdeLabs’ statement of financial position as a result of this acquisition. (6 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q7 – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Reasons for business cessation, computation of net terminal adjusted profit, and assessable profits

Raposa Nigeria Limited, a company located in Sambisa Forest, Kutunwegi State of Nigeria, commenced operations on November 1, 2017. The accounting year-end was September 30. Due to government policy restricting rice importation, the business’s going concern was threatened, leading the Board of Directors to decide to cease operations on December 31, 2022.

The adjusted profits for the relevant periods are as follows:

Period Adjusted Profit (N)
Period to September 30, 2019 2,100,000
Year ended September 30, 2020 2,400,000
Year ended September 30, 2021 3,640,000
Year ended September 30, 2022 6,300,000
Period to December 31, 2022 500,000

Additional Information:

  1. A bad debt of N120,000, written off in the 2020 assessment year, was recovered in October 2021.
  2. N20,000 was spent to recover this debt.
  3. An expenditure of N350,000 incurred in the 2020 assessment year was accounted for in the profit or loss but was not paid until August 2022.

Upon cessation, the revenue authority planned a back-duty investigation and informed the taxpayer accordingly. As a tax consultant, you are invited to determine the assessable profits for the relevant periods from the commencement of trade to business cessation.

Required: a. State THREE reasons why a business may cease trading. (3 Marks)
b. Compute net terminal adjusted profit. (6 Marks)
c. Compute assessable profits for all the relevant years of assessment. (6 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6b – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Explain five key contents required in a Withholding Tax returns/payment schedule.

It is expected that a schedule of Withholding Tax (WHT) payable should be prepared by applying the correct WHT rate on each transaction/payment made during the month. Thereafter, a cheque for the amount due to the Federal Inland Revenue Service is raised and forwarded together with the WHT schedule to one of the approved collecting banks for processing.

Required:
Explain FIVE contents of a WHT returns/payment schedule. (10 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6a – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Explain the functions and powers of the Nigerian Customs Service Board.

The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) is one of the major revenue-generating agencies for the Federal Government of Nigeria. The establishment of the Nigerian Customs Service Board, which is under the control of the Federal Ministry of Finance, is contained in section 1 of the Nigerian Customs Service Board Act Cap.C45 LFN 2004 (as amended). The Board is responsible for the administration of the Customs and Excise Management Act.

Required:
Explain the functions and powers of the Board. (5 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5 – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Explain stamp duty exemptions, electronic document receipt, duties on contracts, and electronic money transfer levies.

Stamp duties are duties basically on instruments (defined to include written document). Stamp duties are governed by Stamp Duties Act Cap. S8 LFN 2004 (as amended), which provides for the levying of duties on certain matters specified in the Act, effective April 1, 1993.

a. Explain THREE instruments exempted from stamp duties. (3 Marks)
b. Describe when electronic documents are considered received in Nigeria. (3 Marks)
c. Discuss duty on contracts. (3 Marks)
d. Explain the electronic money transfer levy. (6 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4 – Taxation of Trusts and Estates

Compute the net income assessable in the hands of trustees and assessable income of each beneficiary.

The records of the two trustees of Olalomi Children Settlement created in favor of the three children—Olami, Olambe, and Olaide—revealed the following as of December 31, 2020:

Income Type Amount (N)
Rental income (gross) 398,900
Trading income 210,000
Dividend (gross) 196,000
Profit on sale of non-current assets 600,000

Additional Information:

  1. The interest received was from Gbogbo-Ero Commercial Bank Limited.
  2. Other allowable expenses amounted to N23,000.
  3. Each beneficiary was entitled to a quarter of the net distributable income.
  4. Fixed annuity to the beneficiaries was N42,000 (gross) to be shared equally.
  5. Trustee’s remuneration per trust deed was fixed at N25,000 each, plus 2.5% of the total computed income.
  6. Discretionary payments were made to Olami (N10,000), Olambe (N34,000), and Olaide (N29,000).
  7. Agreed capital allowance was N87,600.
  8. Administrative and other expenses amounted to N106,000.

Required: a. Compute the net income assessable in the hands of the trustees. (14 Marks)
b. Compute the assessable income in the hands of each beneficiary. (6 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Explain the roles and responsibilities of government, taxpayers, and revenue agencies in Nigeria’s National Tax Policy.

In line with the provisions of the revised National Tax Policy (NTP) in 2017, explain the roles and responsibilities of the following stakeholders:

i. The government (3 Marks)
ii. The taxpayers (3 Marks)
iii. Revenue agencies (3 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3a – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Describe the composition and functions of Nigeria’s tax administration bodies, including the Joint Tax Board and State Board of Internal Revenue.

a. Tax administration in Nigeria involves the practical interpretations and application of the tax laws. The bodies charged with the administration of tax in Nigeria are the Federal, State, and Local Governments. The tax authorities of these tiers of government derive their power from Federal laws.

i. State the composition of the Joint Tax Board. (3 Marks)

ii. Outline FOUR functions of the State Board of Internal Revenue. (3 Marks)

iii. State FIVE levies and taxes collectible by the Local Government Revenue Committee. (5 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Discuss the tax law provisions for a change in accounting year end, revenue practice, and compute assessable profits.

Forward Nigeria Limited, a Nigerian manufacturing company, has been operating for several years with an accounting year-end on June 30. The company recently decided to change its year-end to September 30. The adjusted profits for the relevant periods are as follows:

Period Adjusted Profit (N)
Year ended June 30, 2014 2,700,000
Year ended June 30, 2015 3,300,000
Period ended September 30, 2015 1,500,000
Year ended September 30, 2016 4,200,000
Year ended September 30, 2017 3,600,000

Additional Information:

  1. Income overstated:
    • June 30, 2015: N250,000
    • September 30, 2016: N280,000
  2. Expenditure understated:
    • June 30, 2014: N160,000
    • September 30, 2017: N150,000

Required: a. Explain the tax law provisions for a business changing its accounting year-end. (5 Marks)

b. Describe the Revenue practice related to these provisions. (3 Marks)

c. Compute the assessable profits for all affected years of assessment, considering the tax law and Revenue practice. (12 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4a & b – Earnings Per Share (IAS 33)

Discuss diluted EPS and calculate EPS measures for Ebonyi Limited.

IAS 33 requires publicly-traded companies to calculate a diluted Earning Per Share (EPS) in addition to their basic EPS for the current year (with a comparative diluted EPS for the previous year), allowing for the effect of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Required: a. Explain the purpose of the dilutive measures and discuss THREE types of dilution. (8 Marks)

b. The statement of financial position (extracts) for Ebonyi Limited for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:

Equity and Liabilities N’000
Ordinary shares (N1 each) 12,000
Retained earnings 36,000
Equity 48,000
Non-current liabilities:
5% convertible loan notes 4,000

Additional information: i. As at December 31, 2022, there has been no new issue of shares or loan notes for several years.
ii. The loan notes are convertible into ordinary shares in year 2023 or year 2024 at the following rates.
iii. At 30 shares for every N100 of loan notes if converted at December 31, 2023.
iv. At 25 shares for every N100 of loan notes if converted at December 31, 2024.
v. Company income tax rate is 30% on profit.

Required: Calculate the basic EPS and diluted EPS for year 2022. (8 Marks)

c. IAS 33 allows an entity to disclose an alternative measure of EPS in addition to the EPS calculated.

Required: Identify and explain TWO conditions that are required in accordance with IAS 33 to be complied with where an alternative measure of EPS is shown in the financial statements of an entity. (4 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Property, Plant, and Equipment (IAS 16)

Discuss financial implications of reclassifying investment property under cost and fair value models.

Young Shall Grow Limited with year-end December 31 purchased an office building, with a useful life of 50 years, for N55 million on January 1, 2013. The amount attributable to land was negligible. The company used the building as its head office until December 31, 2017, when the entity moved to a larger premises.

The building was reclassified as an investment property and leased out under a five-year lease. However, owing to a change in circumstances, Young Shall Grow Limited took possession of the building five years later, on December 31, 2022, to use it as its head office once more. At that date, the remaining useful life of the building was confirmed as 40 years.

The fair value of the building was as follows:

  • At December 31, 2017: N60 million
  • At December 31, 2022: N75 million

Required:

Discuss how the changes of use should be reflected in the financial statements of Young Shall Grow Limited:

  1. If the company uses the cost model for its investment properties.
  2. If the company uses the fair value model for its investment properties.

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3a – Property, Plant, and Equipment (IAS 16)

Explain reclassification criteria for transferring investment property to PPE.

a. If a property is transferred into or out of the category of property, plant and equipment (PPE), it might be reclassified as investment property or as no longer an investment property.

A transfer of investment property can only be made where there is a change of use of such property.

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Business Combinations (IFRS 3)

Analyze Oyowood Limited's financials and adjust ratios based on acquisition considerations.

Chisom Plc experienced rapid growth in recent years through the acquisition and integration of other companies. Chisom Plc is interested in acquiring Oyowood Limited, a retailing company, which is one of several companies owned and managed by the same family.

The summarized financial statements of Oyowood Limited for the year ended December 31, 2022, are as follows:

From the above financial statements, Chisom Plc has calculated for Oyowood Limited the ratios below for the year ended December 31, 2022. It has also obtained the equivalent ratios for the retail sector average, which can be taken to represent Oyowood‟s sector.

Additional Information:

  1. Oyowood Limited buys all inventories from family companies at a 10% discount below market prices.
  2. Post-acquisition, Chisom Plc would replace the board of directors with a new board at a remuneration cost of ₦2.5 million per annum.
  3. Directors’ loan accounts will be refinanced through a 10% interest-bearing commercial loan of the same amount.
  4. The purchase price for Oyowood Limited is expected to be ₦30 million.

Required:

a. As the financial analyst for Chisom Plc, recalculate the ratios for Oyowood Limited after adjustments based on points (i) to (iv) above. (10 Marks)

b. Draft a memo to the managing director of Chisom Plc commenting on the adjusted performance of Oyowood Limited. (10 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Prepare financial statements for Akamata Nigeria Limited, analyze revaluation adjustments, and assess ethical challenges posed by management.

Akamata Nigeria Limited is a manufacturing company. Its finished products are stored in a nearby warehouse until ordered by the customers. Akamata Nigeria Limited has performed very well in the past, but has been in financial difficulties in recent months due to the removal of petroleum subsidies and floating of exchange rate by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The company has been reorganizing its business to improve performance.

The trial balance of Akamata Nigeria Limited as at March 31, 2023, was as follows:

Description Debit (N’000) Credit (N’000)
Revenue 624,500
Cost of goods manufactured (excluding depreciation) 470,000
Distribution costs 45,300
Administrative expenses 80,100
Restructuring costs 605
Interest received 6,000
Loan notes interest paid 3,195
Land and building (including land N100,000,000) 251,500
Plant and equipment 18,600
Accumulated depreciation at March 31, 2022:
– Buildings 30,300
– Plant and equipment 8,350
Investment properties (at market value) 120,000
Inventories at March 31, 2022 24,260
Trade receivables 46,650
Cash and bank 5,950
Ordinary share capital of N1 each (fully paid) 100,000
Share premium 2,150
Revaluation surplus 15,625
Retained earnings at March 31, 2022 140,385
Ordinary dividend paid 5,000
7% loan notes (2027) 91,250
Trade payables 40,600
Proceeds of shares issued 12,000

Total Debit = 1,071,160
Total Credit = 1,071,160

Additional Information:

  1. Property, plant, and equipment depreciation policies:
    • Building: 5% p.a. on straight-line basis (administrative cost).
    • Plant and equipment: 25% p.a. on reducing balance basis (cost of sales).
  2. Land revaluation on March 31, 2023: N120,000,000.
  3. Estimated income tax for the year ended March 31, 2023: N4,880,000.
  4. Closing inventories as at March 31, 2023, amount to N25,900,000. Inspection shows that a production machine had incorrect setup resulting in mispackaged products costing N250,000 to produce. Additional repackaging cost of N100,000 would enable a sale at N275,000. The mispackaged goods are currently included in inventory at N250,000.
  5. Loan notes are due for repayment by March 31, 2027, with interest accrued for six months to March 31, 2023.
  6. Restructuring costs represent major efforts to improve competitiveness and profitability.
  7. Investment properties required no fair value adjustments during the period.
  8. Issued 10 million new ordinary shares at N1.20 each during the year, recorded under “proceeds of share issue.”

Required:

a. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and the statement of changes in equity for the year ended March 31, 2023. (15 Marks)

b. Prepare the statement of financial position as at March 31, 2023. (10 Marks)

c. As the chief accountant of Akamata Nigeria Limited, you have been instructed by the new managing director (MD) to revise the last financial statement and prepare an attractive six-month forecast for listing on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX), potentially bypassing relevant accounting standards and NGX regulations.

Required:
Identify the motivations of the managing director and outline actions you should consider under this ethical pressure. (5 Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q7 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Assessing risk in importing machinery and comparing finance vs. operating lease strategies for construction equipment.

EXPEE CONSTRUCTION PLC.

Expee Construction Plc. has been awarded a contract to construct a 50-kilometer feeder road from Abekoko to Idi Magoro by Adatan State. Unfortunately, the company’s earth-moving machine (bulldozer) suffered a major mechanical fault, making it impossible to mobilize to the site for execution of the contract.

Similar machines are not available for sale in the open market. Management is therefore considering the option of either importing a new machine from Japan or leasing one from Odogunyan Machines Limited located in Eko-Akete. The lease may be a finance or operating lease; either option would release the machine to the lessee for immediate use. Management’s decision on this choice is dependent on its willingness to either retain or transfer the risks involved in the usage of the machine.

Required:

a. Evaluate the risk exposure of the company in adopting the import option.
(5 Marks)

b. Identify and formulate strategies that might be used by the company in managing:

i. The finance lease option
(5 Marks)

ii. The operating lease option
(5 Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Evaluating stakeholder impact and ethical principles in response to financial reporting manipulation.

Gloria Okeke is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Magi and Magi Pharmaceuticals, which produces drugs for the Lagoona region of the country. Gloria is convinced that the company is doing quite well and the management is following due process in terms of structure and governance. She believes that this is the reason for the company’s steady growth in terms of revenue, profit, and earnings.

In 2013, Magi and Magi Pharmaceuticals made a profit of 70% over and above the 2012 results. Mr. Joeb, the Chief Accountant, is quite impressed and is of the opinion that the company should make full disclosure of its profits in the Financial Statements, thinking this would engender greater confidence and attract additional investment in the company.

However, Gloria, claiming to be the boss, instructed Joeb to increase her compensation and inflate the cost of production of pharmaceutical drugs to reduce the disclosed profit of the company.

Joeb outrightly disagreed with Gloria’s instruction, giving her a long talk about his duty to comply with his Institute’s professional rules of conduct. However, Gloria cut short the meeting, saying that she did not wish to entertain any further discussion about her decision. She advised Joeb, in his own interest, to implement her instructions.

Required:

a. As a chartered accountant, specify any THREE categories of stakeholders that Joeb should consider in taking any professional decision or action with regard to the instruction stated above and give reasons for your choice.
(7½ Marks)

b. Discuss the basic principles of ethics that Joeb, as a chartered accountant, should comply with in the course of carrying out his professional responsibilities.
(7½ Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q5 – Innovation and Strategic Renewal

Developing strategies for recruiting and retaining innovative staff to sustain competitive advantage.

Hi-Tech Industries Limited is a leading manufacturer of computers and mobile phones in the country. The company is considering the implementation of low-cost, differentiation, and innovation strategies aimed at sustaining and improving its competitive position. Hi-Tech plans to make its flagship product, Zeta Phone, the mobile phone of choice, offering innovative and cutting-edge technology to its consumers.

For the company to transform into an innovative organization as the business strategy requires, it must employ staff workgroups with highly skilled, innovative, and energetic people who can bring life to new ideas quickly and inject the same into the organization.

A skills audit recently conducted by the company showed that the company does not have enough staff that possess those qualities. To address this deficit, the management decided to train existing staff, employ, and retain the best candidates that the labor market can offer.

Required:

Formulate strategies that Hi-Tech Industries may adopt in its policy for employment and retention of human resources.

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q4 – Stakeholder Management

Discussing applicable accounting forms, social cost minimization, and ethical justice in handling environmental pollution.

Orgamed Mining Company is located close to Erin river in Owode town and it has over 4,000 workers on its payroll, 1,250 of whom come from the town. Since the company started its operations 5 years ago, the town has witnessed considerable development in infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, and electricity. Before commencement of operations of Orgamed Mining Company, Erin river had served as the main source of livelihood for the natives, most of whom are fishermen. A thriving fish market and small scale industries had emerged from the fishing activities. A few neighbouring towns also depend on water from Erin river for domestic activities.

Lately, chemical pollution from the company’s mining activities has become a threat to the survival of fish in the river. Marine experts have pointed out that within the next three years, all the fish and other living organisms in Erin river would be dead as waste water from the mining operations containing sulphuric acid, iron and sulphate particles are lethal to most organisms living within the aquatic environment. There is also a record of health hazards in the neighbouring towns which have been traced to the water from Erin river finding its way into these towns’ water supplies.

When delegates from Owode town and the affected neighbouring towns met with the management of Orgamed Mining Company to discuss this problem of water pollution, it became evident that the costs of controlling the pollution will have significant consequences on the operations of the company. One of these is that there would be a reduction of over 50% of the workforce, and to put Erin river back to its normal state would require closing down the mines.

Required:

a. Explain the forms of accounting that would be applicable to the situation described above.
(6 Marks)

b. How would you advise the management of Orgamed to minimize its social costs and liabilities?
(8 Marks)

c. Using the idea of retributive justice and the utilitarian approach, explain why Orgamed Mining Company should bear the costs of the water pollution.
(6 Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Strategic Implementation

Choosing an organizational structure for effective strategic alignment and competitive positioning.

Universal Food Processing Company Plc. is a company in Nigeria engaged in the production of food products and confectioneries. Some of the products are cocoa beverages, candy, food seasoning, and biscuits. Since inception, the company sources most of its raw materials locally and from a West African country. It currently produces 10 different products from different production facilities and is structured along functional lines.

As part of its corporate strategy to consolidate and improve its competitive position, the Board of Directors has resolved to integrate backwards. This decision stems from current challenges with cocoa suppliers, the company’s primary raw material. Due to the Ebola outbreak, supplies from other West African sources have become erratic.

The situation, coupled with competitor activities, has drastically reduced local cocoa supplies. To address this, the company decided to establish cocoa plantations and a cocoa processing plant in Western Nigeria.

To effectively implement this strategy, management has also decided to redesign its organizational structure to support the backward integration strategy and enhance organizational effectiveness.

Required:

a. Identify and explain the types of organizational structures that Universal Food Processing Company Plc. can adopt.
(10 Marks)

b. Advise the company on which of the organizational structures identified will best suit its new strategy, giving reasons for your advice.
(10 Marks)

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